Efficient one-pot synthesis of 3-methylindole from biomass-derived glycerol with aniline over Cu/$ SiO_{2} $ modified with ZnO and $ Fe_{2} %$ O_{3} $ and deep insight into the mechanism

Abstract An efficient catalyst of Cu/$ SiO_{2} $ modified with ZnO and $ Fe_{2} %$ O_{3} $ was constructed for the one-pot synthesis of 3-methylindole originating from biomass-derived glycerol with aniline. The structure and property of as-prepared Cu/$ SiO_{2} $–ZnO–$ Fe_{2} %$ O_{3} $ composite we...
Ausführliche Beschreibung

Abstract An efficient catalyst of Cu/$ SiO_{2} $ modified with ZnO and $ Fe_{2} %$ O_{3} $ was constructed for the one-pot synthesis of 3-methylindole originating from biomass-derived glycerol with aniline. The structure and property of as-prepared Cu/$ SiO_{2} $–ZnO–$ Fe_{2} %$ O_{3} $ composite were characterized by temperature programmed reduction of $ H_{2} $ ($ H_{2} $-TPR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), temperature programmed desorption (TPD) of $ NH_{3} $ and $ CO_{2} $, inductively coupled plasma (ICP) emission spectroscopy, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG–DTA). The results indicated that the interaction between copper and support was improved after adding ZnO to Cu/$ SiO_{2} $, as a result, Cu particles could be firmly anchored on the surface of $ SiO_{2} $–ZnO, which not only increased the dispersion of active component but also inhibited the aggregation or sintering of copper particles effectively. Meanwhile, the acid or base sites on the ZnO modified Cu/$ SiO_{2} $ catalyst significantly increased, which was beneficial to the hydrogenolysis of glycerol to acetol and 1,2-propanediol and promoted the synthesis of 3-methylindole. The introduction of $ Fe_{2} %$ O_{3} $ to Cu/$ SiO_{2} $–ZnO could promote the reduction of CuO and decrease the acidity of the catalyst, thereby the activity and stability of the catalyst were further improved. Under the optimized ZnO or $ Fe_{2} %$ O_{3} $ content of 0.100 or 0.030 mmol/g-$ SiO_{2} $, Cu/$ SiO_{2} $–ZnO–$ Fe_{2} %$ O_{3} $ exhibited excellent catalytic activity and long-term stability, which the yield of 3-methylindole was up to 73% and it was still more than 68% when the catalyst was reused four times. Moreover, the catalytic mechanism for the one-pot synthesis of 3-methylindole from glycerol and aniline over Cu/$ SiO_{2} $–ZnO–$ Fe_{2} %$ O_{3} $ was investigated in depth and a probable synthetic route was proposed based on the research of the catalytic reactions of glycerol, 1,2-propanediol or acetol with aniline as well as the hydrogenolysis of glycerol and the catalytic conversion of acetol, which both acetol and 1,2-propanediol were the intermediates for the production of 3-methylindole. Ausführliche Beschreibung

Autor*in:	Su, Jianhui [verfasserIn] Du, Xiufang [verfasserIn] Ke, Kuixia [verfasserIn] Qu, Yi [verfasserIn] Xing, Na [verfasserIn] Shi, Lei [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2019

Schlagwörter:	3-Methylindole Cu/SiO modified by ZnO and Fe O Catalytic mechanism Biomass-derived glycerol One-pot synthesis

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Reaction kinetics and catalysis letters - Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V, 1974, 128(2019), 1 vom: 29. Juli, Seite 361-377
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:128 ; year:2019 ; number:1 ; day:29 ; month:07 ; pages:361-377

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1007/s11144-019-01638-1

Katalog-ID:	SPR017085756