Gross nitrification rates in four Japanese forest soils: heterotrophic versus autotrophic and the regulation factors for the nitrification
Abstract Measurements of gross NH4+ and NO3− production in forest soils were conducted using the 15N pool dilution method. Mineral topsoils (0–10 cm depth) were collected from four forests from northern to southern Japan with a natural climate gradient to elucidate the mechanisms regulating gross ni...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Kuroiwa, Megumi [verfasserIn] Koba, Keisuke [verfasserIn] Isobe, Kazuo [verfasserIn] Tateno, Ryunosuke [verfasserIn] Nakanishi, Asami [verfasserIn] Inagaki, Yoshiyuki [verfasserIn] Toda, Hiroto [verfasserIn] Otsuka, Shigeto [verfasserIn] Senoo, Keishi [verfasserIn] Suwa, Yuichi [verfasserIn] Yoh, Muneoki [verfasserIn] Urakawa, Rieko [verfasserIn] Shibata, Hideaki [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2011 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Journal of forest research - Tokyo : Springer, 1996, 16(2011), 5 vom: 17. Aug. |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:16 ; year:2011 ; number:5 ; day:17 ; month:08 |
| Links: |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1007/s10310-011-0287-0 |
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| Katalog-ID: |
SPR009423087 |
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| 520 | |a Abstract Measurements of gross NH4+ and NO3− production in forest soils were conducted using the 15N pool dilution method. Mineral topsoils (0–10 cm depth) were collected from four forests from northern to southern Japan with a natural climate gradient to elucidate the mechanisms regulating gross nitrification rates in forest soils. Additionally, we attempted to evaluate the relative importance of heterotrophic nitrification in gross total nitrification using acetylene as a specific inhibitor of autotrophic nitrification. Distinct differences were found among sites in the gross rates of NH4+ production (3.1–11.4 mg N $ kg^{−1} $ $ day^{−1} $) and gross total nitrification (0.0–6.1 mg N $ kg^{−1} $ $ day^{−1} $). The rates of gross heterotrophic nitrification were low in this study, indicating that heterotrophic nitrification is of minor importance in most forest mineral topsoils in Japan. Significant relations were found between gross autotrophic nitrification and gross NH4+ production, soil N, and soil C concentrations, but none was found between gross autotrophic nitrification and soil pH. We determined the critical value of the gross NH4+ production rates for gross autotrophic nitrification under which no gross autotrophic nitrification occurred, as well as the critical soil C/N ratio above which gross autotrophic nitrification ceased. Results show that tight coupling of production and consumption of NH4+ prevents autotrophic nitrifiers from utilizing NH4+ as long as NH4+ availability is low. | ||
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| 650 | 4 | |a Forest soil |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Gross mineralization rate |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Gross nitrification rate |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Heterotrophic nitrification |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
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10.1007/s10310-011-0287-0 doi (DE-627)SPR009423087 (SPR)s10310-011-0287-0-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 630 ASE 630 640 ASE 48.40 bkl Kuroiwa, Megumi verfasserin aut Gross nitrification rates in four Japanese forest soils: heterotrophic versus autotrophic and the regulation factors for the nitrification 2011 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Measurements of gross NH4+ and NO3− production in forest soils were conducted using the 15N pool dilution method. Mineral topsoils (0–10 cm depth) were collected from four forests from northern to southern Japan with a natural climate gradient to elucidate the mechanisms regulating gross nitrification rates in forest soils. Additionally, we attempted to evaluate the relative importance of heterotrophic nitrification in gross total nitrification using acetylene as a specific inhibitor of autotrophic nitrification. Distinct differences were found among sites in the gross rates of NH4+ production (3.1–11.4 mg N $ kg^{−1} $ $ day^{−1} $) and gross total nitrification (0.0–6.1 mg N $ kg^{−1} $ $ day^{−1} $). The rates of gross heterotrophic nitrification were low in this study, indicating that heterotrophic nitrification is of minor importance in most forest mineral topsoils in Japan. Significant relations were found between gross autotrophic nitrification and gross NH4+ production, soil N, and soil C concentrations, but none was found between gross autotrophic nitrification and soil pH. We determined the critical value of the gross NH4+ production rates for gross autotrophic nitrification under which no gross autotrophic nitrification occurred, as well as the critical soil C/N ratio above which gross autotrophic nitrification ceased. Results show that tight coupling of production and consumption of NH4+ prevents autotrophic nitrifiers from utilizing NH4+ as long as NH4+ availability is low. C/N ratio (dpeaa)DE-He213 Forest soil (dpeaa)DE-He213 Gross mineralization rate (dpeaa)DE-He213 Gross nitrification rate (dpeaa)DE-He213 Heterotrophic nitrification (dpeaa)DE-He213 Koba, Keisuke verfasserin aut Isobe, Kazuo verfasserin aut Tateno, Ryunosuke verfasserin aut Nakanishi, Asami verfasserin aut Inagaki, Yoshiyuki verfasserin aut Toda, Hiroto verfasserin aut Otsuka, Shigeto verfasserin aut Senoo, Keishi verfasserin aut Suwa, Yuichi verfasserin aut Yoh, Muneoki verfasserin aut Urakawa, Rieko verfasserin aut Shibata, Hideaki verfasserin aut Enthalten in Journal of forest research Tokyo : Springer, 1996 16(2011), 5 vom: 17. Aug. (DE-627)363744819 (DE-600)2104467-3 1610-7403 nnns volume:16 year:2011 number:5 day:17 month:08 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10310-011-0287-0 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OPC-FOR SSG-OPC-ASE GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_266 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2070 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4277 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4700 48.40 ASE AR 16 2011 5 17 08 |
| spelling |
10.1007/s10310-011-0287-0 doi (DE-627)SPR009423087 (SPR)s10310-011-0287-0-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 630 ASE 630 640 ASE 48.40 bkl Kuroiwa, Megumi verfasserin aut Gross nitrification rates in four Japanese forest soils: heterotrophic versus autotrophic and the regulation factors for the nitrification 2011 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Measurements of gross NH4+ and NO3− production in forest soils were conducted using the 15N pool dilution method. Mineral topsoils (0–10 cm depth) were collected from four forests from northern to southern Japan with a natural climate gradient to elucidate the mechanisms regulating gross nitrification rates in forest soils. Additionally, we attempted to evaluate the relative importance of heterotrophic nitrification in gross total nitrification using acetylene as a specific inhibitor of autotrophic nitrification. Distinct differences were found among sites in the gross rates of NH4+ production (3.1–11.4 mg N $ kg^{−1} $ $ day^{−1} $) and gross total nitrification (0.0–6.1 mg N $ kg^{−1} $ $ day^{−1} $). The rates of gross heterotrophic nitrification were low in this study, indicating that heterotrophic nitrification is of minor importance in most forest mineral topsoils in Japan. Significant relations were found between gross autotrophic nitrification and gross NH4+ production, soil N, and soil C concentrations, but none was found between gross autotrophic nitrification and soil pH. We determined the critical value of the gross NH4+ production rates for gross autotrophic nitrification under which no gross autotrophic nitrification occurred, as well as the critical soil C/N ratio above which gross autotrophic nitrification ceased. Results show that tight coupling of production and consumption of NH4+ prevents autotrophic nitrifiers from utilizing NH4+ as long as NH4+ availability is low. C/N ratio (dpeaa)DE-He213 Forest soil (dpeaa)DE-He213 Gross mineralization rate (dpeaa)DE-He213 Gross nitrification rate (dpeaa)DE-He213 Heterotrophic nitrification (dpeaa)DE-He213 Koba, Keisuke verfasserin aut Isobe, Kazuo verfasserin aut Tateno, Ryunosuke verfasserin aut Nakanishi, Asami verfasserin aut Inagaki, Yoshiyuki verfasserin aut Toda, Hiroto verfasserin aut Otsuka, Shigeto verfasserin aut Senoo, Keishi verfasserin aut Suwa, Yuichi verfasserin aut Yoh, Muneoki verfasserin aut Urakawa, Rieko verfasserin aut Shibata, Hideaki verfasserin aut Enthalten in Journal of forest research Tokyo : Springer, 1996 16(2011), 5 vom: 17. Aug. (DE-627)363744819 (DE-600)2104467-3 1610-7403 nnns volume:16 year:2011 number:5 day:17 month:08 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10310-011-0287-0 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OPC-FOR SSG-OPC-ASE GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_266 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2070 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4277 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4700 48.40 ASE AR 16 2011 5 17 08 |
| allfields_unstemmed |
10.1007/s10310-011-0287-0 doi (DE-627)SPR009423087 (SPR)s10310-011-0287-0-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 630 ASE 630 640 ASE 48.40 bkl Kuroiwa, Megumi verfasserin aut Gross nitrification rates in four Japanese forest soils: heterotrophic versus autotrophic and the regulation factors for the nitrification 2011 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Measurements of gross NH4+ and NO3− production in forest soils were conducted using the 15N pool dilution method. Mineral topsoils (0–10 cm depth) were collected from four forests from northern to southern Japan with a natural climate gradient to elucidate the mechanisms regulating gross nitrification rates in forest soils. Additionally, we attempted to evaluate the relative importance of heterotrophic nitrification in gross total nitrification using acetylene as a specific inhibitor of autotrophic nitrification. Distinct differences were found among sites in the gross rates of NH4+ production (3.1–11.4 mg N $ kg^{−1} $ $ day^{−1} $) and gross total nitrification (0.0–6.1 mg N $ kg^{−1} $ $ day^{−1} $). The rates of gross heterotrophic nitrification were low in this study, indicating that heterotrophic nitrification is of minor importance in most forest mineral topsoils in Japan. Significant relations were found between gross autotrophic nitrification and gross NH4+ production, soil N, and soil C concentrations, but none was found between gross autotrophic nitrification and soil pH. We determined the critical value of the gross NH4+ production rates for gross autotrophic nitrification under which no gross autotrophic nitrification occurred, as well as the critical soil C/N ratio above which gross autotrophic nitrification ceased. Results show that tight coupling of production and consumption of NH4+ prevents autotrophic nitrifiers from utilizing NH4+ as long as NH4+ availability is low. C/N ratio (dpeaa)DE-He213 Forest soil (dpeaa)DE-He213 Gross mineralization rate (dpeaa)DE-He213 Gross nitrification rate (dpeaa)DE-He213 Heterotrophic nitrification (dpeaa)DE-He213 Koba, Keisuke verfasserin aut Isobe, Kazuo verfasserin aut Tateno, Ryunosuke verfasserin aut Nakanishi, Asami verfasserin aut Inagaki, Yoshiyuki verfasserin aut Toda, Hiroto verfasserin aut Otsuka, Shigeto verfasserin aut Senoo, Keishi verfasserin aut Suwa, Yuichi verfasserin aut Yoh, Muneoki verfasserin aut Urakawa, Rieko verfasserin aut Shibata, Hideaki verfasserin aut Enthalten in Journal of forest research Tokyo : Springer, 1996 16(2011), 5 vom: 17. Aug. (DE-627)363744819 (DE-600)2104467-3 1610-7403 nnns volume:16 year:2011 number:5 day:17 month:08 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10310-011-0287-0 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OPC-FOR SSG-OPC-ASE GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_266 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2070 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4277 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4700 48.40 ASE AR 16 2011 5 17 08 |
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Enthalten in Journal of forest research 16(2011), 5 vom: 17. Aug. volume:16 year:2011 number:5 day:17 month:08 |
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Kuroiwa, Megumi @@aut@@ Koba, Keisuke @@aut@@ Isobe, Kazuo @@aut@@ Tateno, Ryunosuke @@aut@@ Nakanishi, Asami @@aut@@ Inagaki, Yoshiyuki @@aut@@ Toda, Hiroto @@aut@@ Otsuka, Shigeto @@aut@@ Senoo, Keishi @@aut@@ Suwa, Yuichi @@aut@@ Yoh, Muneoki @@aut@@ Urakawa, Rieko @@aut@@ Shibata, Hideaki @@aut@@ |
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2011-08-17T00:00:00Z |
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Gross nitrification rates in four Japanese forest soils: heterotrophic versus autotrophic and the regulation factors for the nitrification |
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Gross nitrification rates in four Japanese forest soils: heterotrophic versus autotrophic and the regulation factors for the nitrification |
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Kuroiwa, Megumi Koba, Keisuke Isobe, Kazuo Tateno, Ryunosuke Nakanishi, Asami Inagaki, Yoshiyuki Toda, Hiroto Otsuka, Shigeto Senoo, Keishi Suwa, Yuichi Yoh, Muneoki Urakawa, Rieko Shibata, Hideaki |
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gross nitrification rates in four japanese forest soils: heterotrophic versus autotrophic and the regulation factors for the nitrification |
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Gross nitrification rates in four Japanese forest soils: heterotrophic versus autotrophic and the regulation factors for the nitrification |
| abstract |
Abstract Measurements of gross NH4+ and NO3− production in forest soils were conducted using the 15N pool dilution method. Mineral topsoils (0–10 cm depth) were collected from four forests from northern to southern Japan with a natural climate gradient to elucidate the mechanisms regulating gross nitrification rates in forest soils. Additionally, we attempted to evaluate the relative importance of heterotrophic nitrification in gross total nitrification using acetylene as a specific inhibitor of autotrophic nitrification. Distinct differences were found among sites in the gross rates of NH4+ production (3.1–11.4 mg N $ kg^{−1} $ $ day^{−1} $) and gross total nitrification (0.0–6.1 mg N $ kg^{−1} $ $ day^{−1} $). The rates of gross heterotrophic nitrification were low in this study, indicating that heterotrophic nitrification is of minor importance in most forest mineral topsoils in Japan. Significant relations were found between gross autotrophic nitrification and gross NH4+ production, soil N, and soil C concentrations, but none was found between gross autotrophic nitrification and soil pH. We determined the critical value of the gross NH4+ production rates for gross autotrophic nitrification under which no gross autotrophic nitrification occurred, as well as the critical soil C/N ratio above which gross autotrophic nitrification ceased. Results show that tight coupling of production and consumption of NH4+ prevents autotrophic nitrifiers from utilizing NH4+ as long as NH4+ availability is low. |
| abstractGer |
Abstract Measurements of gross NH4+ and NO3− production in forest soils were conducted using the 15N pool dilution method. Mineral topsoils (0–10 cm depth) were collected from four forests from northern to southern Japan with a natural climate gradient to elucidate the mechanisms regulating gross nitrification rates in forest soils. Additionally, we attempted to evaluate the relative importance of heterotrophic nitrification in gross total nitrification using acetylene as a specific inhibitor of autotrophic nitrification. Distinct differences were found among sites in the gross rates of NH4+ production (3.1–11.4 mg N $ kg^{−1} $ $ day^{−1} $) and gross total nitrification (0.0–6.1 mg N $ kg^{−1} $ $ day^{−1} $). The rates of gross heterotrophic nitrification were low in this study, indicating that heterotrophic nitrification is of minor importance in most forest mineral topsoils in Japan. Significant relations were found between gross autotrophic nitrification and gross NH4+ production, soil N, and soil C concentrations, but none was found between gross autotrophic nitrification and soil pH. We determined the critical value of the gross NH4+ production rates for gross autotrophic nitrification under which no gross autotrophic nitrification occurred, as well as the critical soil C/N ratio above which gross autotrophic nitrification ceased. Results show that tight coupling of production and consumption of NH4+ prevents autotrophic nitrifiers from utilizing NH4+ as long as NH4+ availability is low. |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Abstract Measurements of gross NH4+ and NO3− production in forest soils were conducted using the 15N pool dilution method. Mineral topsoils (0–10 cm depth) were collected from four forests from northern to southern Japan with a natural climate gradient to elucidate the mechanisms regulating gross nitrification rates in forest soils. Additionally, we attempted to evaluate the relative importance of heterotrophic nitrification in gross total nitrification using acetylene as a specific inhibitor of autotrophic nitrification. Distinct differences were found among sites in the gross rates of NH4+ production (3.1–11.4 mg N $ kg^{−1} $ $ day^{−1} $) and gross total nitrification (0.0–6.1 mg N $ kg^{−1} $ $ day^{−1} $). The rates of gross heterotrophic nitrification were low in this study, indicating that heterotrophic nitrification is of minor importance in most forest mineral topsoils in Japan. Significant relations were found between gross autotrophic nitrification and gross NH4+ production, soil N, and soil C concentrations, but none was found between gross autotrophic nitrification and soil pH. We determined the critical value of the gross NH4+ production rates for gross autotrophic nitrification under which no gross autotrophic nitrification occurred, as well as the critical soil C/N ratio above which gross autotrophic nitrification ceased. Results show that tight coupling of production and consumption of NH4+ prevents autotrophic nitrifiers from utilizing NH4+ as long as NH4+ availability is low. |
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Gross nitrification rates in four Japanese forest soils: heterotrophic versus autotrophic and the regulation factors for the nitrification |
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Mineral topsoils (0–10 cm depth) were collected from four forests from northern to southern Japan with a natural climate gradient to elucidate the mechanisms regulating gross nitrification rates in forest soils. Additionally, we attempted to evaluate the relative importance of heterotrophic nitrification in gross total nitrification using acetylene as a specific inhibitor of autotrophic nitrification. Distinct differences were found among sites in the gross rates of NH4+ production (3.1–11.4 mg N $ kg^{−1} $ $ day^{−1} $) and gross total nitrification (0.0–6.1 mg N $ kg^{−1} $ $ day^{−1} $). The rates of gross heterotrophic nitrification were low in this study, indicating that heterotrophic nitrification is of minor importance in most forest mineral topsoils in Japan. Significant relations were found between gross autotrophic nitrification and gross NH4+ production, soil N, and soil C concentrations, but none was found between gross autotrophic nitrification and soil pH. We determined the critical value of the gross NH4+ production rates for gross autotrophic nitrification under which no gross autotrophic nitrification occurred, as well as the critical soil C/N ratio above which gross autotrophic nitrification ceased. 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