Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis: Deactivation as a Function of Potassium Promoter Loading for Precipitated Iron Catalyst
Abstract The effect of potassium promoter loading (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 atomic ratio) on the performance of precipitated iron catalysts was investigated during Fischer–Tropsch synthesis using a continuously stirred tank reactor. Characterization by temperature-programmed reduction with CO, Mössbauer...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Pendyala, Venkat Ramana Rao [verfasserIn] Graham, Uschi M. [verfasserIn] Jacobs, Gary [verfasserIn] Hamdeh, Hussein H. [verfasserIn] Davis, Burtron H. [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2014 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Catalysis letters - Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V, 1988, 144(2014), 10 vom: 23. Aug., Seite 1704-1716 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:144 ; year:2014 ; number:10 ; day:23 ; month:08 ; pages:1704-1716 |
| Links: |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1007/s10562-014-1336-z |
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| Katalog-ID: |
SPR011339527 |
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| 520 | |a Abstract The effect of potassium promoter loading (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 atomic ratio) on the performance of precipitated iron catalysts was investigated during Fischer–Tropsch synthesis using a continuously stirred tank reactor. Characterization by temperature-programmed reduction with CO, Mössbauer effect spectroscopy, and transmission/scanning transmission electron microscopy were used to study the effect of potassium promoter interactions on the carburization, phase transformation and carbon layer formation behavior of the catalysts. Under similar reaction conditions, all four catalysts exhibited similar initial CO conversions (~85 %), whereas stability was found to increase with potassium loading up to 0.5 % (atomic ratio related to the iron), and further increases in potassium led to decreased activity. Unpromoted and excessively K loaded (2.0K/100Fe) catalysts exhibited similar deactivation trends with time and followed essentially similar conversion levels with time-on-stream. The selectivity of various potassium promoted catalysts was found to increase the average molecular weight of hydrocarbon products with increasing potassium loading. The deactivation rate was related to carbon deposition which could embed the iron carbide particles. If not enough K is present, Fe carbides tend to oxidize with TOS; with excessive K-loading, carbon deposition/site blocking become problematic. Graphical Abstract | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Fischer–Tropsch synthesis |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Iron catalyst |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Potassium loading |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Carbon layer formation |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Mössbauer spectroscopy |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Transmission electron microscopy |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Graham, Uschi M. |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Jacobs, Gary |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Hamdeh, Hussein H. |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Davis, Burtron H. |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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10.1007/s10562-014-1336-z doi (DE-627)SPR011339527 (SPR)s10562-014-1336-z-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 540 660 ASE 35.17 bkl Pendyala, Venkat Ramana Rao verfasserin aut Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis: Deactivation as a Function of Potassium Promoter Loading for Precipitated Iron Catalyst 2014 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract The effect of potassium promoter loading (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 atomic ratio) on the performance of precipitated iron catalysts was investigated during Fischer–Tropsch synthesis using a continuously stirred tank reactor. Characterization by temperature-programmed reduction with CO, Mössbauer effect spectroscopy, and transmission/scanning transmission electron microscopy were used to study the effect of potassium promoter interactions on the carburization, phase transformation and carbon layer formation behavior of the catalysts. Under similar reaction conditions, all four catalysts exhibited similar initial CO conversions (~85 %), whereas stability was found to increase with potassium loading up to 0.5 % (atomic ratio related to the iron), and further increases in potassium led to decreased activity. Unpromoted and excessively K loaded (2.0K/100Fe) catalysts exhibited similar deactivation trends with time and followed essentially similar conversion levels with time-on-stream. The selectivity of various potassium promoted catalysts was found to increase the average molecular weight of hydrocarbon products with increasing potassium loading. The deactivation rate was related to carbon deposition which could embed the iron carbide particles. If not enough K is present, Fe carbides tend to oxidize with TOS; with excessive K-loading, carbon deposition/site blocking become problematic. Graphical Abstract Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (dpeaa)DE-He213 Iron catalyst (dpeaa)DE-He213 Potassium loading (dpeaa)DE-He213 Carbon layer formation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Mössbauer spectroscopy (dpeaa)DE-He213 Transmission electron microscopy (dpeaa)DE-He213 Graham, Uschi M. verfasserin aut Jacobs, Gary verfasserin aut Hamdeh, Hussein H. verfasserin aut Davis, Burtron H. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Catalysis letters Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V, 1988 144(2014), 10 vom: 23. Aug., Seite 1704-1716 (DE-627)306717638 (DE-600)1501518-X 1572-879X nnns volume:144 year:2014 number:10 day:23 month:08 pages:1704-1716 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10562-014-1336-z lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2070 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 35.17 ASE AR 144 2014 10 23 08 1704-1716 |
| spelling |
10.1007/s10562-014-1336-z doi (DE-627)SPR011339527 (SPR)s10562-014-1336-z-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 540 660 ASE 35.17 bkl Pendyala, Venkat Ramana Rao verfasserin aut Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis: Deactivation as a Function of Potassium Promoter Loading for Precipitated Iron Catalyst 2014 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract The effect of potassium promoter loading (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 atomic ratio) on the performance of precipitated iron catalysts was investigated during Fischer–Tropsch synthesis using a continuously stirred tank reactor. Characterization by temperature-programmed reduction with CO, Mössbauer effect spectroscopy, and transmission/scanning transmission electron microscopy were used to study the effect of potassium promoter interactions on the carburization, phase transformation and carbon layer formation behavior of the catalysts. Under similar reaction conditions, all four catalysts exhibited similar initial CO conversions (~85 %), whereas stability was found to increase with potassium loading up to 0.5 % (atomic ratio related to the iron), and further increases in potassium led to decreased activity. Unpromoted and excessively K loaded (2.0K/100Fe) catalysts exhibited similar deactivation trends with time and followed essentially similar conversion levels with time-on-stream. The selectivity of various potassium promoted catalysts was found to increase the average molecular weight of hydrocarbon products with increasing potassium loading. The deactivation rate was related to carbon deposition which could embed the iron carbide particles. If not enough K is present, Fe carbides tend to oxidize with TOS; with excessive K-loading, carbon deposition/site blocking become problematic. Graphical Abstract Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (dpeaa)DE-He213 Iron catalyst (dpeaa)DE-He213 Potassium loading (dpeaa)DE-He213 Carbon layer formation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Mössbauer spectroscopy (dpeaa)DE-He213 Transmission electron microscopy (dpeaa)DE-He213 Graham, Uschi M. verfasserin aut Jacobs, Gary verfasserin aut Hamdeh, Hussein H. verfasserin aut Davis, Burtron H. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Catalysis letters Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V, 1988 144(2014), 10 vom: 23. Aug., Seite 1704-1716 (DE-627)306717638 (DE-600)1501518-X 1572-879X nnns volume:144 year:2014 number:10 day:23 month:08 pages:1704-1716 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10562-014-1336-z lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2070 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 35.17 ASE AR 144 2014 10 23 08 1704-1716 |
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10.1007/s10562-014-1336-z doi (DE-627)SPR011339527 (SPR)s10562-014-1336-z-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 540 660 ASE 35.17 bkl Pendyala, Venkat Ramana Rao verfasserin aut Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis: Deactivation as a Function of Potassium Promoter Loading for Precipitated Iron Catalyst 2014 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract The effect of potassium promoter loading (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 atomic ratio) on the performance of precipitated iron catalysts was investigated during Fischer–Tropsch synthesis using a continuously stirred tank reactor. Characterization by temperature-programmed reduction with CO, Mössbauer effect spectroscopy, and transmission/scanning transmission electron microscopy were used to study the effect of potassium promoter interactions on the carburization, phase transformation and carbon layer formation behavior of the catalysts. Under similar reaction conditions, all four catalysts exhibited similar initial CO conversions (~85 %), whereas stability was found to increase with potassium loading up to 0.5 % (atomic ratio related to the iron), and further increases in potassium led to decreased activity. Unpromoted and excessively K loaded (2.0K/100Fe) catalysts exhibited similar deactivation trends with time and followed essentially similar conversion levels with time-on-stream. The selectivity of various potassium promoted catalysts was found to increase the average molecular weight of hydrocarbon products with increasing potassium loading. The deactivation rate was related to carbon deposition which could embed the iron carbide particles. If not enough K is present, Fe carbides tend to oxidize with TOS; with excessive K-loading, carbon deposition/site blocking become problematic. Graphical Abstract Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (dpeaa)DE-He213 Iron catalyst (dpeaa)DE-He213 Potassium loading (dpeaa)DE-He213 Carbon layer formation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Mössbauer spectroscopy (dpeaa)DE-He213 Transmission electron microscopy (dpeaa)DE-He213 Graham, Uschi M. verfasserin aut Jacobs, Gary verfasserin aut Hamdeh, Hussein H. verfasserin aut Davis, Burtron H. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Catalysis letters Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V, 1988 144(2014), 10 vom: 23. Aug., Seite 1704-1716 (DE-627)306717638 (DE-600)1501518-X 1572-879X nnns volume:144 year:2014 number:10 day:23 month:08 pages:1704-1716 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10562-014-1336-z lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2070 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 35.17 ASE AR 144 2014 10 23 08 1704-1716 |
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10.1007/s10562-014-1336-z doi (DE-627)SPR011339527 (SPR)s10562-014-1336-z-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 540 660 ASE 35.17 bkl Pendyala, Venkat Ramana Rao verfasserin aut Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis: Deactivation as a Function of Potassium Promoter Loading for Precipitated Iron Catalyst 2014 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract The effect of potassium promoter loading (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 atomic ratio) on the performance of precipitated iron catalysts was investigated during Fischer–Tropsch synthesis using a continuously stirred tank reactor. Characterization by temperature-programmed reduction with CO, Mössbauer effect spectroscopy, and transmission/scanning transmission electron microscopy were used to study the effect of potassium promoter interactions on the carburization, phase transformation and carbon layer formation behavior of the catalysts. Under similar reaction conditions, all four catalysts exhibited similar initial CO conversions (~85 %), whereas stability was found to increase with potassium loading up to 0.5 % (atomic ratio related to the iron), and further increases in potassium led to decreased activity. Unpromoted and excessively K loaded (2.0K/100Fe) catalysts exhibited similar deactivation trends with time and followed essentially similar conversion levels with time-on-stream. The selectivity of various potassium promoted catalysts was found to increase the average molecular weight of hydrocarbon products with increasing potassium loading. The deactivation rate was related to carbon deposition which could embed the iron carbide particles. If not enough K is present, Fe carbides tend to oxidize with TOS; with excessive K-loading, carbon deposition/site blocking become problematic. Graphical Abstract Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (dpeaa)DE-He213 Iron catalyst (dpeaa)DE-He213 Potassium loading (dpeaa)DE-He213 Carbon layer formation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Mössbauer spectroscopy (dpeaa)DE-He213 Transmission electron microscopy (dpeaa)DE-He213 Graham, Uschi M. verfasserin aut Jacobs, Gary verfasserin aut Hamdeh, Hussein H. verfasserin aut Davis, Burtron H. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Catalysis letters Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V, 1988 144(2014), 10 vom: 23. Aug., Seite 1704-1716 (DE-627)306717638 (DE-600)1501518-X 1572-879X nnns volume:144 year:2014 number:10 day:23 month:08 pages:1704-1716 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10562-014-1336-z lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2070 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 35.17 ASE AR 144 2014 10 23 08 1704-1716 |
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10.1007/s10562-014-1336-z doi (DE-627)SPR011339527 (SPR)s10562-014-1336-z-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 540 660 ASE 35.17 bkl Pendyala, Venkat Ramana Rao verfasserin aut Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis: Deactivation as a Function of Potassium Promoter Loading for Precipitated Iron Catalyst 2014 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract The effect of potassium promoter loading (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 atomic ratio) on the performance of precipitated iron catalysts was investigated during Fischer–Tropsch synthesis using a continuously stirred tank reactor. Characterization by temperature-programmed reduction with CO, Mössbauer effect spectroscopy, and transmission/scanning transmission electron microscopy were used to study the effect of potassium promoter interactions on the carburization, phase transformation and carbon layer formation behavior of the catalysts. Under similar reaction conditions, all four catalysts exhibited similar initial CO conversions (~85 %), whereas stability was found to increase with potassium loading up to 0.5 % (atomic ratio related to the iron), and further increases in potassium led to decreased activity. Unpromoted and excessively K loaded (2.0K/100Fe) catalysts exhibited similar deactivation trends with time and followed essentially similar conversion levels with time-on-stream. The selectivity of various potassium promoted catalysts was found to increase the average molecular weight of hydrocarbon products with increasing potassium loading. The deactivation rate was related to carbon deposition which could embed the iron carbide particles. If not enough K is present, Fe carbides tend to oxidize with TOS; with excessive K-loading, carbon deposition/site blocking become problematic. Graphical Abstract Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (dpeaa)DE-He213 Iron catalyst (dpeaa)DE-He213 Potassium loading (dpeaa)DE-He213 Carbon layer formation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Mössbauer spectroscopy (dpeaa)DE-He213 Transmission electron microscopy (dpeaa)DE-He213 Graham, Uschi M. verfasserin aut Jacobs, Gary verfasserin aut Hamdeh, Hussein H. verfasserin aut Davis, Burtron H. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Catalysis letters Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V, 1988 144(2014), 10 vom: 23. Aug., Seite 1704-1716 (DE-627)306717638 (DE-600)1501518-X 1572-879X nnns volume:144 year:2014 number:10 day:23 month:08 pages:1704-1716 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10562-014-1336-z lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2070 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 35.17 ASE AR 144 2014 10 23 08 1704-1716 |
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Fischer–Tropsch synthesis Iron catalyst Potassium loading Carbon layer formation Mössbauer spectroscopy Transmission electron microscopy |
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Pendyala, Venkat Ramana Rao @@aut@@ Graham, Uschi M. @@aut@@ Jacobs, Gary @@aut@@ Hamdeh, Hussein H. @@aut@@ Davis, Burtron H. @@aut@@ |
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Characterization by temperature-programmed reduction with CO, Mössbauer effect spectroscopy, and transmission/scanning transmission electron microscopy were used to study the effect of potassium promoter interactions on the carburization, phase transformation and carbon layer formation behavior of the catalysts. Under similar reaction conditions, all four catalysts exhibited similar initial CO conversions (~85 %), whereas stability was found to increase with potassium loading up to 0.5 % (atomic ratio related to the iron), and further increases in potassium led to decreased activity. Unpromoted and excessively K loaded (2.0K/100Fe) catalysts exhibited similar deactivation trends with time and followed essentially similar conversion levels with time-on-stream. The selectivity of various potassium promoted catalysts was found to increase the average molecular weight of hydrocarbon products with increasing potassium loading. The deactivation rate was related to carbon deposition which could embed the iron carbide particles. If not enough K is present, Fe carbides tend to oxidize with TOS; with excessive K-loading, carbon deposition/site blocking become problematic. 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Pendyala, Venkat Ramana Rao |
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Pendyala, Venkat Ramana Rao ddc 540 bkl 35.17 misc Fischer–Tropsch synthesis misc Iron catalyst misc Potassium loading misc Carbon layer formation misc Mössbauer spectroscopy misc Transmission electron microscopy Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis: Deactivation as a Function of Potassium Promoter Loading for Precipitated Iron Catalyst |
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540 660 ASE 35.17 bkl Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis: Deactivation as a Function of Potassium Promoter Loading for Precipitated Iron Catalyst Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (dpeaa)DE-He213 Iron catalyst (dpeaa)DE-He213 Potassium loading (dpeaa)DE-He213 Carbon layer formation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Mössbauer spectroscopy (dpeaa)DE-He213 Transmission electron microscopy (dpeaa)DE-He213 |
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ddc 540 bkl 35.17 misc Fischer–Tropsch synthesis misc Iron catalyst misc Potassium loading misc Carbon layer formation misc Mössbauer spectroscopy misc Transmission electron microscopy |
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ddc 540 bkl 35.17 misc Fischer–Tropsch synthesis misc Iron catalyst misc Potassium loading misc Carbon layer formation misc Mössbauer spectroscopy misc Transmission electron microscopy |
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Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis: Deactivation as a Function of Potassium Promoter Loading for Precipitated Iron Catalyst |
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Pendyala, Venkat Ramana Rao |
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Pendyala, Venkat Ramana Rao Graham, Uschi M. Jacobs, Gary Hamdeh, Hussein H. Davis, Burtron H. |
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fischer–tropsch synthesis: deactivation as a function of potassium promoter loading for precipitated iron catalyst |
| title_auth |
Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis: Deactivation as a Function of Potassium Promoter Loading for Precipitated Iron Catalyst |
| abstract |
Abstract The effect of potassium promoter loading (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 atomic ratio) on the performance of precipitated iron catalysts was investigated during Fischer–Tropsch synthesis using a continuously stirred tank reactor. Characterization by temperature-programmed reduction with CO, Mössbauer effect spectroscopy, and transmission/scanning transmission electron microscopy were used to study the effect of potassium promoter interactions on the carburization, phase transformation and carbon layer formation behavior of the catalysts. Under similar reaction conditions, all four catalysts exhibited similar initial CO conversions (~85 %), whereas stability was found to increase with potassium loading up to 0.5 % (atomic ratio related to the iron), and further increases in potassium led to decreased activity. Unpromoted and excessively K loaded (2.0K/100Fe) catalysts exhibited similar deactivation trends with time and followed essentially similar conversion levels with time-on-stream. The selectivity of various potassium promoted catalysts was found to increase the average molecular weight of hydrocarbon products with increasing potassium loading. The deactivation rate was related to carbon deposition which could embed the iron carbide particles. If not enough K is present, Fe carbides tend to oxidize with TOS; with excessive K-loading, carbon deposition/site blocking become problematic. Graphical Abstract |
| abstractGer |
Abstract The effect of potassium promoter loading (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 atomic ratio) on the performance of precipitated iron catalysts was investigated during Fischer–Tropsch synthesis using a continuously stirred tank reactor. Characterization by temperature-programmed reduction with CO, Mössbauer effect spectroscopy, and transmission/scanning transmission electron microscopy were used to study the effect of potassium promoter interactions on the carburization, phase transformation and carbon layer formation behavior of the catalysts. Under similar reaction conditions, all four catalysts exhibited similar initial CO conversions (~85 %), whereas stability was found to increase with potassium loading up to 0.5 % (atomic ratio related to the iron), and further increases in potassium led to decreased activity. Unpromoted and excessively K loaded (2.0K/100Fe) catalysts exhibited similar deactivation trends with time and followed essentially similar conversion levels with time-on-stream. The selectivity of various potassium promoted catalysts was found to increase the average molecular weight of hydrocarbon products with increasing potassium loading. The deactivation rate was related to carbon deposition which could embed the iron carbide particles. If not enough K is present, Fe carbides tend to oxidize with TOS; with excessive K-loading, carbon deposition/site blocking become problematic. Graphical Abstract |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Abstract The effect of potassium promoter loading (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 atomic ratio) on the performance of precipitated iron catalysts was investigated during Fischer–Tropsch synthesis using a continuously stirred tank reactor. Characterization by temperature-programmed reduction with CO, Mössbauer effect spectroscopy, and transmission/scanning transmission electron microscopy were used to study the effect of potassium promoter interactions on the carburization, phase transformation and carbon layer formation behavior of the catalysts. Under similar reaction conditions, all four catalysts exhibited similar initial CO conversions (~85 %), whereas stability was found to increase with potassium loading up to 0.5 % (atomic ratio related to the iron), and further increases in potassium led to decreased activity. Unpromoted and excessively K loaded (2.0K/100Fe) catalysts exhibited similar deactivation trends with time and followed essentially similar conversion levels with time-on-stream. The selectivity of various potassium promoted catalysts was found to increase the average molecular weight of hydrocarbon products with increasing potassium loading. The deactivation rate was related to carbon deposition which could embed the iron carbide particles. If not enough K is present, Fe carbides tend to oxidize with TOS; with excessive K-loading, carbon deposition/site blocking become problematic. Graphical Abstract |
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Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis: Deactivation as a Function of Potassium Promoter Loading for Precipitated Iron Catalyst |
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Graham, Uschi M. Jacobs, Gary Hamdeh, Hussein H. Davis, Burtron H. |
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| score |
7.401143 |