The Effects of Infrared Loading and Water Table on Soil Energy Fluxes in Northern Peatlands
Abstract Increased radiative forcing is an inevitable part of global climate change, yet little is known of its potential effects on the energy fluxes in natural ecosystems. To simulate the conditions of global warming, we exposed peat monoliths (depth, 0.6 m; surface area, 2.1 $ m^{2} $) from a bog...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Noormets, Asko [verfasserIn] Chen, Jiquan [verfasserIn] Bridgham, Scott D. [verfasserIn] Weltzin, Jake F. [verfasserIn] Pastor, John [verfasserIn] Dewey, Brad [verfasserIn] LeMoine, James [verfasserIn] |
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E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2004 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Ecosystems - Springer-Verlag, 2000, 7(2004), 5 vom: 28. Mai, Seite 573-582 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:7 ; year:2004 ; number:5 ; day:28 ; month:05 ; pages:573-582 |
| Links: |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1007/s10021-004-0013-2 |
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SPR00807318X |
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| 520 | |a Abstract Increased radiative forcing is an inevitable part of global climate change, yet little is known of its potential effects on the energy fluxes in natural ecosystems. To simulate the conditions of global warming, we exposed peat monoliths (depth, 0.6 m; surface area, 2.1 $ m^{2} $) from a bog and fen in northern Minnesota, USA, to three infrared (IR) loading (ambient, +45, and +90 W $ m^{−2} $) and three water table (−16, −20, and −29 cm in bog and −1, −10 and −18 cm in fen) treatments, each replicated in three mesocosm plots. Net radiation (Rn) and soil energy fluxes at the top, bottom, and sides of the mesocosms were measured in 1999, 5 years after the treatments had begun. Soil heat flux (G) increased proportionately with IR loading, comprising about 3%–8% of Rn. In the fen, the effect of IR loading on G was modulated by water table depth, whereas in the bog it was not. Energy dissipation from the mesocosms occurred mainly via vertical exchange with air, as well as with deeper soil layers through the bottom of the mesocosms, whereas lateral fluxes were 10–20-fold smaller and independent of IR loading and water table depth. The exchange with deeper soil layers was sensitive to water table depth, in contrast to G, which responded primarily to IR loading. The qualitative responses in the bog and fen were similar, but the fen displayed wider seasonal variation and greater extremes in soil energy fluxes. The differences of G in the bog and fen are attributed to differences in the reflectance in the long waveband as a function of vegetation type, whereas the differences in soil heat storage may also depend on different soil properties and different water table depth at comparable treatments. These data suggest that the ecosystem-dependent controls over soil energy fluxes may provide an important constraint on biotic response to climate change. | ||
| 700 | 1 | |a Chen, Jiquan |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Bridgham, Scott D. |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Pastor, John |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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10.1007/s10021-004-0013-2 doi (DE-627)SPR00807318X (SPR)s10021-004-0013-2-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Noormets, Asko verfasserin aut The Effects of Infrared Loading and Water Table on Soil Energy Fluxes in Northern Peatlands 2004 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Increased radiative forcing is an inevitable part of global climate change, yet little is known of its potential effects on the energy fluxes in natural ecosystems. To simulate the conditions of global warming, we exposed peat monoliths (depth, 0.6 m; surface area, 2.1 $ m^{2} $) from a bog and fen in northern Minnesota, USA, to three infrared (IR) loading (ambient, +45, and +90 W $ m^{−2} $) and three water table (−16, −20, and −29 cm in bog and −1, −10 and −18 cm in fen) treatments, each replicated in three mesocosm plots. Net radiation (Rn) and soil energy fluxes at the top, bottom, and sides of the mesocosms were measured in 1999, 5 years after the treatments had begun. Soil heat flux (G) increased proportionately with IR loading, comprising about 3%–8% of Rn. In the fen, the effect of IR loading on G was modulated by water table depth, whereas in the bog it was not. Energy dissipation from the mesocosms occurred mainly via vertical exchange with air, as well as with deeper soil layers through the bottom of the mesocosms, whereas lateral fluxes were 10–20-fold smaller and independent of IR loading and water table depth. The exchange with deeper soil layers was sensitive to water table depth, in contrast to G, which responded primarily to IR loading. The qualitative responses in the bog and fen were similar, but the fen displayed wider seasonal variation and greater extremes in soil energy fluxes. The differences of G in the bog and fen are attributed to differences in the reflectance in the long waveband as a function of vegetation type, whereas the differences in soil heat storage may also depend on different soil properties and different water table depth at comparable treatments. These data suggest that the ecosystem-dependent controls over soil energy fluxes may provide an important constraint on biotic response to climate change. Chen, Jiquan verfasserin aut Bridgham, Scott D. verfasserin aut Weltzin, Jake F. verfasserin aut Pastor, John verfasserin aut Dewey, Brad verfasserin aut LeMoine, James verfasserin aut Enthalten in Ecosystems Springer-Verlag, 2000 7(2004), 5 vom: 28. Mai, Seite 573-582 (DE-627)SPR008072272 nnns volume:7 year:2004 number:5 day:28 month:05 pages:573-582 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-004-0013-2 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER AR 7 2004 5 28 05 573-582 |
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10.1007/s10021-004-0013-2 doi (DE-627)SPR00807318X (SPR)s10021-004-0013-2-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Noormets, Asko verfasserin aut The Effects of Infrared Loading and Water Table on Soil Energy Fluxes in Northern Peatlands 2004 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Increased radiative forcing is an inevitable part of global climate change, yet little is known of its potential effects on the energy fluxes in natural ecosystems. To simulate the conditions of global warming, we exposed peat monoliths (depth, 0.6 m; surface area, 2.1 $ m^{2} $) from a bog and fen in northern Minnesota, USA, to three infrared (IR) loading (ambient, +45, and +90 W $ m^{−2} $) and three water table (−16, −20, and −29 cm in bog and −1, −10 and −18 cm in fen) treatments, each replicated in three mesocosm plots. Net radiation (Rn) and soil energy fluxes at the top, bottom, and sides of the mesocosms were measured in 1999, 5 years after the treatments had begun. Soil heat flux (G) increased proportionately with IR loading, comprising about 3%–8% of Rn. In the fen, the effect of IR loading on G was modulated by water table depth, whereas in the bog it was not. Energy dissipation from the mesocosms occurred mainly via vertical exchange with air, as well as with deeper soil layers through the bottom of the mesocosms, whereas lateral fluxes were 10–20-fold smaller and independent of IR loading and water table depth. The exchange with deeper soil layers was sensitive to water table depth, in contrast to G, which responded primarily to IR loading. The qualitative responses in the bog and fen were similar, but the fen displayed wider seasonal variation and greater extremes in soil energy fluxes. The differences of G in the bog and fen are attributed to differences in the reflectance in the long waveband as a function of vegetation type, whereas the differences in soil heat storage may also depend on different soil properties and different water table depth at comparable treatments. These data suggest that the ecosystem-dependent controls over soil energy fluxes may provide an important constraint on biotic response to climate change. Chen, Jiquan verfasserin aut Bridgham, Scott D. verfasserin aut Weltzin, Jake F. verfasserin aut Pastor, John verfasserin aut Dewey, Brad verfasserin aut LeMoine, James verfasserin aut Enthalten in Ecosystems Springer-Verlag, 2000 7(2004), 5 vom: 28. Mai, Seite 573-582 (DE-627)SPR008072272 nnns volume:7 year:2004 number:5 day:28 month:05 pages:573-582 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-004-0013-2 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER AR 7 2004 5 28 05 573-582 |
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10.1007/s10021-004-0013-2 doi (DE-627)SPR00807318X (SPR)s10021-004-0013-2-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Noormets, Asko verfasserin aut The Effects of Infrared Loading and Water Table on Soil Energy Fluxes in Northern Peatlands 2004 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Increased radiative forcing is an inevitable part of global climate change, yet little is known of its potential effects on the energy fluxes in natural ecosystems. To simulate the conditions of global warming, we exposed peat monoliths (depth, 0.6 m; surface area, 2.1 $ m^{2} $) from a bog and fen in northern Minnesota, USA, to three infrared (IR) loading (ambient, +45, and +90 W $ m^{−2} $) and three water table (−16, −20, and −29 cm in bog and −1, −10 and −18 cm in fen) treatments, each replicated in three mesocosm plots. Net radiation (Rn) and soil energy fluxes at the top, bottom, and sides of the mesocosms were measured in 1999, 5 years after the treatments had begun. Soil heat flux (G) increased proportionately with IR loading, comprising about 3%–8% of Rn. In the fen, the effect of IR loading on G was modulated by water table depth, whereas in the bog it was not. Energy dissipation from the mesocosms occurred mainly via vertical exchange with air, as well as with deeper soil layers through the bottom of the mesocosms, whereas lateral fluxes were 10–20-fold smaller and independent of IR loading and water table depth. The exchange with deeper soil layers was sensitive to water table depth, in contrast to G, which responded primarily to IR loading. The qualitative responses in the bog and fen were similar, but the fen displayed wider seasonal variation and greater extremes in soil energy fluxes. The differences of G in the bog and fen are attributed to differences in the reflectance in the long waveband as a function of vegetation type, whereas the differences in soil heat storage may also depend on different soil properties and different water table depth at comparable treatments. These data suggest that the ecosystem-dependent controls over soil energy fluxes may provide an important constraint on biotic response to climate change. Chen, Jiquan verfasserin aut Bridgham, Scott D. verfasserin aut Weltzin, Jake F. verfasserin aut Pastor, John verfasserin aut Dewey, Brad verfasserin aut LeMoine, James verfasserin aut Enthalten in Ecosystems Springer-Verlag, 2000 7(2004), 5 vom: 28. Mai, Seite 573-582 (DE-627)SPR008072272 nnns volume:7 year:2004 number:5 day:28 month:05 pages:573-582 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-004-0013-2 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER AR 7 2004 5 28 05 573-582 |
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10.1007/s10021-004-0013-2 doi (DE-627)SPR00807318X (SPR)s10021-004-0013-2-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Noormets, Asko verfasserin aut The Effects of Infrared Loading and Water Table on Soil Energy Fluxes in Northern Peatlands 2004 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Increased radiative forcing is an inevitable part of global climate change, yet little is known of its potential effects on the energy fluxes in natural ecosystems. To simulate the conditions of global warming, we exposed peat monoliths (depth, 0.6 m; surface area, 2.1 $ m^{2} $) from a bog and fen in northern Minnesota, USA, to three infrared (IR) loading (ambient, +45, and +90 W $ m^{−2} $) and three water table (−16, −20, and −29 cm in bog and −1, −10 and −18 cm in fen) treatments, each replicated in three mesocosm plots. Net radiation (Rn) and soil energy fluxes at the top, bottom, and sides of the mesocosms were measured in 1999, 5 years after the treatments had begun. Soil heat flux (G) increased proportionately with IR loading, comprising about 3%–8% of Rn. In the fen, the effect of IR loading on G was modulated by water table depth, whereas in the bog it was not. Energy dissipation from the mesocosms occurred mainly via vertical exchange with air, as well as with deeper soil layers through the bottom of the mesocosms, whereas lateral fluxes were 10–20-fold smaller and independent of IR loading and water table depth. The exchange with deeper soil layers was sensitive to water table depth, in contrast to G, which responded primarily to IR loading. The qualitative responses in the bog and fen were similar, but the fen displayed wider seasonal variation and greater extremes in soil energy fluxes. The differences of G in the bog and fen are attributed to differences in the reflectance in the long waveband as a function of vegetation type, whereas the differences in soil heat storage may also depend on different soil properties and different water table depth at comparable treatments. These data suggest that the ecosystem-dependent controls over soil energy fluxes may provide an important constraint on biotic response to climate change. Chen, Jiquan verfasserin aut Bridgham, Scott D. verfasserin aut Weltzin, Jake F. verfasserin aut Pastor, John verfasserin aut Dewey, Brad verfasserin aut LeMoine, James verfasserin aut Enthalten in Ecosystems Springer-Verlag, 2000 7(2004), 5 vom: 28. Mai, Seite 573-582 (DE-627)SPR008072272 nnns volume:7 year:2004 number:5 day:28 month:05 pages:573-582 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-004-0013-2 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER AR 7 2004 5 28 05 573-582 |
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10.1007/s10021-004-0013-2 doi (DE-627)SPR00807318X (SPR)s10021-004-0013-2-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Noormets, Asko verfasserin aut The Effects of Infrared Loading and Water Table on Soil Energy Fluxes in Northern Peatlands 2004 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Increased radiative forcing is an inevitable part of global climate change, yet little is known of its potential effects on the energy fluxes in natural ecosystems. To simulate the conditions of global warming, we exposed peat monoliths (depth, 0.6 m; surface area, 2.1 $ m^{2} $) from a bog and fen in northern Minnesota, USA, to three infrared (IR) loading (ambient, +45, and +90 W $ m^{−2} $) and three water table (−16, −20, and −29 cm in bog and −1, −10 and −18 cm in fen) treatments, each replicated in three mesocosm plots. Net radiation (Rn) and soil energy fluxes at the top, bottom, and sides of the mesocosms were measured in 1999, 5 years after the treatments had begun. Soil heat flux (G) increased proportionately with IR loading, comprising about 3%–8% of Rn. In the fen, the effect of IR loading on G was modulated by water table depth, whereas in the bog it was not. Energy dissipation from the mesocosms occurred mainly via vertical exchange with air, as well as with deeper soil layers through the bottom of the mesocosms, whereas lateral fluxes were 10–20-fold smaller and independent of IR loading and water table depth. The exchange with deeper soil layers was sensitive to water table depth, in contrast to G, which responded primarily to IR loading. The qualitative responses in the bog and fen were similar, but the fen displayed wider seasonal variation and greater extremes in soil energy fluxes. The differences of G in the bog and fen are attributed to differences in the reflectance in the long waveband as a function of vegetation type, whereas the differences in soil heat storage may also depend on different soil properties and different water table depth at comparable treatments. These data suggest that the ecosystem-dependent controls over soil energy fluxes may provide an important constraint on biotic response to climate change. Chen, Jiquan verfasserin aut Bridgham, Scott D. verfasserin aut Weltzin, Jake F. verfasserin aut Pastor, John verfasserin aut Dewey, Brad verfasserin aut LeMoine, James verfasserin aut Enthalten in Ecosystems Springer-Verlag, 2000 7(2004), 5 vom: 28. Mai, Seite 573-582 (DE-627)SPR008072272 nnns volume:7 year:2004 number:5 day:28 month:05 pages:573-582 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-004-0013-2 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER AR 7 2004 5 28 05 573-582 |
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Noormets, Asko Chen, Jiquan Bridgham, Scott D. Weltzin, Jake F. Pastor, John Dewey, Brad LeMoine, James |
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Elektronische Aufsätze |
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Noormets, Asko |
| doi_str_mv |
10.1007/s10021-004-0013-2 |
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verfasserin |
| title_sort |
effects of infrared loading and water table on soil energy fluxes in northern peatlands |
| title_auth |
The Effects of Infrared Loading and Water Table on Soil Energy Fluxes in Northern Peatlands |
| abstract |
Abstract Increased radiative forcing is an inevitable part of global climate change, yet little is known of its potential effects on the energy fluxes in natural ecosystems. To simulate the conditions of global warming, we exposed peat monoliths (depth, 0.6 m; surface area, 2.1 $ m^{2} $) from a bog and fen in northern Minnesota, USA, to three infrared (IR) loading (ambient, +45, and +90 W $ m^{−2} $) and three water table (−16, −20, and −29 cm in bog and −1, −10 and −18 cm in fen) treatments, each replicated in three mesocosm plots. Net radiation (Rn) and soil energy fluxes at the top, bottom, and sides of the mesocosms were measured in 1999, 5 years after the treatments had begun. Soil heat flux (G) increased proportionately with IR loading, comprising about 3%–8% of Rn. In the fen, the effect of IR loading on G was modulated by water table depth, whereas in the bog it was not. Energy dissipation from the mesocosms occurred mainly via vertical exchange with air, as well as with deeper soil layers through the bottom of the mesocosms, whereas lateral fluxes were 10–20-fold smaller and independent of IR loading and water table depth. The exchange with deeper soil layers was sensitive to water table depth, in contrast to G, which responded primarily to IR loading. The qualitative responses in the bog and fen were similar, but the fen displayed wider seasonal variation and greater extremes in soil energy fluxes. The differences of G in the bog and fen are attributed to differences in the reflectance in the long waveband as a function of vegetation type, whereas the differences in soil heat storage may also depend on different soil properties and different water table depth at comparable treatments. These data suggest that the ecosystem-dependent controls over soil energy fluxes may provide an important constraint on biotic response to climate change. |
| abstractGer |
Abstract Increased radiative forcing is an inevitable part of global climate change, yet little is known of its potential effects on the energy fluxes in natural ecosystems. To simulate the conditions of global warming, we exposed peat monoliths (depth, 0.6 m; surface area, 2.1 $ m^{2} $) from a bog and fen in northern Minnesota, USA, to three infrared (IR) loading (ambient, +45, and +90 W $ m^{−2} $) and three water table (−16, −20, and −29 cm in bog and −1, −10 and −18 cm in fen) treatments, each replicated in three mesocosm plots. Net radiation (Rn) and soil energy fluxes at the top, bottom, and sides of the mesocosms were measured in 1999, 5 years after the treatments had begun. Soil heat flux (G) increased proportionately with IR loading, comprising about 3%–8% of Rn. In the fen, the effect of IR loading on G was modulated by water table depth, whereas in the bog it was not. Energy dissipation from the mesocosms occurred mainly via vertical exchange with air, as well as with deeper soil layers through the bottom of the mesocosms, whereas lateral fluxes were 10–20-fold smaller and independent of IR loading and water table depth. The exchange with deeper soil layers was sensitive to water table depth, in contrast to G, which responded primarily to IR loading. The qualitative responses in the bog and fen were similar, but the fen displayed wider seasonal variation and greater extremes in soil energy fluxes. The differences of G in the bog and fen are attributed to differences in the reflectance in the long waveband as a function of vegetation type, whereas the differences in soil heat storage may also depend on different soil properties and different water table depth at comparable treatments. These data suggest that the ecosystem-dependent controls over soil energy fluxes may provide an important constraint on biotic response to climate change. |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Abstract Increased radiative forcing is an inevitable part of global climate change, yet little is known of its potential effects on the energy fluxes in natural ecosystems. To simulate the conditions of global warming, we exposed peat monoliths (depth, 0.6 m; surface area, 2.1 $ m^{2} $) from a bog and fen in northern Minnesota, USA, to three infrared (IR) loading (ambient, +45, and +90 W $ m^{−2} $) and three water table (−16, −20, and −29 cm in bog and −1, −10 and −18 cm in fen) treatments, each replicated in three mesocosm plots. Net radiation (Rn) and soil energy fluxes at the top, bottom, and sides of the mesocosms were measured in 1999, 5 years after the treatments had begun. Soil heat flux (G) increased proportionately with IR loading, comprising about 3%–8% of Rn. In the fen, the effect of IR loading on G was modulated by water table depth, whereas in the bog it was not. Energy dissipation from the mesocosms occurred mainly via vertical exchange with air, as well as with deeper soil layers through the bottom of the mesocosms, whereas lateral fluxes were 10–20-fold smaller and independent of IR loading and water table depth. The exchange with deeper soil layers was sensitive to water table depth, in contrast to G, which responded primarily to IR loading. The qualitative responses in the bog and fen were similar, but the fen displayed wider seasonal variation and greater extremes in soil energy fluxes. The differences of G in the bog and fen are attributed to differences in the reflectance in the long waveband as a function of vegetation type, whereas the differences in soil heat storage may also depend on different soil properties and different water table depth at comparable treatments. These data suggest that the ecosystem-dependent controls over soil energy fluxes may provide an important constraint on biotic response to climate change. |
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| title_short |
The Effects of Infrared Loading and Water Table on Soil Energy Fluxes in Northern Peatlands |
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https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-004-0013-2 |
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Chen, Jiquan Bridgham, Scott D. Weltzin, Jake F. Pastor, John Dewey, Brad LeMoine, James |
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