Effect of radical amplified photopolymerization (RAP) in resin-based composites
Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of irradiation time and specimens thickness on the polymerization kinetic and variation in micro-mechanical properties of two commercial resin-based composites (RBCs) based on radical amplified photopolymerization (RAP) technology™, an...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Ilie, Nicoleta [verfasserIn] Kreppel, Ina [verfasserIn] Durner, Jürgen [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2013 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Clinical Oral Investigations - Springer-Verlag, 2001, 18(2013), 4 vom: 21. Aug., Seite 1081-1088 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:18 ; year:2013 ; number:4 ; day:21 ; month:08 ; pages:1081-1088 |
| Links: |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1007/s00784-013-1085-1 |
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SPR007808003 |
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| 520 | |a Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of irradiation time and specimens thickness on the polymerization kinetic and variation in micro-mechanical properties of two commercial resin-based composites (RBCs) based on radical amplified photopolymerization (RAP) technology™, and to compare them with four camphorquinone (CQ)/amine-based RBCs. Materials and methods The materials were analysed by assessing the polymerization kinetic and the degree of cure (DC) at 0.1 mm and 2 mm depth during 5 minutes after photoinitiation, after curing for 10 s, 20 s and 40 s (Elipar Freelight2). The variation in micro-mechanical properties (Vickers hardness (HV), indentation modulus (E), and depth of cure (DOC)) was assessed in 100 μm steps on 6-mm-high specimens irradiated as above and stored in the water for 24 h at 37 °C. Results The results were statistically compared using one-way ANOVA with Tukey HSD post hoc test (α = 0.05) and a general linear model. The parameter material exerted the strongest effect on DC (partial eta-squared ηp2 = 0.83), followed by irradiation time (ηp2 = 0.27), and depth (ηp2 = 0.09). The polymerization kinetic, well described by an exponential sum function, showed in all materials a faster decrease in carbon–carbon double bonds at 0.1 mm than at 2 mm depth. The materials based on RAP achieved the highest DC values and a faster polymerization at both depths. The irradiation time exerted the strongest effect on the mechanical properties (DOC, ηp2 = 0.96; HV, ηp2 = 0.89; E, ηp2 = 0.86), followed by depth (HV, ηp2 = 0.63; E, ηp2 = 0.54) and material (HV, ηp2 = 0.40; E, ηp2 = 0.67). At the most favorable curing conditions (40 s, surface), the mechanical properties of the analyzed materials varied between 11.38 (0.80) GPa in Estelite® Sigma Quick and 20.80 (1.42) GPa in Estelite® Posterior for E, and between 74.33 (3.56) N/$ mm^{2} $ in Tetric EvoCeram® and 120.71 (6.24) N/$ mm^{2} $ in Estelite® Posterior for HV. Conclusions RAP-initiated material demonstrated a higher increase in DOC with prolonged irradiation time than the analyzed CQ/amine based materials. Clinical relevance An irradiation time of 20 s is also recommended for RAP-initiated RBCs. | ||
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| 650 | 4 | |a Resin-based composites |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
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10.1007/s00784-013-1085-1 doi (DE-627)SPR007808003 (SPR)s00784-013-1085-1-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Ilie, Nicoleta verfasserin aut Effect of radical amplified photopolymerization (RAP) in resin-based composites 2013 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of irradiation time and specimens thickness on the polymerization kinetic and variation in micro-mechanical properties of two commercial resin-based composites (RBCs) based on radical amplified photopolymerization (RAP) technology™, and to compare them with four camphorquinone (CQ)/amine-based RBCs. Materials and methods The materials were analysed by assessing the polymerization kinetic and the degree of cure (DC) at 0.1 mm and 2 mm depth during 5 minutes after photoinitiation, after curing for 10 s, 20 s and 40 s (Elipar Freelight2). The variation in micro-mechanical properties (Vickers hardness (HV), indentation modulus (E), and depth of cure (DOC)) was assessed in 100 μm steps on 6-mm-high specimens irradiated as above and stored in the water for 24 h at 37 °C. Results The results were statistically compared using one-way ANOVA with Tukey HSD post hoc test (α = 0.05) and a general linear model. The parameter material exerted the strongest effect on DC (partial eta-squared ηp2 = 0.83), followed by irradiation time (ηp2 = 0.27), and depth (ηp2 = 0.09). The polymerization kinetic, well described by an exponential sum function, showed in all materials a faster decrease in carbon–carbon double bonds at 0.1 mm than at 2 mm depth. The materials based on RAP achieved the highest DC values and a faster polymerization at both depths. The irradiation time exerted the strongest effect on the mechanical properties (DOC, ηp2 = 0.96; HV, ηp2 = 0.89; E, ηp2 = 0.86), followed by depth (HV, ηp2 = 0.63; E, ηp2 = 0.54) and material (HV, ηp2 = 0.40; E, ηp2 = 0.67). At the most favorable curing conditions (40 s, surface), the mechanical properties of the analyzed materials varied between 11.38 (0.80) GPa in Estelite® Sigma Quick and 20.80 (1.42) GPa in Estelite® Posterior for E, and between 74.33 (3.56) N/$ mm^{2} $ in Tetric EvoCeram® and 120.71 (6.24) N/$ mm^{2} $ in Estelite® Posterior for HV. Conclusions RAP-initiated material demonstrated a higher increase in DOC with prolonged irradiation time than the analyzed CQ/amine based materials. Clinical relevance An irradiation time of 20 s is also recommended for RAP-initiated RBCs. Degree of cure (dpeaa)DE-He213 Polymerization kinetic (dpeaa)DE-He213 Modulus of elasticity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Hardness (dpeaa)DE-He213 Resin-based composites (dpeaa)DE-He213 Kreppel, Ina verfasserin aut Durner, Jürgen verfasserin aut Enthalten in Clinical Oral Investigations Springer-Verlag, 2001 18(2013), 4 vom: 21. Aug., Seite 1081-1088 (DE-627)SPR007794231 nnns volume:18 year:2013 number:4 day:21 month:08 pages:1081-1088 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00784-013-1085-1 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER AR 18 2013 4 21 08 1081-1088 |
| spelling |
10.1007/s00784-013-1085-1 doi (DE-627)SPR007808003 (SPR)s00784-013-1085-1-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Ilie, Nicoleta verfasserin aut Effect of radical amplified photopolymerization (RAP) in resin-based composites 2013 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of irradiation time and specimens thickness on the polymerization kinetic and variation in micro-mechanical properties of two commercial resin-based composites (RBCs) based on radical amplified photopolymerization (RAP) technology™, and to compare them with four camphorquinone (CQ)/amine-based RBCs. Materials and methods The materials were analysed by assessing the polymerization kinetic and the degree of cure (DC) at 0.1 mm and 2 mm depth during 5 minutes after photoinitiation, after curing for 10 s, 20 s and 40 s (Elipar Freelight2). The variation in micro-mechanical properties (Vickers hardness (HV), indentation modulus (E), and depth of cure (DOC)) was assessed in 100 μm steps on 6-mm-high specimens irradiated as above and stored in the water for 24 h at 37 °C. Results The results were statistically compared using one-way ANOVA with Tukey HSD post hoc test (α = 0.05) and a general linear model. The parameter material exerted the strongest effect on DC (partial eta-squared ηp2 = 0.83), followed by irradiation time (ηp2 = 0.27), and depth (ηp2 = 0.09). The polymerization kinetic, well described by an exponential sum function, showed in all materials a faster decrease in carbon–carbon double bonds at 0.1 mm than at 2 mm depth. The materials based on RAP achieved the highest DC values and a faster polymerization at both depths. The irradiation time exerted the strongest effect on the mechanical properties (DOC, ηp2 = 0.96; HV, ηp2 = 0.89; E, ηp2 = 0.86), followed by depth (HV, ηp2 = 0.63; E, ηp2 = 0.54) and material (HV, ηp2 = 0.40; E, ηp2 = 0.67). At the most favorable curing conditions (40 s, surface), the mechanical properties of the analyzed materials varied between 11.38 (0.80) GPa in Estelite® Sigma Quick and 20.80 (1.42) GPa in Estelite® Posterior for E, and between 74.33 (3.56) N/$ mm^{2} $ in Tetric EvoCeram® and 120.71 (6.24) N/$ mm^{2} $ in Estelite® Posterior for HV. Conclusions RAP-initiated material demonstrated a higher increase in DOC with prolonged irradiation time than the analyzed CQ/amine based materials. Clinical relevance An irradiation time of 20 s is also recommended for RAP-initiated RBCs. Degree of cure (dpeaa)DE-He213 Polymerization kinetic (dpeaa)DE-He213 Modulus of elasticity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Hardness (dpeaa)DE-He213 Resin-based composites (dpeaa)DE-He213 Kreppel, Ina verfasserin aut Durner, Jürgen verfasserin aut Enthalten in Clinical Oral Investigations Springer-Verlag, 2001 18(2013), 4 vom: 21. Aug., Seite 1081-1088 (DE-627)SPR007794231 nnns volume:18 year:2013 number:4 day:21 month:08 pages:1081-1088 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00784-013-1085-1 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER AR 18 2013 4 21 08 1081-1088 |
| allfields_unstemmed |
10.1007/s00784-013-1085-1 doi (DE-627)SPR007808003 (SPR)s00784-013-1085-1-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Ilie, Nicoleta verfasserin aut Effect of radical amplified photopolymerization (RAP) in resin-based composites 2013 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of irradiation time and specimens thickness on the polymerization kinetic and variation in micro-mechanical properties of two commercial resin-based composites (RBCs) based on radical amplified photopolymerization (RAP) technology™, and to compare them with four camphorquinone (CQ)/amine-based RBCs. Materials and methods The materials were analysed by assessing the polymerization kinetic and the degree of cure (DC) at 0.1 mm and 2 mm depth during 5 minutes after photoinitiation, after curing for 10 s, 20 s and 40 s (Elipar Freelight2). The variation in micro-mechanical properties (Vickers hardness (HV), indentation modulus (E), and depth of cure (DOC)) was assessed in 100 μm steps on 6-mm-high specimens irradiated as above and stored in the water for 24 h at 37 °C. Results The results were statistically compared using one-way ANOVA with Tukey HSD post hoc test (α = 0.05) and a general linear model. The parameter material exerted the strongest effect on DC (partial eta-squared ηp2 = 0.83), followed by irradiation time (ηp2 = 0.27), and depth (ηp2 = 0.09). The polymerization kinetic, well described by an exponential sum function, showed in all materials a faster decrease in carbon–carbon double bonds at 0.1 mm than at 2 mm depth. The materials based on RAP achieved the highest DC values and a faster polymerization at both depths. The irradiation time exerted the strongest effect on the mechanical properties (DOC, ηp2 = 0.96; HV, ηp2 = 0.89; E, ηp2 = 0.86), followed by depth (HV, ηp2 = 0.63; E, ηp2 = 0.54) and material (HV, ηp2 = 0.40; E, ηp2 = 0.67). At the most favorable curing conditions (40 s, surface), the mechanical properties of the analyzed materials varied between 11.38 (0.80) GPa in Estelite® Sigma Quick and 20.80 (1.42) GPa in Estelite® Posterior for E, and between 74.33 (3.56) N/$ mm^{2} $ in Tetric EvoCeram® and 120.71 (6.24) N/$ mm^{2} $ in Estelite® Posterior for HV. Conclusions RAP-initiated material demonstrated a higher increase in DOC with prolonged irradiation time than the analyzed CQ/amine based materials. Clinical relevance An irradiation time of 20 s is also recommended for RAP-initiated RBCs. Degree of cure (dpeaa)DE-He213 Polymerization kinetic (dpeaa)DE-He213 Modulus of elasticity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Hardness (dpeaa)DE-He213 Resin-based composites (dpeaa)DE-He213 Kreppel, Ina verfasserin aut Durner, Jürgen verfasserin aut Enthalten in Clinical Oral Investigations Springer-Verlag, 2001 18(2013), 4 vom: 21. Aug., Seite 1081-1088 (DE-627)SPR007794231 nnns volume:18 year:2013 number:4 day:21 month:08 pages:1081-1088 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00784-013-1085-1 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER AR 18 2013 4 21 08 1081-1088 |
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10.1007/s00784-013-1085-1 doi (DE-627)SPR007808003 (SPR)s00784-013-1085-1-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Ilie, Nicoleta verfasserin aut Effect of radical amplified photopolymerization (RAP) in resin-based composites 2013 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of irradiation time and specimens thickness on the polymerization kinetic and variation in micro-mechanical properties of two commercial resin-based composites (RBCs) based on radical amplified photopolymerization (RAP) technology™, and to compare them with four camphorquinone (CQ)/amine-based RBCs. Materials and methods The materials were analysed by assessing the polymerization kinetic and the degree of cure (DC) at 0.1 mm and 2 mm depth during 5 minutes after photoinitiation, after curing for 10 s, 20 s and 40 s (Elipar Freelight2). The variation in micro-mechanical properties (Vickers hardness (HV), indentation modulus (E), and depth of cure (DOC)) was assessed in 100 μm steps on 6-mm-high specimens irradiated as above and stored in the water for 24 h at 37 °C. Results The results were statistically compared using one-way ANOVA with Tukey HSD post hoc test (α = 0.05) and a general linear model. The parameter material exerted the strongest effect on DC (partial eta-squared ηp2 = 0.83), followed by irradiation time (ηp2 = 0.27), and depth (ηp2 = 0.09). The polymerization kinetic, well described by an exponential sum function, showed in all materials a faster decrease in carbon–carbon double bonds at 0.1 mm than at 2 mm depth. The materials based on RAP achieved the highest DC values and a faster polymerization at both depths. The irradiation time exerted the strongest effect on the mechanical properties (DOC, ηp2 = 0.96; HV, ηp2 = 0.89; E, ηp2 = 0.86), followed by depth (HV, ηp2 = 0.63; E, ηp2 = 0.54) and material (HV, ηp2 = 0.40; E, ηp2 = 0.67). At the most favorable curing conditions (40 s, surface), the mechanical properties of the analyzed materials varied between 11.38 (0.80) GPa in Estelite® Sigma Quick and 20.80 (1.42) GPa in Estelite® Posterior for E, and between 74.33 (3.56) N/$ mm^{2} $ in Tetric EvoCeram® and 120.71 (6.24) N/$ mm^{2} $ in Estelite® Posterior for HV. Conclusions RAP-initiated material demonstrated a higher increase in DOC with prolonged irradiation time than the analyzed CQ/amine based materials. Clinical relevance An irradiation time of 20 s is also recommended for RAP-initiated RBCs. Degree of cure (dpeaa)DE-He213 Polymerization kinetic (dpeaa)DE-He213 Modulus of elasticity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Hardness (dpeaa)DE-He213 Resin-based composites (dpeaa)DE-He213 Kreppel, Ina verfasserin aut Durner, Jürgen verfasserin aut Enthalten in Clinical Oral Investigations Springer-Verlag, 2001 18(2013), 4 vom: 21. Aug., Seite 1081-1088 (DE-627)SPR007794231 nnns volume:18 year:2013 number:4 day:21 month:08 pages:1081-1088 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00784-013-1085-1 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER AR 18 2013 4 21 08 1081-1088 |
| allfieldsSound |
10.1007/s00784-013-1085-1 doi (DE-627)SPR007808003 (SPR)s00784-013-1085-1-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Ilie, Nicoleta verfasserin aut Effect of radical amplified photopolymerization (RAP) in resin-based composites 2013 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of irradiation time and specimens thickness on the polymerization kinetic and variation in micro-mechanical properties of two commercial resin-based composites (RBCs) based on radical amplified photopolymerization (RAP) technology™, and to compare them with four camphorquinone (CQ)/amine-based RBCs. Materials and methods The materials were analysed by assessing the polymerization kinetic and the degree of cure (DC) at 0.1 mm and 2 mm depth during 5 minutes after photoinitiation, after curing for 10 s, 20 s and 40 s (Elipar Freelight2). The variation in micro-mechanical properties (Vickers hardness (HV), indentation modulus (E), and depth of cure (DOC)) was assessed in 100 μm steps on 6-mm-high specimens irradiated as above and stored in the water for 24 h at 37 °C. Results The results were statistically compared using one-way ANOVA with Tukey HSD post hoc test (α = 0.05) and a general linear model. The parameter material exerted the strongest effect on DC (partial eta-squared ηp2 = 0.83), followed by irradiation time (ηp2 = 0.27), and depth (ηp2 = 0.09). The polymerization kinetic, well described by an exponential sum function, showed in all materials a faster decrease in carbon–carbon double bonds at 0.1 mm than at 2 mm depth. The materials based on RAP achieved the highest DC values and a faster polymerization at both depths. The irradiation time exerted the strongest effect on the mechanical properties (DOC, ηp2 = 0.96; HV, ηp2 = 0.89; E, ηp2 = 0.86), followed by depth (HV, ηp2 = 0.63; E, ηp2 = 0.54) and material (HV, ηp2 = 0.40; E, ηp2 = 0.67). At the most favorable curing conditions (40 s, surface), the mechanical properties of the analyzed materials varied between 11.38 (0.80) GPa in Estelite® Sigma Quick and 20.80 (1.42) GPa in Estelite® Posterior for E, and between 74.33 (3.56) N/$ mm^{2} $ in Tetric EvoCeram® and 120.71 (6.24) N/$ mm^{2} $ in Estelite® Posterior for HV. Conclusions RAP-initiated material demonstrated a higher increase in DOC with prolonged irradiation time than the analyzed CQ/amine based materials. Clinical relevance An irradiation time of 20 s is also recommended for RAP-initiated RBCs. Degree of cure (dpeaa)DE-He213 Polymerization kinetic (dpeaa)DE-He213 Modulus of elasticity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Hardness (dpeaa)DE-He213 Resin-based composites (dpeaa)DE-He213 Kreppel, Ina verfasserin aut Durner, Jürgen verfasserin aut Enthalten in Clinical Oral Investigations Springer-Verlag, 2001 18(2013), 4 vom: 21. Aug., Seite 1081-1088 (DE-627)SPR007794231 nnns volume:18 year:2013 number:4 day:21 month:08 pages:1081-1088 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00784-013-1085-1 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER AR 18 2013 4 21 08 1081-1088 |
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Materials and methods The materials were analysed by assessing the polymerization kinetic and the degree of cure (DC) at 0.1 mm and 2 mm depth during 5 minutes after photoinitiation, after curing for 10 s, 20 s and 40 s (Elipar Freelight2). The variation in micro-mechanical properties (Vickers hardness (HV), indentation modulus (E), and depth of cure (DOC)) was assessed in 100 μm steps on 6-mm-high specimens irradiated as above and stored in the water for 24 h at 37 °C. Results The results were statistically compared using one-way ANOVA with Tukey HSD post hoc test (α = 0.05) and a general linear model. The parameter material exerted the strongest effect on DC (partial eta-squared ηp2 = 0.83), followed by irradiation time (ηp2 = 0.27), and depth (ηp2 = 0.09). The polymerization kinetic, well described by an exponential sum function, showed in all materials a faster decrease in carbon–carbon double bonds at 0.1 mm than at 2 mm depth. The materials based on RAP achieved the highest DC values and a faster polymerization at both depths. The irradiation time exerted the strongest effect on the mechanical properties (DOC, ηp2 = 0.96; HV, ηp2 = 0.89; E, ηp2 = 0.86), followed by depth (HV, ηp2 = 0.63; E, ηp2 = 0.54) and material (HV, ηp2 = 0.40; E, ηp2 = 0.67). At the most favorable curing conditions (40 s, surface), the mechanical properties of the analyzed materials varied between 11.38 (0.80) GPa in Estelite® Sigma Quick and 20.80 (1.42) GPa in Estelite® Posterior for E, and between 74.33 (3.56) N/$ mm^{2} $ in Tetric EvoCeram® and 120.71 (6.24) N/$ mm^{2} $ in Estelite® Posterior for HV. Conclusions RAP-initiated material demonstrated a higher increase in DOC with prolonged irradiation time than the analyzed CQ/amine based materials. Clinical relevance An irradiation time of 20 s is also recommended for RAP-initiated RBCs.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Degree of cure</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Polymerization kinetic</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Modulus of elasticity</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Hardness</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Resin-based composites</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Kreppel, Ina</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Durner, Jürgen</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Enthalten in</subfield><subfield code="t">Clinical Oral Investigations</subfield><subfield code="d">Springer-Verlag, 2001</subfield><subfield code="g">18(2013), 4 vom: 21. 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effect of radical amplified photopolymerization (rap) in resin-based composites |
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Effect of radical amplified photopolymerization (RAP) in resin-based composites |
| abstract |
Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of irradiation time and specimens thickness on the polymerization kinetic and variation in micro-mechanical properties of two commercial resin-based composites (RBCs) based on radical amplified photopolymerization (RAP) technology™, and to compare them with four camphorquinone (CQ)/amine-based RBCs. Materials and methods The materials were analysed by assessing the polymerization kinetic and the degree of cure (DC) at 0.1 mm and 2 mm depth during 5 minutes after photoinitiation, after curing for 10 s, 20 s and 40 s (Elipar Freelight2). The variation in micro-mechanical properties (Vickers hardness (HV), indentation modulus (E), and depth of cure (DOC)) was assessed in 100 μm steps on 6-mm-high specimens irradiated as above and stored in the water for 24 h at 37 °C. Results The results were statistically compared using one-way ANOVA with Tukey HSD post hoc test (α = 0.05) and a general linear model. The parameter material exerted the strongest effect on DC (partial eta-squared ηp2 = 0.83), followed by irradiation time (ηp2 = 0.27), and depth (ηp2 = 0.09). The polymerization kinetic, well described by an exponential sum function, showed in all materials a faster decrease in carbon–carbon double bonds at 0.1 mm than at 2 mm depth. The materials based on RAP achieved the highest DC values and a faster polymerization at both depths. The irradiation time exerted the strongest effect on the mechanical properties (DOC, ηp2 = 0.96; HV, ηp2 = 0.89; E, ηp2 = 0.86), followed by depth (HV, ηp2 = 0.63; E, ηp2 = 0.54) and material (HV, ηp2 = 0.40; E, ηp2 = 0.67). At the most favorable curing conditions (40 s, surface), the mechanical properties of the analyzed materials varied between 11.38 (0.80) GPa in Estelite® Sigma Quick and 20.80 (1.42) GPa in Estelite® Posterior for E, and between 74.33 (3.56) N/$ mm^{2} $ in Tetric EvoCeram® and 120.71 (6.24) N/$ mm^{2} $ in Estelite® Posterior for HV. Conclusions RAP-initiated material demonstrated a higher increase in DOC with prolonged irradiation time than the analyzed CQ/amine based materials. Clinical relevance An irradiation time of 20 s is also recommended for RAP-initiated RBCs. |
| abstractGer |
Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of irradiation time and specimens thickness on the polymerization kinetic and variation in micro-mechanical properties of two commercial resin-based composites (RBCs) based on radical amplified photopolymerization (RAP) technology™, and to compare them with four camphorquinone (CQ)/amine-based RBCs. Materials and methods The materials were analysed by assessing the polymerization kinetic and the degree of cure (DC) at 0.1 mm and 2 mm depth during 5 minutes after photoinitiation, after curing for 10 s, 20 s and 40 s (Elipar Freelight2). The variation in micro-mechanical properties (Vickers hardness (HV), indentation modulus (E), and depth of cure (DOC)) was assessed in 100 μm steps on 6-mm-high specimens irradiated as above and stored in the water for 24 h at 37 °C. Results The results were statistically compared using one-way ANOVA with Tukey HSD post hoc test (α = 0.05) and a general linear model. The parameter material exerted the strongest effect on DC (partial eta-squared ηp2 = 0.83), followed by irradiation time (ηp2 = 0.27), and depth (ηp2 = 0.09). The polymerization kinetic, well described by an exponential sum function, showed in all materials a faster decrease in carbon–carbon double bonds at 0.1 mm than at 2 mm depth. The materials based on RAP achieved the highest DC values and a faster polymerization at both depths. The irradiation time exerted the strongest effect on the mechanical properties (DOC, ηp2 = 0.96; HV, ηp2 = 0.89; E, ηp2 = 0.86), followed by depth (HV, ηp2 = 0.63; E, ηp2 = 0.54) and material (HV, ηp2 = 0.40; E, ηp2 = 0.67). At the most favorable curing conditions (40 s, surface), the mechanical properties of the analyzed materials varied between 11.38 (0.80) GPa in Estelite® Sigma Quick and 20.80 (1.42) GPa in Estelite® Posterior for E, and between 74.33 (3.56) N/$ mm^{2} $ in Tetric EvoCeram® and 120.71 (6.24) N/$ mm^{2} $ in Estelite® Posterior for HV. Conclusions RAP-initiated material demonstrated a higher increase in DOC with prolonged irradiation time than the analyzed CQ/amine based materials. Clinical relevance An irradiation time of 20 s is also recommended for RAP-initiated RBCs. |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of irradiation time and specimens thickness on the polymerization kinetic and variation in micro-mechanical properties of two commercial resin-based composites (RBCs) based on radical amplified photopolymerization (RAP) technology™, and to compare them with four camphorquinone (CQ)/amine-based RBCs. Materials and methods The materials were analysed by assessing the polymerization kinetic and the degree of cure (DC) at 0.1 mm and 2 mm depth during 5 minutes after photoinitiation, after curing for 10 s, 20 s and 40 s (Elipar Freelight2). The variation in micro-mechanical properties (Vickers hardness (HV), indentation modulus (E), and depth of cure (DOC)) was assessed in 100 μm steps on 6-mm-high specimens irradiated as above and stored in the water for 24 h at 37 °C. Results The results were statistically compared using one-way ANOVA with Tukey HSD post hoc test (α = 0.05) and a general linear model. The parameter material exerted the strongest effect on DC (partial eta-squared ηp2 = 0.83), followed by irradiation time (ηp2 = 0.27), and depth (ηp2 = 0.09). The polymerization kinetic, well described by an exponential sum function, showed in all materials a faster decrease in carbon–carbon double bonds at 0.1 mm than at 2 mm depth. The materials based on RAP achieved the highest DC values and a faster polymerization at both depths. The irradiation time exerted the strongest effect on the mechanical properties (DOC, ηp2 = 0.96; HV, ηp2 = 0.89; E, ηp2 = 0.86), followed by depth (HV, ηp2 = 0.63; E, ηp2 = 0.54) and material (HV, ηp2 = 0.40; E, ηp2 = 0.67). At the most favorable curing conditions (40 s, surface), the mechanical properties of the analyzed materials varied between 11.38 (0.80) GPa in Estelite® Sigma Quick and 20.80 (1.42) GPa in Estelite® Posterior for E, and between 74.33 (3.56) N/$ mm^{2} $ in Tetric EvoCeram® and 120.71 (6.24) N/$ mm^{2} $ in Estelite® Posterior for HV. Conclusions RAP-initiated material demonstrated a higher increase in DOC with prolonged irradiation time than the analyzed CQ/amine based materials. Clinical relevance An irradiation time of 20 s is also recommended for RAP-initiated RBCs. |
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