CMV immune evasion and manipulation of the immune system with aging
Abstract Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) encodes numerous proteins and microRNAs that function to evade the immune response and allow the virus to replicate and disseminate in the face of a competent innate and acquired immune system. The establishment of a latent infection by CMV, which if completely...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Autor*in: |
Jackson, Sarah E. [verfasserIn] Redeker, Anke [verfasserIn] Arens, Ramon [verfasserIn] van Baarle, Debbie [verfasserIn] van den Berg, Sara P. H. [verfasserIn] Benedict, Chris A. [verfasserIn] Čičin-Šain, Luka [verfasserIn] Hill, Ann B. [verfasserIn] Wills, Mark R. [verfasserIn] |
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E-Artikel |
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Sprache: |
Englisch |
Erschienen: |
2017 |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Age - New York, NY : Springer Science+Business Media, 1978, 39(2017), 3 vom: Juni, Seite 273-291 |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:39 ; year:2017 ; number:3 ; month:06 ; pages:273-291 |
Links: |
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DOI / URN: |
10.1007/s11357-017-9986-6 |
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Katalog-ID: |
SPR018906583 |
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520 | |a Abstract Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) encodes numerous proteins and microRNAs that function to evade the immune response and allow the virus to replicate and disseminate in the face of a competent innate and acquired immune system. The establishment of a latent infection by CMV, which if completely quiescent at the level of viral gene expression would represent an ultimate in immune evasion strategies, is not sufficient for lifelong persistence and dissemination of the virus. CMV needs to reactivate and replicate in a lytic cycle of infection in order to disseminate further, which occurs in the face of a fully primed secondary immune response. Without reactivation, latency itself would be redundant for the virus. It is also becoming clear that latency is not a totally quiescent state, but is characterized by limited viral gene expression. Therefore, the virus also needs immune evasion strategies during latency. An effective immune response to CMV is required or viral replication will cause morbidity and ultimately mortality in the host. There is clearly a complex balance between virus immune evasion and host immune recognition over a lifetime. This poses the important question of whether long-term evasion or manipulation of the immune response driven by CMV is detrimental to health. In this meeting report, three groups used the murine model of CMV (MCMV) to examine if the contribution of the virus to immune senescence is set by the (i) initial viral inoculum, (ii) inflation of T cell responses, (iii) or the balance between functionally distinct effector CD4+ T cells. The work of other groups studying the CMV response in humans is discussed. Their work asks whether the ability to make immune responses to new antigens is compromised by (i) age and HCMV carriage, (ii) long-term exposure to HCMV giving rise to an overall immunosuppressive environment and increased levels of latent virus, or (iii) adapted virus mutants (used as potential vaccines) that have the capacity to elicit conventional and unconventional T cell responses. | ||
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10.1007/s11357-017-9986-6 doi (DE-627)SPR018906583 (SPR)s11357-017-9986-6-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 ASE 44.68 bkl Jackson, Sarah E. verfasserin aut CMV immune evasion and manipulation of the immune system with aging 2017 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) encodes numerous proteins and microRNAs that function to evade the immune response and allow the virus to replicate and disseminate in the face of a competent innate and acquired immune system. The establishment of a latent infection by CMV, which if completely quiescent at the level of viral gene expression would represent an ultimate in immune evasion strategies, is not sufficient for lifelong persistence and dissemination of the virus. CMV needs to reactivate and replicate in a lytic cycle of infection in order to disseminate further, which occurs in the face of a fully primed secondary immune response. Without reactivation, latency itself would be redundant for the virus. It is also becoming clear that latency is not a totally quiescent state, but is characterized by limited viral gene expression. Therefore, the virus also needs immune evasion strategies during latency. An effective immune response to CMV is required or viral replication will cause morbidity and ultimately mortality in the host. There is clearly a complex balance between virus immune evasion and host immune recognition over a lifetime. This poses the important question of whether long-term evasion or manipulation of the immune response driven by CMV is detrimental to health. In this meeting report, three groups used the murine model of CMV (MCMV) to examine if the contribution of the virus to immune senescence is set by the (i) initial viral inoculum, (ii) inflation of T cell responses, (iii) or the balance between functionally distinct effector CD4+ T cells. The work of other groups studying the CMV response in humans is discussed. Their work asks whether the ability to make immune responses to new antigens is compromised by (i) age and HCMV carriage, (ii) long-term exposure to HCMV giving rise to an overall immunosuppressive environment and increased levels of latent virus, or (iii) adapted virus mutants (used as potential vaccines) that have the capacity to elicit conventional and unconventional T cell responses. Cytomegalovirus (dpeaa)DE-He213 Immune evasion (dpeaa)DE-He213 Aging (dpeaa)DE-He213 Immune manipulation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Redeker, Anke verfasserin aut Arens, Ramon verfasserin aut van Baarle, Debbie verfasserin aut van den Berg, Sara P. H. verfasserin aut Benedict, Chris A. verfasserin aut Čičin-Šain, Luka verfasserin aut Hill, Ann B. verfasserin aut Wills, Mark R. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Age New York, NY : Springer Science+Business Media, 1978 39(2017), 3 vom: Juni, Seite 273-291 (DE-627)499546180 (DE-600)2201958-3 1574-4647 nnns volume:39 year:2017 number:3 month:06 pages:273-291 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11357-017-9986-6 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_647 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4126 44.68 ASE AR 39 2017 3 06 273-291 |
spelling |
10.1007/s11357-017-9986-6 doi (DE-627)SPR018906583 (SPR)s11357-017-9986-6-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 ASE 44.68 bkl Jackson, Sarah E. verfasserin aut CMV immune evasion and manipulation of the immune system with aging 2017 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) encodes numerous proteins and microRNAs that function to evade the immune response and allow the virus to replicate and disseminate in the face of a competent innate and acquired immune system. The establishment of a latent infection by CMV, which if completely quiescent at the level of viral gene expression would represent an ultimate in immune evasion strategies, is not sufficient for lifelong persistence and dissemination of the virus. CMV needs to reactivate and replicate in a lytic cycle of infection in order to disseminate further, which occurs in the face of a fully primed secondary immune response. Without reactivation, latency itself would be redundant for the virus. It is also becoming clear that latency is not a totally quiescent state, but is characterized by limited viral gene expression. Therefore, the virus also needs immune evasion strategies during latency. An effective immune response to CMV is required or viral replication will cause morbidity and ultimately mortality in the host. There is clearly a complex balance between virus immune evasion and host immune recognition over a lifetime. This poses the important question of whether long-term evasion or manipulation of the immune response driven by CMV is detrimental to health. In this meeting report, three groups used the murine model of CMV (MCMV) to examine if the contribution of the virus to immune senescence is set by the (i) initial viral inoculum, (ii) inflation of T cell responses, (iii) or the balance between functionally distinct effector CD4+ T cells. The work of other groups studying the CMV response in humans is discussed. Their work asks whether the ability to make immune responses to new antigens is compromised by (i) age and HCMV carriage, (ii) long-term exposure to HCMV giving rise to an overall immunosuppressive environment and increased levels of latent virus, or (iii) adapted virus mutants (used as potential vaccines) that have the capacity to elicit conventional and unconventional T cell responses. Cytomegalovirus (dpeaa)DE-He213 Immune evasion (dpeaa)DE-He213 Aging (dpeaa)DE-He213 Immune manipulation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Redeker, Anke verfasserin aut Arens, Ramon verfasserin aut van Baarle, Debbie verfasserin aut van den Berg, Sara P. H. verfasserin aut Benedict, Chris A. verfasserin aut Čičin-Šain, Luka verfasserin aut Hill, Ann B. verfasserin aut Wills, Mark R. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Age New York, NY : Springer Science+Business Media, 1978 39(2017), 3 vom: Juni, Seite 273-291 (DE-627)499546180 (DE-600)2201958-3 1574-4647 nnns volume:39 year:2017 number:3 month:06 pages:273-291 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11357-017-9986-6 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_647 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4126 44.68 ASE AR 39 2017 3 06 273-291 |
allfields_unstemmed |
10.1007/s11357-017-9986-6 doi (DE-627)SPR018906583 (SPR)s11357-017-9986-6-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 ASE 44.68 bkl Jackson, Sarah E. verfasserin aut CMV immune evasion and manipulation of the immune system with aging 2017 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) encodes numerous proteins and microRNAs that function to evade the immune response and allow the virus to replicate and disseminate in the face of a competent innate and acquired immune system. The establishment of a latent infection by CMV, which if completely quiescent at the level of viral gene expression would represent an ultimate in immune evasion strategies, is not sufficient for lifelong persistence and dissemination of the virus. CMV needs to reactivate and replicate in a lytic cycle of infection in order to disseminate further, which occurs in the face of a fully primed secondary immune response. Without reactivation, latency itself would be redundant for the virus. It is also becoming clear that latency is not a totally quiescent state, but is characterized by limited viral gene expression. Therefore, the virus also needs immune evasion strategies during latency. An effective immune response to CMV is required or viral replication will cause morbidity and ultimately mortality in the host. There is clearly a complex balance between virus immune evasion and host immune recognition over a lifetime. This poses the important question of whether long-term evasion or manipulation of the immune response driven by CMV is detrimental to health. In this meeting report, three groups used the murine model of CMV (MCMV) to examine if the contribution of the virus to immune senescence is set by the (i) initial viral inoculum, (ii) inflation of T cell responses, (iii) or the balance between functionally distinct effector CD4+ T cells. The work of other groups studying the CMV response in humans is discussed. Their work asks whether the ability to make immune responses to new antigens is compromised by (i) age and HCMV carriage, (ii) long-term exposure to HCMV giving rise to an overall immunosuppressive environment and increased levels of latent virus, or (iii) adapted virus mutants (used as potential vaccines) that have the capacity to elicit conventional and unconventional T cell responses. Cytomegalovirus (dpeaa)DE-He213 Immune evasion (dpeaa)DE-He213 Aging (dpeaa)DE-He213 Immune manipulation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Redeker, Anke verfasserin aut Arens, Ramon verfasserin aut van Baarle, Debbie verfasserin aut van den Berg, Sara P. H. verfasserin aut Benedict, Chris A. verfasserin aut Čičin-Šain, Luka verfasserin aut Hill, Ann B. verfasserin aut Wills, Mark R. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Age New York, NY : Springer Science+Business Media, 1978 39(2017), 3 vom: Juni, Seite 273-291 (DE-627)499546180 (DE-600)2201958-3 1574-4647 nnns volume:39 year:2017 number:3 month:06 pages:273-291 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11357-017-9986-6 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_647 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4126 44.68 ASE AR 39 2017 3 06 273-291 |
allfieldsGer |
10.1007/s11357-017-9986-6 doi (DE-627)SPR018906583 (SPR)s11357-017-9986-6-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 ASE 44.68 bkl Jackson, Sarah E. verfasserin aut CMV immune evasion and manipulation of the immune system with aging 2017 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) encodes numerous proteins and microRNAs that function to evade the immune response and allow the virus to replicate and disseminate in the face of a competent innate and acquired immune system. The establishment of a latent infection by CMV, which if completely quiescent at the level of viral gene expression would represent an ultimate in immune evasion strategies, is not sufficient for lifelong persistence and dissemination of the virus. CMV needs to reactivate and replicate in a lytic cycle of infection in order to disseminate further, which occurs in the face of a fully primed secondary immune response. Without reactivation, latency itself would be redundant for the virus. It is also becoming clear that latency is not a totally quiescent state, but is characterized by limited viral gene expression. Therefore, the virus also needs immune evasion strategies during latency. An effective immune response to CMV is required or viral replication will cause morbidity and ultimately mortality in the host. There is clearly a complex balance between virus immune evasion and host immune recognition over a lifetime. This poses the important question of whether long-term evasion or manipulation of the immune response driven by CMV is detrimental to health. In this meeting report, three groups used the murine model of CMV (MCMV) to examine if the contribution of the virus to immune senescence is set by the (i) initial viral inoculum, (ii) inflation of T cell responses, (iii) or the balance between functionally distinct effector CD4+ T cells. The work of other groups studying the CMV response in humans is discussed. Their work asks whether the ability to make immune responses to new antigens is compromised by (i) age and HCMV carriage, (ii) long-term exposure to HCMV giving rise to an overall immunosuppressive environment and increased levels of latent virus, or (iii) adapted virus mutants (used as potential vaccines) that have the capacity to elicit conventional and unconventional T cell responses. Cytomegalovirus (dpeaa)DE-He213 Immune evasion (dpeaa)DE-He213 Aging (dpeaa)DE-He213 Immune manipulation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Redeker, Anke verfasserin aut Arens, Ramon verfasserin aut van Baarle, Debbie verfasserin aut van den Berg, Sara P. H. verfasserin aut Benedict, Chris A. verfasserin aut Čičin-Šain, Luka verfasserin aut Hill, Ann B. verfasserin aut Wills, Mark R. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Age New York, NY : Springer Science+Business Media, 1978 39(2017), 3 vom: Juni, Seite 273-291 (DE-627)499546180 (DE-600)2201958-3 1574-4647 nnns volume:39 year:2017 number:3 month:06 pages:273-291 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11357-017-9986-6 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_647 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4126 44.68 ASE AR 39 2017 3 06 273-291 |
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10.1007/s11357-017-9986-6 doi (DE-627)SPR018906583 (SPR)s11357-017-9986-6-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 ASE 44.68 bkl Jackson, Sarah E. verfasserin aut CMV immune evasion and manipulation of the immune system with aging 2017 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) encodes numerous proteins and microRNAs that function to evade the immune response and allow the virus to replicate and disseminate in the face of a competent innate and acquired immune system. The establishment of a latent infection by CMV, which if completely quiescent at the level of viral gene expression would represent an ultimate in immune evasion strategies, is not sufficient for lifelong persistence and dissemination of the virus. CMV needs to reactivate and replicate in a lytic cycle of infection in order to disseminate further, which occurs in the face of a fully primed secondary immune response. Without reactivation, latency itself would be redundant for the virus. It is also becoming clear that latency is not a totally quiescent state, but is characterized by limited viral gene expression. Therefore, the virus also needs immune evasion strategies during latency. An effective immune response to CMV is required or viral replication will cause morbidity and ultimately mortality in the host. There is clearly a complex balance between virus immune evasion and host immune recognition over a lifetime. This poses the important question of whether long-term evasion or manipulation of the immune response driven by CMV is detrimental to health. In this meeting report, three groups used the murine model of CMV (MCMV) to examine if the contribution of the virus to immune senescence is set by the (i) initial viral inoculum, (ii) inflation of T cell responses, (iii) or the balance between functionally distinct effector CD4+ T cells. The work of other groups studying the CMV response in humans is discussed. Their work asks whether the ability to make immune responses to new antigens is compromised by (i) age and HCMV carriage, (ii) long-term exposure to HCMV giving rise to an overall immunosuppressive environment and increased levels of latent virus, or (iii) adapted virus mutants (used as potential vaccines) that have the capacity to elicit conventional and unconventional T cell responses. Cytomegalovirus (dpeaa)DE-He213 Immune evasion (dpeaa)DE-He213 Aging (dpeaa)DE-He213 Immune manipulation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Redeker, Anke verfasserin aut Arens, Ramon verfasserin aut van Baarle, Debbie verfasserin aut van den Berg, Sara P. H. verfasserin aut Benedict, Chris A. verfasserin aut Čičin-Šain, Luka verfasserin aut Hill, Ann B. verfasserin aut Wills, Mark R. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Age New York, NY : Springer Science+Business Media, 1978 39(2017), 3 vom: Juni, Seite 273-291 (DE-627)499546180 (DE-600)2201958-3 1574-4647 nnns volume:39 year:2017 number:3 month:06 pages:273-291 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11357-017-9986-6 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_647 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4126 44.68 ASE AR 39 2017 3 06 273-291 |
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CMV immune evasion and manipulation of the immune system with aging |
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CMV immune evasion and manipulation of the immune system with aging |
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Jackson, Sarah E. |
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Jackson, Sarah E. Redeker, Anke Arens, Ramon van Baarle, Debbie van den Berg, Sara P. H. Benedict, Chris A. Čičin-Šain, Luka Hill, Ann B. Wills, Mark R. |
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cmv immune evasion and manipulation of the immune system with aging |
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CMV immune evasion and manipulation of the immune system with aging |
abstract |
Abstract Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) encodes numerous proteins and microRNAs that function to evade the immune response and allow the virus to replicate and disseminate in the face of a competent innate and acquired immune system. The establishment of a latent infection by CMV, which if completely quiescent at the level of viral gene expression would represent an ultimate in immune evasion strategies, is not sufficient for lifelong persistence and dissemination of the virus. CMV needs to reactivate and replicate in a lytic cycle of infection in order to disseminate further, which occurs in the face of a fully primed secondary immune response. Without reactivation, latency itself would be redundant for the virus. It is also becoming clear that latency is not a totally quiescent state, but is characterized by limited viral gene expression. Therefore, the virus also needs immune evasion strategies during latency. An effective immune response to CMV is required or viral replication will cause morbidity and ultimately mortality in the host. There is clearly a complex balance between virus immune evasion and host immune recognition over a lifetime. This poses the important question of whether long-term evasion or manipulation of the immune response driven by CMV is detrimental to health. In this meeting report, three groups used the murine model of CMV (MCMV) to examine if the contribution of the virus to immune senescence is set by the (i) initial viral inoculum, (ii) inflation of T cell responses, (iii) or the balance between functionally distinct effector CD4+ T cells. The work of other groups studying the CMV response in humans is discussed. Their work asks whether the ability to make immune responses to new antigens is compromised by (i) age and HCMV carriage, (ii) long-term exposure to HCMV giving rise to an overall immunosuppressive environment and increased levels of latent virus, or (iii) adapted virus mutants (used as potential vaccines) that have the capacity to elicit conventional and unconventional T cell responses. |
abstractGer |
Abstract Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) encodes numerous proteins and microRNAs that function to evade the immune response and allow the virus to replicate and disseminate in the face of a competent innate and acquired immune system. The establishment of a latent infection by CMV, which if completely quiescent at the level of viral gene expression would represent an ultimate in immune evasion strategies, is not sufficient for lifelong persistence and dissemination of the virus. CMV needs to reactivate and replicate in a lytic cycle of infection in order to disseminate further, which occurs in the face of a fully primed secondary immune response. Without reactivation, latency itself would be redundant for the virus. It is also becoming clear that latency is not a totally quiescent state, but is characterized by limited viral gene expression. Therefore, the virus also needs immune evasion strategies during latency. An effective immune response to CMV is required or viral replication will cause morbidity and ultimately mortality in the host. There is clearly a complex balance between virus immune evasion and host immune recognition over a lifetime. This poses the important question of whether long-term evasion or manipulation of the immune response driven by CMV is detrimental to health. In this meeting report, three groups used the murine model of CMV (MCMV) to examine if the contribution of the virus to immune senescence is set by the (i) initial viral inoculum, (ii) inflation of T cell responses, (iii) or the balance between functionally distinct effector CD4+ T cells. The work of other groups studying the CMV response in humans is discussed. Their work asks whether the ability to make immune responses to new antigens is compromised by (i) age and HCMV carriage, (ii) long-term exposure to HCMV giving rise to an overall immunosuppressive environment and increased levels of latent virus, or (iii) adapted virus mutants (used as potential vaccines) that have the capacity to elicit conventional and unconventional T cell responses. |
abstract_unstemmed |
Abstract Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) encodes numerous proteins and microRNAs that function to evade the immune response and allow the virus to replicate and disseminate in the face of a competent innate and acquired immune system. The establishment of a latent infection by CMV, which if completely quiescent at the level of viral gene expression would represent an ultimate in immune evasion strategies, is not sufficient for lifelong persistence and dissemination of the virus. CMV needs to reactivate and replicate in a lytic cycle of infection in order to disseminate further, which occurs in the face of a fully primed secondary immune response. Without reactivation, latency itself would be redundant for the virus. It is also becoming clear that latency is not a totally quiescent state, but is characterized by limited viral gene expression. Therefore, the virus also needs immune evasion strategies during latency. An effective immune response to CMV is required or viral replication will cause morbidity and ultimately mortality in the host. There is clearly a complex balance between virus immune evasion and host immune recognition over a lifetime. This poses the important question of whether long-term evasion or manipulation of the immune response driven by CMV is detrimental to health. In this meeting report, three groups used the murine model of CMV (MCMV) to examine if the contribution of the virus to immune senescence is set by the (i) initial viral inoculum, (ii) inflation of T cell responses, (iii) or the balance between functionally distinct effector CD4+ T cells. The work of other groups studying the CMV response in humans is discussed. Their work asks whether the ability to make immune responses to new antigens is compromised by (i) age and HCMV carriage, (ii) long-term exposure to HCMV giving rise to an overall immunosuppressive environment and increased levels of latent virus, or (iii) adapted virus mutants (used as potential vaccines) that have the capacity to elicit conventional and unconventional T cell responses. |
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CMV immune evasion and manipulation of the immune system with aging |
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Redeker, Anke Arens, Ramon van Baarle, Debbie van den Berg, Sara P. H. Benedict, Chris A. Čičin-Šain, Luka Hill, Ann B. Wills, Mark R. |
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