Improving rural livelihoods as a “moving target”: trajectories of change in smallholder farming systems of Western Kenya
Abstract Understanding the diversity of current states, life cycles and past trajectories of households and agroecosystems is essential to contextualise the co-design of more sustainable agroecosystems. The objective of this paper was to document and analyse current states, trajectories of changes a...
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Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Valbuena, Diego [verfasserIn] Groot, Jeroen C. J. [verfasserIn] Mukalama, John [verfasserIn] Gérard, Bruno [verfasserIn] Tittonell, Pablo [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2014 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Regional Environmental Change - Springer-Verlag, 2001, 15(2014), 7 vom: 21. Okt., Seite 1395-1407 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:15 ; year:2014 ; number:7 ; day:21 ; month:10 ; pages:1395-1407 |
| Links: |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1007/s10113-014-0702-0 |
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| 520 | |a Abstract Understanding the diversity of current states, life cycles and past trajectories of households and agroecosystems is essential to contextualise the co-design of more sustainable agroecosystems. The objective of this paper was to document and analyse current states, trajectories of changes and their major drivers of households in a highly populated maize-based agroecosystem of Western Kenya. In 2013, we revisited 20 rural households that were surveyed, analysed and categorised 10 years ago (2003) in order to describe major changes in livelihood strategies, land use and soil fertility status. The household-level analysis was complemented with the analysis of secondary data on changes in drivers at the national level for the study period. The diachronic study showed a close association between drivers such as market and transport development, and the structure of rural households in terms of demographic shifts, land and labour exchanges, increased costs of agricultural inputs and better connectivity to markets. Between 2003 and 2013, the surveyed households experienced an increase in non-agricultural income by 30 %; intensity of land cultivation by 60 %; use of hybrid maize seeds by 35 %; and of synthetic fertilisers by almost 50 %. Local households increase their number of cross-bred livestock in detriment of local breeds and used less manure to fertilise their soils. In contrast, there were few changes in terms of food self-sufficiency (around 9 months per year) and in soil conditions (soil fertility was already poor in 2003). In terms of livelihood strategies, better-endowed households tended to diversify and acquire land that enabled them to adapt and benefit from the major changes observed in external drivers. In contrast, more vulnerable households sold labour and land to cope with such changes, remaining in a poverty trap. Households combine and explore diverse strategies to act, cope and adapt to fast-changing local and regional drivers. Policy or development programmes need to account for such diversity and dynamics to support the co-development of more adaptive and sustainable smallholder agroecosystems. | ||
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10.1007/s10113-014-0702-0 doi (DE-627)SPR008816743 (SPR)s10113-014-0702-0-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Valbuena, Diego verfasserin aut Improving rural livelihoods as a “moving target”: trajectories of change in smallholder farming systems of Western Kenya 2014 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Understanding the diversity of current states, life cycles and past trajectories of households and agroecosystems is essential to contextualise the co-design of more sustainable agroecosystems. The objective of this paper was to document and analyse current states, trajectories of changes and their major drivers of households in a highly populated maize-based agroecosystem of Western Kenya. In 2013, we revisited 20 rural households that were surveyed, analysed and categorised 10 years ago (2003) in order to describe major changes in livelihood strategies, land use and soil fertility status. The household-level analysis was complemented with the analysis of secondary data on changes in drivers at the national level for the study period. The diachronic study showed a close association between drivers such as market and transport development, and the structure of rural households in terms of demographic shifts, land and labour exchanges, increased costs of agricultural inputs and better connectivity to markets. Between 2003 and 2013, the surveyed households experienced an increase in non-agricultural income by 30 %; intensity of land cultivation by 60 %; use of hybrid maize seeds by 35 %; and of synthetic fertilisers by almost 50 %. Local households increase their number of cross-bred livestock in detriment of local breeds and used less manure to fertilise their soils. In contrast, there were few changes in terms of food self-sufficiency (around 9 months per year) and in soil conditions (soil fertility was already poor in 2003). In terms of livelihood strategies, better-endowed households tended to diversify and acquire land that enabled them to adapt and benefit from the major changes observed in external drivers. In contrast, more vulnerable households sold labour and land to cope with such changes, remaining in a poverty trap. Households combine and explore diverse strategies to act, cope and adapt to fast-changing local and regional drivers. Policy or development programmes need to account for such diversity and dynamics to support the co-development of more adaptive and sustainable smallholder agroecosystems. Social and environmental change (dpeaa)DE-He213 Adaptive capacity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Eastern Africa (dpeaa)DE-He213 Household diversity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Adaptive capacity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Agroecosystems (dpeaa)DE-He213 Drivers of change (dpeaa)DE-He213 Groot, Jeroen C. J. verfasserin aut Mukalama, John verfasserin aut Gérard, Bruno verfasserin aut Tittonell, Pablo verfasserin aut Enthalten in Regional Environmental Change Springer-Verlag, 2001 15(2014), 7 vom: 21. Okt., Seite 1395-1407 (DE-627)SPR008808457 nnns volume:15 year:2014 number:7 day:21 month:10 pages:1395-1407 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-014-0702-0 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER AR 15 2014 7 21 10 1395-1407 |
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10.1007/s10113-014-0702-0 doi (DE-627)SPR008816743 (SPR)s10113-014-0702-0-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Valbuena, Diego verfasserin aut Improving rural livelihoods as a “moving target”: trajectories of change in smallholder farming systems of Western Kenya 2014 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Understanding the diversity of current states, life cycles and past trajectories of households and agroecosystems is essential to contextualise the co-design of more sustainable agroecosystems. The objective of this paper was to document and analyse current states, trajectories of changes and their major drivers of households in a highly populated maize-based agroecosystem of Western Kenya. In 2013, we revisited 20 rural households that were surveyed, analysed and categorised 10 years ago (2003) in order to describe major changes in livelihood strategies, land use and soil fertility status. The household-level analysis was complemented with the analysis of secondary data on changes in drivers at the national level for the study period. The diachronic study showed a close association between drivers such as market and transport development, and the structure of rural households in terms of demographic shifts, land and labour exchanges, increased costs of agricultural inputs and better connectivity to markets. Between 2003 and 2013, the surveyed households experienced an increase in non-agricultural income by 30 %; intensity of land cultivation by 60 %; use of hybrid maize seeds by 35 %; and of synthetic fertilisers by almost 50 %. Local households increase their number of cross-bred livestock in detriment of local breeds and used less manure to fertilise their soils. In contrast, there were few changes in terms of food self-sufficiency (around 9 months per year) and in soil conditions (soil fertility was already poor in 2003). In terms of livelihood strategies, better-endowed households tended to diversify and acquire land that enabled them to adapt and benefit from the major changes observed in external drivers. In contrast, more vulnerable households sold labour and land to cope with such changes, remaining in a poverty trap. Households combine and explore diverse strategies to act, cope and adapt to fast-changing local and regional drivers. Policy or development programmes need to account for such diversity and dynamics to support the co-development of more adaptive and sustainable smallholder agroecosystems. Social and environmental change (dpeaa)DE-He213 Adaptive capacity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Eastern Africa (dpeaa)DE-He213 Household diversity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Adaptive capacity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Agroecosystems (dpeaa)DE-He213 Drivers of change (dpeaa)DE-He213 Groot, Jeroen C. J. verfasserin aut Mukalama, John verfasserin aut Gérard, Bruno verfasserin aut Tittonell, Pablo verfasserin aut Enthalten in Regional Environmental Change Springer-Verlag, 2001 15(2014), 7 vom: 21. Okt., Seite 1395-1407 (DE-627)SPR008808457 nnns volume:15 year:2014 number:7 day:21 month:10 pages:1395-1407 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-014-0702-0 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER AR 15 2014 7 21 10 1395-1407 |
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10.1007/s10113-014-0702-0 doi (DE-627)SPR008816743 (SPR)s10113-014-0702-0-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Valbuena, Diego verfasserin aut Improving rural livelihoods as a “moving target”: trajectories of change in smallholder farming systems of Western Kenya 2014 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Understanding the diversity of current states, life cycles and past trajectories of households and agroecosystems is essential to contextualise the co-design of more sustainable agroecosystems. The objective of this paper was to document and analyse current states, trajectories of changes and their major drivers of households in a highly populated maize-based agroecosystem of Western Kenya. In 2013, we revisited 20 rural households that were surveyed, analysed and categorised 10 years ago (2003) in order to describe major changes in livelihood strategies, land use and soil fertility status. The household-level analysis was complemented with the analysis of secondary data on changes in drivers at the national level for the study period. The diachronic study showed a close association between drivers such as market and transport development, and the structure of rural households in terms of demographic shifts, land and labour exchanges, increased costs of agricultural inputs and better connectivity to markets. Between 2003 and 2013, the surveyed households experienced an increase in non-agricultural income by 30 %; intensity of land cultivation by 60 %; use of hybrid maize seeds by 35 %; and of synthetic fertilisers by almost 50 %. Local households increase their number of cross-bred livestock in detriment of local breeds and used less manure to fertilise their soils. In contrast, there were few changes in terms of food self-sufficiency (around 9 months per year) and in soil conditions (soil fertility was already poor in 2003). In terms of livelihood strategies, better-endowed households tended to diversify and acquire land that enabled them to adapt and benefit from the major changes observed in external drivers. In contrast, more vulnerable households sold labour and land to cope with such changes, remaining in a poverty trap. Households combine and explore diverse strategies to act, cope and adapt to fast-changing local and regional drivers. Policy or development programmes need to account for such diversity and dynamics to support the co-development of more adaptive and sustainable smallholder agroecosystems. Social and environmental change (dpeaa)DE-He213 Adaptive capacity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Eastern Africa (dpeaa)DE-He213 Household diversity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Adaptive capacity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Agroecosystems (dpeaa)DE-He213 Drivers of change (dpeaa)DE-He213 Groot, Jeroen C. J. verfasserin aut Mukalama, John verfasserin aut Gérard, Bruno verfasserin aut Tittonell, Pablo verfasserin aut Enthalten in Regional Environmental Change Springer-Verlag, 2001 15(2014), 7 vom: 21. Okt., Seite 1395-1407 (DE-627)SPR008808457 nnns volume:15 year:2014 number:7 day:21 month:10 pages:1395-1407 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-014-0702-0 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER AR 15 2014 7 21 10 1395-1407 |
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10.1007/s10113-014-0702-0 doi (DE-627)SPR008816743 (SPR)s10113-014-0702-0-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Valbuena, Diego verfasserin aut Improving rural livelihoods as a “moving target”: trajectories of change in smallholder farming systems of Western Kenya 2014 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Understanding the diversity of current states, life cycles and past trajectories of households and agroecosystems is essential to contextualise the co-design of more sustainable agroecosystems. The objective of this paper was to document and analyse current states, trajectories of changes and their major drivers of households in a highly populated maize-based agroecosystem of Western Kenya. In 2013, we revisited 20 rural households that were surveyed, analysed and categorised 10 years ago (2003) in order to describe major changes in livelihood strategies, land use and soil fertility status. The household-level analysis was complemented with the analysis of secondary data on changes in drivers at the national level for the study period. The diachronic study showed a close association between drivers such as market and transport development, and the structure of rural households in terms of demographic shifts, land and labour exchanges, increased costs of agricultural inputs and better connectivity to markets. Between 2003 and 2013, the surveyed households experienced an increase in non-agricultural income by 30 %; intensity of land cultivation by 60 %; use of hybrid maize seeds by 35 %; and of synthetic fertilisers by almost 50 %. Local households increase their number of cross-bred livestock in detriment of local breeds and used less manure to fertilise their soils. In contrast, there were few changes in terms of food self-sufficiency (around 9 months per year) and in soil conditions (soil fertility was already poor in 2003). In terms of livelihood strategies, better-endowed households tended to diversify and acquire land that enabled them to adapt and benefit from the major changes observed in external drivers. In contrast, more vulnerable households sold labour and land to cope with such changes, remaining in a poverty trap. Households combine and explore diverse strategies to act, cope and adapt to fast-changing local and regional drivers. Policy or development programmes need to account for such diversity and dynamics to support the co-development of more adaptive and sustainable smallholder agroecosystems. Social and environmental change (dpeaa)DE-He213 Adaptive capacity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Eastern Africa (dpeaa)DE-He213 Household diversity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Adaptive capacity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Agroecosystems (dpeaa)DE-He213 Drivers of change (dpeaa)DE-He213 Groot, Jeroen C. J. verfasserin aut Mukalama, John verfasserin aut Gérard, Bruno verfasserin aut Tittonell, Pablo verfasserin aut Enthalten in Regional Environmental Change Springer-Verlag, 2001 15(2014), 7 vom: 21. Okt., Seite 1395-1407 (DE-627)SPR008808457 nnns volume:15 year:2014 number:7 day:21 month:10 pages:1395-1407 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-014-0702-0 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER AR 15 2014 7 21 10 1395-1407 |
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10.1007/s10113-014-0702-0 doi (DE-627)SPR008816743 (SPR)s10113-014-0702-0-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Valbuena, Diego verfasserin aut Improving rural livelihoods as a “moving target”: trajectories of change in smallholder farming systems of Western Kenya 2014 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Understanding the diversity of current states, life cycles and past trajectories of households and agroecosystems is essential to contextualise the co-design of more sustainable agroecosystems. The objective of this paper was to document and analyse current states, trajectories of changes and their major drivers of households in a highly populated maize-based agroecosystem of Western Kenya. In 2013, we revisited 20 rural households that were surveyed, analysed and categorised 10 years ago (2003) in order to describe major changes in livelihood strategies, land use and soil fertility status. The household-level analysis was complemented with the analysis of secondary data on changes in drivers at the national level for the study period. The diachronic study showed a close association between drivers such as market and transport development, and the structure of rural households in terms of demographic shifts, land and labour exchanges, increased costs of agricultural inputs and better connectivity to markets. Between 2003 and 2013, the surveyed households experienced an increase in non-agricultural income by 30 %; intensity of land cultivation by 60 %; use of hybrid maize seeds by 35 %; and of synthetic fertilisers by almost 50 %. Local households increase their number of cross-bred livestock in detriment of local breeds and used less manure to fertilise their soils. In contrast, there were few changes in terms of food self-sufficiency (around 9 months per year) and in soil conditions (soil fertility was already poor in 2003). In terms of livelihood strategies, better-endowed households tended to diversify and acquire land that enabled them to adapt and benefit from the major changes observed in external drivers. In contrast, more vulnerable households sold labour and land to cope with such changes, remaining in a poverty trap. Households combine and explore diverse strategies to act, cope and adapt to fast-changing local and regional drivers. Policy or development programmes need to account for such diversity and dynamics to support the co-development of more adaptive and sustainable smallholder agroecosystems. Social and environmental change (dpeaa)DE-He213 Adaptive capacity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Eastern Africa (dpeaa)DE-He213 Household diversity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Adaptive capacity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Agroecosystems (dpeaa)DE-He213 Drivers of change (dpeaa)DE-He213 Groot, Jeroen C. J. verfasserin aut Mukalama, John verfasserin aut Gérard, Bruno verfasserin aut Tittonell, Pablo verfasserin aut Enthalten in Regional Environmental Change Springer-Verlag, 2001 15(2014), 7 vom: 21. Okt., Seite 1395-1407 (DE-627)SPR008808457 nnns volume:15 year:2014 number:7 day:21 month:10 pages:1395-1407 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-014-0702-0 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER AR 15 2014 7 21 10 1395-1407 |
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Improving rural livelihoods as a “moving target”: trajectories of change in smallholder farming systems of Western Kenya Social and environmental change (dpeaa)DE-He213 Adaptive capacity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Eastern Africa (dpeaa)DE-He213 Household diversity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Agroecosystems (dpeaa)DE-He213 Drivers of change (dpeaa)DE-He213 |
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improving rural livelihoods as a “moving target”: trajectories of change in smallholder farming systems of western kenya |
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Improving rural livelihoods as a “moving target”: trajectories of change in smallholder farming systems of Western Kenya |
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Abstract Understanding the diversity of current states, life cycles and past trajectories of households and agroecosystems is essential to contextualise the co-design of more sustainable agroecosystems. The objective of this paper was to document and analyse current states, trajectories of changes and their major drivers of households in a highly populated maize-based agroecosystem of Western Kenya. In 2013, we revisited 20 rural households that were surveyed, analysed and categorised 10 years ago (2003) in order to describe major changes in livelihood strategies, land use and soil fertility status. The household-level analysis was complemented with the analysis of secondary data on changes in drivers at the national level for the study period. The diachronic study showed a close association between drivers such as market and transport development, and the structure of rural households in terms of demographic shifts, land and labour exchanges, increased costs of agricultural inputs and better connectivity to markets. Between 2003 and 2013, the surveyed households experienced an increase in non-agricultural income by 30 %; intensity of land cultivation by 60 %; use of hybrid maize seeds by 35 %; and of synthetic fertilisers by almost 50 %. Local households increase their number of cross-bred livestock in detriment of local breeds and used less manure to fertilise their soils. In contrast, there were few changes in terms of food self-sufficiency (around 9 months per year) and in soil conditions (soil fertility was already poor in 2003). In terms of livelihood strategies, better-endowed households tended to diversify and acquire land that enabled them to adapt and benefit from the major changes observed in external drivers. In contrast, more vulnerable households sold labour and land to cope with such changes, remaining in a poverty trap. Households combine and explore diverse strategies to act, cope and adapt to fast-changing local and regional drivers. Policy or development programmes need to account for such diversity and dynamics to support the co-development of more adaptive and sustainable smallholder agroecosystems. |
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Abstract Understanding the diversity of current states, life cycles and past trajectories of households and agroecosystems is essential to contextualise the co-design of more sustainable agroecosystems. The objective of this paper was to document and analyse current states, trajectories of changes and their major drivers of households in a highly populated maize-based agroecosystem of Western Kenya. In 2013, we revisited 20 rural households that were surveyed, analysed and categorised 10 years ago (2003) in order to describe major changes in livelihood strategies, land use and soil fertility status. The household-level analysis was complemented with the analysis of secondary data on changes in drivers at the national level for the study period. The diachronic study showed a close association between drivers such as market and transport development, and the structure of rural households in terms of demographic shifts, land and labour exchanges, increased costs of agricultural inputs and better connectivity to markets. Between 2003 and 2013, the surveyed households experienced an increase in non-agricultural income by 30 %; intensity of land cultivation by 60 %; use of hybrid maize seeds by 35 %; and of synthetic fertilisers by almost 50 %. Local households increase their number of cross-bred livestock in detriment of local breeds and used less manure to fertilise their soils. In contrast, there were few changes in terms of food self-sufficiency (around 9 months per year) and in soil conditions (soil fertility was already poor in 2003). In terms of livelihood strategies, better-endowed households tended to diversify and acquire land that enabled them to adapt and benefit from the major changes observed in external drivers. In contrast, more vulnerable households sold labour and land to cope with such changes, remaining in a poverty trap. Households combine and explore diverse strategies to act, cope and adapt to fast-changing local and regional drivers. Policy or development programmes need to account for such diversity and dynamics to support the co-development of more adaptive and sustainable smallholder agroecosystems. |
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Abstract Understanding the diversity of current states, life cycles and past trajectories of households and agroecosystems is essential to contextualise the co-design of more sustainable agroecosystems. The objective of this paper was to document and analyse current states, trajectories of changes and their major drivers of households in a highly populated maize-based agroecosystem of Western Kenya. In 2013, we revisited 20 rural households that were surveyed, analysed and categorised 10 years ago (2003) in order to describe major changes in livelihood strategies, land use and soil fertility status. The household-level analysis was complemented with the analysis of secondary data on changes in drivers at the national level for the study period. The diachronic study showed a close association between drivers such as market and transport development, and the structure of rural households in terms of demographic shifts, land and labour exchanges, increased costs of agricultural inputs and better connectivity to markets. Between 2003 and 2013, the surveyed households experienced an increase in non-agricultural income by 30 %; intensity of land cultivation by 60 %; use of hybrid maize seeds by 35 %; and of synthetic fertilisers by almost 50 %. Local households increase their number of cross-bred livestock in detriment of local breeds and used less manure to fertilise their soils. In contrast, there were few changes in terms of food self-sufficiency (around 9 months per year) and in soil conditions (soil fertility was already poor in 2003). In terms of livelihood strategies, better-endowed households tended to diversify and acquire land that enabled them to adapt and benefit from the major changes observed in external drivers. In contrast, more vulnerable households sold labour and land to cope with such changes, remaining in a poverty trap. Households combine and explore diverse strategies to act, cope and adapt to fast-changing local and regional drivers. Policy or development programmes need to account for such diversity and dynamics to support the co-development of more adaptive and sustainable smallholder agroecosystems. |
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