Habitat management varying in space and time: the effects of grazing and fire management on marshland birds

Abstract Freshwater wetlands and marshes with extensive reed beds are important hotspots of biological diversity, but in the absence of proper management, they are subject to biotic homogenisation. We assessed the impact of spatiotemporally variable management by cattle grazing (for 4 years) and late-summer burning (1 or 3 years before the study) on both songbirds and non-passerines in a previously homogeneous reed bed. We surveyed birds using a combination of line transects and point counts in a quasi-experimental design comprising six treatment levels. Management increased both the diversity of marsh habitats and the diversity of bird species. The species richness and abundance of non-passerines (ducks and geese, wading birds, gulls and terns, rails, coots and grebes) was higher in recently burned than in unburned or old-burned patches. Species richness of farmland songbirds was higher in grazed than in non-grazed patches, and the richness and abundance of reed songbirds was higher in unburned, old-burned, and grazed patches than in recently burned patches. Total Shannon diversity and evenness of birds was lowest in areas with the most intensive treatment (patches grazed and twice-burned), whereas Simpson diversity was highest in these areas. Non-managed patches had fewer species and individuals of all groups except reed songbirds. The proportion of old reed was low in recently burned and grazed patches, and was similarly high in all other treatment areas. No other property of reed stands was influenced by management, and both the allocation and the effect of management were independent of water level. Spatiotemporally variable management by cattle grazing and late-summer burning may thus simultaneously benefit several groups of birds. The effect of burning alone disappeared in 3 years, even in the presence of grazing; thus it must be repeated every 2–3 years. We conclude that both management actions are necessary to establish and maintain highly diverse habitats for marshland bird communities. Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Mérő, Thomas Oliver [verfasserIn] Lontay, László [verfasserIn] Lengyel, Szabolcs [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2015

Schlagwörter:	Habitat diversity Habitat heterogeneity Hortobágy National Park Intermediate disturbance hypothesis Mosaic vegetation Salt marsh

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Journal für Ornithologie - Oxford : Blackwell, 1853, 156(2015), 3 vom: 15. März, Seite 579-590
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:156 ; year:2015 ; number:3 ; day:15 ; month:03 ; pages:579-590

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1007/s10336-015-1202-9

Katalog-ID:	SPR009508848

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spelling	10.1007/s10336-015-1202-9 doi (DE-627)SPR009508848 (SPR)s10336-015-1202-9-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 590 ASE 42.83 bkl Mérő, Thomas Oliver verfasserin aut Habitat management varying in space and time: the effects of grazing and fire management on marshland birds 2015 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Freshwater wetlands and marshes with extensive reed beds are important hotspots of biological diversity, but in the absence of proper management, they are subject to biotic homogenisation. We assessed the impact of spatiotemporally variable management by cattle grazing (for 4 years) and late-summer burning (1 or 3 years before the study) on both songbirds and non-passerines in a previously homogeneous reed bed. We surveyed birds using a combination of line transects and point counts in a quasi-experimental design comprising six treatment levels. Management increased both the diversity of marsh habitats and the diversity of bird species. The species richness and abundance of non-passerines (ducks and geese, wading birds, gulls and terns, rails, coots and grebes) was higher in recently burned than in unburned or old-burned patches. Species richness of farmland songbirds was higher in grazed than in non-grazed patches, and the richness and abundance of reed songbirds was higher in unburned, old-burned, and grazed patches than in recently burned patches. Total Shannon diversity and evenness of birds was lowest in areas with the most intensive treatment (patches grazed and twice-burned), whereas Simpson diversity was highest in these areas. Non-managed patches had fewer species and individuals of all groups except reed songbirds. The proportion of old reed was low in recently burned and grazed patches, and was similarly high in all other treatment areas. No other property of reed stands was influenced by management, and both the allocation and the effect of management were independent of water level. Spatiotemporally variable management by cattle grazing and late-summer burning may thus simultaneously benefit several groups of birds. The effect of burning alone disappeared in 3 years, even in the presence of grazing; thus it must be repeated every 2–3 years. We conclude that both management actions are necessary to establish and maintain highly diverse habitats for marshland bird communities. Habitat diversity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Habitat heterogeneity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Hortobágy National Park (dpeaa)DE-He213 Intermediate disturbance hypothesis (dpeaa)DE-He213 Mosaic vegetation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Salt marsh (dpeaa)DE-He213 Lontay, László verfasserin aut Lengyel, Szabolcs verfasserin aut Enthalten in Journal für Ornithologie Oxford : Blackwell, 1853 156(2015), 3 vom: 15. März, Seite 579-590 (DE-627)323607284 (DE-600)2026338-7 1439-0361 nnns volume:156 year:2015 number:3 day:15 month:03 pages:579-590 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10336-015-1202-9 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4305 42.83 ASE AR 156 2015 3 15 03 579-590
allfields_unstemmed	10.1007/s10336-015-1202-9 doi (DE-627)SPR009508848 (SPR)s10336-015-1202-9-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 590 ASE 42.83 bkl Mérő, Thomas Oliver verfasserin aut Habitat management varying in space and time: the effects of grazing and fire management on marshland birds 2015 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Freshwater wetlands and marshes with extensive reed beds are important hotspots of biological diversity, but in the absence of proper management, they are subject to biotic homogenisation. We assessed the impact of spatiotemporally variable management by cattle grazing (for 4 years) and late-summer burning (1 or 3 years before the study) on both songbirds and non-passerines in a previously homogeneous reed bed. We surveyed birds using a combination of line transects and point counts in a quasi-experimental design comprising six treatment levels. Management increased both the diversity of marsh habitats and the diversity of bird species. The species richness and abundance of non-passerines (ducks and geese, wading birds, gulls and terns, rails, coots and grebes) was higher in recently burned than in unburned or old-burned patches. Species richness of farmland songbirds was higher in grazed than in non-grazed patches, and the richness and abundance of reed songbirds was higher in unburned, old-burned, and grazed patches than in recently burned patches. Total Shannon diversity and evenness of birds was lowest in areas with the most intensive treatment (patches grazed and twice-burned), whereas Simpson diversity was highest in these areas. Non-managed patches had fewer species and individuals of all groups except reed songbirds. The proportion of old reed was low in recently burned and grazed patches, and was similarly high in all other treatment areas. No other property of reed stands was influenced by management, and both the allocation and the effect of management were independent of water level. Spatiotemporally variable management by cattle grazing and late-summer burning may thus simultaneously benefit several groups of birds. The effect of burning alone disappeared in 3 years, even in the presence of grazing; thus it must be repeated every 2–3 years. We conclude that both management actions are necessary to establish and maintain highly diverse habitats for marshland bird communities. Habitat diversity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Habitat heterogeneity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Hortobágy National Park (dpeaa)DE-He213 Intermediate disturbance hypothesis (dpeaa)DE-He213 Mosaic vegetation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Salt marsh (dpeaa)DE-He213 Lontay, László verfasserin aut Lengyel, Szabolcs verfasserin aut Enthalten in Journal für Ornithologie Oxford : Blackwell, 1853 156(2015), 3 vom: 15. März, Seite 579-590 (DE-627)323607284 (DE-600)2026338-7 1439-0361 nnns volume:156 year:2015 number:3 day:15 month:03 pages:579-590 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10336-015-1202-9 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4305 42.83 ASE AR 156 2015 3 15 03 579-590
allfieldsGer	10.1007/s10336-015-1202-9 doi (DE-627)SPR009508848 (SPR)s10336-015-1202-9-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 590 ASE 42.83 bkl Mérő, Thomas Oliver verfasserin aut Habitat management varying in space and time: the effects of grazing and fire management on marshland birds 2015 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Freshwater wetlands and marshes with extensive reed beds are important hotspots of biological diversity, but in the absence of proper management, they are subject to biotic homogenisation. We assessed the impact of spatiotemporally variable management by cattle grazing (for 4 years) and late-summer burning (1 or 3 years before the study) on both songbirds and non-passerines in a previously homogeneous reed bed. We surveyed birds using a combination of line transects and point counts in a quasi-experimental design comprising six treatment levels. Management increased both the diversity of marsh habitats and the diversity of bird species. The species richness and abundance of non-passerines (ducks and geese, wading birds, gulls and terns, rails, coots and grebes) was higher in recently burned than in unburned or old-burned patches. Species richness of farmland songbirds was higher in grazed than in non-grazed patches, and the richness and abundance of reed songbirds was higher in unburned, old-burned, and grazed patches than in recently burned patches. Total Shannon diversity and evenness of birds was lowest in areas with the most intensive treatment (patches grazed and twice-burned), whereas Simpson diversity was highest in these areas. Non-managed patches had fewer species and individuals of all groups except reed songbirds. The proportion of old reed was low in recently burned and grazed patches, and was similarly high in all other treatment areas. No other property of reed stands was influenced by management, and both the allocation and the effect of management were independent of water level. Spatiotemporally variable management by cattle grazing and late-summer burning may thus simultaneously benefit several groups of birds. The effect of burning alone disappeared in 3 years, even in the presence of grazing; thus it must be repeated every 2–3 years. We conclude that both management actions are necessary to establish and maintain highly diverse habitats for marshland bird communities. Habitat diversity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Habitat heterogeneity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Hortobágy National Park (dpeaa)DE-He213 Intermediate disturbance hypothesis (dpeaa)DE-He213 Mosaic vegetation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Salt marsh (dpeaa)DE-He213 Lontay, László verfasserin aut Lengyel, Szabolcs verfasserin aut Enthalten in Journal für Ornithologie Oxford : Blackwell, 1853 156(2015), 3 vom: 15. März, Seite 579-590 (DE-627)323607284 (DE-600)2026338-7 1439-0361 nnns volume:156 year:2015 number:3 day:15 month:03 pages:579-590 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10336-015-1202-9 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4305 42.83 ASE AR 156 2015 3 15 03 579-590
allfieldsSound	10.1007/s10336-015-1202-9 doi (DE-627)SPR009508848 (SPR)s10336-015-1202-9-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 590 ASE 42.83 bkl Mérő, Thomas Oliver verfasserin aut Habitat management varying in space and time: the effects of grazing and fire management on marshland birds 2015 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Freshwater wetlands and marshes with extensive reed beds are important hotspots of biological diversity, but in the absence of proper management, they are subject to biotic homogenisation. We assessed the impact of spatiotemporally variable management by cattle grazing (for 4 years) and late-summer burning (1 or 3 years before the study) on both songbirds and non-passerines in a previously homogeneous reed bed. We surveyed birds using a combination of line transects and point counts in a quasi-experimental design comprising six treatment levels. Management increased both the diversity of marsh habitats and the diversity of bird species. The species richness and abundance of non-passerines (ducks and geese, wading birds, gulls and terns, rails, coots and grebes) was higher in recently burned than in unburned or old-burned patches. Species richness of farmland songbirds was higher in grazed than in non-grazed patches, and the richness and abundance of reed songbirds was higher in unburned, old-burned, and grazed patches than in recently burned patches. Total Shannon diversity and evenness of birds was lowest in areas with the most intensive treatment (patches grazed and twice-burned), whereas Simpson diversity was highest in these areas. Non-managed patches had fewer species and individuals of all groups except reed songbirds. The proportion of old reed was low in recently burned and grazed patches, and was similarly high in all other treatment areas. No other property of reed stands was influenced by management, and both the allocation and the effect of management were independent of water level. Spatiotemporally variable management by cattle grazing and late-summer burning may thus simultaneously benefit several groups of birds. The effect of burning alone disappeared in 3 years, even in the presence of grazing; thus it must be repeated every 2–3 years. We conclude that both management actions are necessary to establish and maintain highly diverse habitats for marshland bird communities. Habitat diversity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Habitat heterogeneity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Hortobágy National Park (dpeaa)DE-He213 Intermediate disturbance hypothesis (dpeaa)DE-He213 Mosaic vegetation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Salt marsh (dpeaa)DE-He213 Lontay, László verfasserin aut Lengyel, Szabolcs verfasserin aut Enthalten in Journal für Ornithologie Oxford : Blackwell, 1853 156(2015), 3 vom: 15. März, Seite 579-590 (DE-627)323607284 (DE-600)2026338-7 1439-0361 nnns volume:156 year:2015 number:3 day:15 month:03 pages:579-590 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10336-015-1202-9 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4305 42.83 ASE AR 156 2015 3 15 03 579-590
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author	Mérő, Thomas Oliver
spellingShingle	Mérő, Thomas Oliver ddc 590 bkl 42.83 misc Habitat diversity misc Habitat heterogeneity misc Hortobágy National Park misc Intermediate disturbance hypothesis misc Mosaic vegetation misc Salt marsh Habitat management varying in space and time: the effects of grazing and fire management on marshland birds
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topic_title	590 ASE 42.83 bkl Habitat management varying in space and time: the effects of grazing and fire management on marshland birds Habitat diversity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Habitat heterogeneity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Hortobágy National Park (dpeaa)DE-He213 Intermediate disturbance hypothesis (dpeaa)DE-He213 Mosaic vegetation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Salt marsh (dpeaa)DE-He213
topic	ddc 590 bkl 42.83 misc Habitat diversity misc Habitat heterogeneity misc Hortobágy National Park misc Intermediate disturbance hypothesis misc Mosaic vegetation misc Salt marsh
topic_unstemmed	ddc 590 bkl 42.83 misc Habitat diversity misc Habitat heterogeneity misc Hortobágy National Park misc Intermediate disturbance hypothesis misc Mosaic vegetation misc Salt marsh
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title	Habitat management varying in space and time: the effects of grazing and fire management on marshland birds
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title_full	Habitat management varying in space and time: the effects of grazing and fire management on marshland birds
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author_browse	Mérő, Thomas Oliver Lontay, László Lengyel, Szabolcs
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title_sort	habitat management varying in space and time: the effects of grazing and fire management on marshland birds
title_auth	Habitat management varying in space and time: the effects of grazing and fire management on marshland birds
abstract	Abstract Freshwater wetlands and marshes with extensive reed beds are important hotspots of biological diversity, but in the absence of proper management, they are subject to biotic homogenisation. We assessed the impact of spatiotemporally variable management by cattle grazing (for 4 years) and late-summer burning (1 or 3 years before the study) on both songbirds and non-passerines in a previously homogeneous reed bed. We surveyed birds using a combination of line transects and point counts in a quasi-experimental design comprising six treatment levels. Management increased both the diversity of marsh habitats and the diversity of bird species. The species richness and abundance of non-passerines (ducks and geese, wading birds, gulls and terns, rails, coots and grebes) was higher in recently burned than in unburned or old-burned patches. Species richness of farmland songbirds was higher in grazed than in non-grazed patches, and the richness and abundance of reed songbirds was higher in unburned, old-burned, and grazed patches than in recently burned patches. Total Shannon diversity and evenness of birds was lowest in areas with the most intensive treatment (patches grazed and twice-burned), whereas Simpson diversity was highest in these areas. Non-managed patches had fewer species and individuals of all groups except reed songbirds. The proportion of old reed was low in recently burned and grazed patches, and was similarly high in all other treatment areas. No other property of reed stands was influenced by management, and both the allocation and the effect of management were independent of water level. Spatiotemporally variable management by cattle grazing and late-summer burning may thus simultaneously benefit several groups of birds. The effect of burning alone disappeared in 3 years, even in the presence of grazing; thus it must be repeated every 2–3 years. We conclude that both management actions are necessary to establish and maintain highly diverse habitats for marshland bird communities.
abstractGer	Abstract Freshwater wetlands and marshes with extensive reed beds are important hotspots of biological diversity, but in the absence of proper management, they are subject to biotic homogenisation. We assessed the impact of spatiotemporally variable management by cattle grazing (for 4 years) and late-summer burning (1 or 3 years before the study) on both songbirds and non-passerines in a previously homogeneous reed bed. We surveyed birds using a combination of line transects and point counts in a quasi-experimental design comprising six treatment levels. Management increased both the diversity of marsh habitats and the diversity of bird species. The species richness and abundance of non-passerines (ducks and geese, wading birds, gulls and terns, rails, coots and grebes) was higher in recently burned than in unburned or old-burned patches. Species richness of farmland songbirds was higher in grazed than in non-grazed patches, and the richness and abundance of reed songbirds was higher in unburned, old-burned, and grazed patches than in recently burned patches. Total Shannon diversity and evenness of birds was lowest in areas with the most intensive treatment (patches grazed and twice-burned), whereas Simpson diversity was highest in these areas. Non-managed patches had fewer species and individuals of all groups except reed songbirds. The proportion of old reed was low in recently burned and grazed patches, and was similarly high in all other treatment areas. No other property of reed stands was influenced by management, and both the allocation and the effect of management were independent of water level. Spatiotemporally variable management by cattle grazing and late-summer burning may thus simultaneously benefit several groups of birds. The effect of burning alone disappeared in 3 years, even in the presence of grazing; thus it must be repeated every 2–3 years. We conclude that both management actions are necessary to establish and maintain highly diverse habitats for marshland bird communities.
abstract_unstemmed	Abstract Freshwater wetlands and marshes with extensive reed beds are important hotspots of biological diversity, but in the absence of proper management, they are subject to biotic homogenisation. We assessed the impact of spatiotemporally variable management by cattle grazing (for 4 years) and late-summer burning (1 or 3 years before the study) on both songbirds and non-passerines in a previously homogeneous reed bed. We surveyed birds using a combination of line transects and point counts in a quasi-experimental design comprising six treatment levels. Management increased both the diversity of marsh habitats and the diversity of bird species. The species richness and abundance of non-passerines (ducks and geese, wading birds, gulls and terns, rails, coots and grebes) was higher in recently burned than in unburned or old-burned patches. Species richness of farmland songbirds was higher in grazed than in non-grazed patches, and the richness and abundance of reed songbirds was higher in unburned, old-burned, and grazed patches than in recently burned patches. Total Shannon diversity and evenness of birds was lowest in areas with the most intensive treatment (patches grazed and twice-burned), whereas Simpson diversity was highest in these areas. Non-managed patches had fewer species and individuals of all groups except reed songbirds. The proportion of old reed was low in recently burned and grazed patches, and was similarly high in all other treatment areas. No other property of reed stands was influenced by management, and both the allocation and the effect of management were independent of water level. Spatiotemporally variable management by cattle grazing and late-summer burning may thus simultaneously benefit several groups of birds. The effect of burning alone disappeared in 3 years, even in the presence of grazing; thus it must be repeated every 2–3 years. We conclude that both management actions are necessary to establish and maintain highly diverse habitats for marshland bird communities.
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title_short	Habitat management varying in space and time: the effects of grazing and fire management on marshland birds
url	https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10336-015-1202-9
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We assessed the impact of spatiotemporally variable management by cattle grazing (for 4 years) and late-summer burning (1 or 3 years before the study) on both songbirds and non-passerines in a previously homogeneous reed bed. We surveyed birds using a combination of line transects and point counts in a quasi-experimental design comprising six treatment levels. Management increased both the diversity of marsh habitats and the diversity of bird species. The species richness and abundance of non-passerines (ducks and geese, wading birds, gulls and terns, rails, coots and grebes) was higher in recently burned than in unburned or old-burned patches. Species richness of farmland songbirds was higher in grazed than in non-grazed patches, and the richness and abundance of reed songbirds was higher in unburned, old-burned, and grazed patches than in recently burned patches. Total Shannon diversity and evenness of birds was lowest in areas with the most intensive treatment (patches grazed and twice-burned), whereas Simpson diversity was highest in these areas. Non-managed patches had fewer species and individuals of all groups except reed songbirds. The proportion of old reed was low in recently burned and grazed patches, and was similarly high in all other treatment areas. No other property of reed stands was influenced by management, and both the allocation and the effect of management were independent of water level. Spatiotemporally variable management by cattle grazing and late-summer burning may thus simultaneously benefit several groups of birds. The effect of burning alone disappeared in 3 years, even in the presence of grazing; thus it must be repeated every 2–3 years. We conclude that both management actions are necessary to establish and maintain highly diverse habitats for marshland bird communities.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Habitat diversity</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Habitat heterogeneity</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Hortobágy National Park</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Intermediate disturbance hypothesis</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Mosaic vegetation</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Salt marsh</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Lontay, László</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Lengyel, Szabolcs</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Enthalten in</subfield><subfield code="t">Journal für Ornithologie</subfield><subfield code="d">Oxford : Blackwell, 1853</subfield><subfield code="g">156(2015), 3 vom: 15. 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Habitat management varying in space and time: the effects of grazing and fire management on marshland birds

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