Long-term trends in foF2 over Moscow ionosonde station: Its estimate and origins

Abstract We introduce a new approach, using the International Reference Ionosphere 2007 (IRI-2007) model and observations from the Moscow ionosonde station, to analyze the long-term trends of ionospheric foF2. Possible origins, whether natural or manmade, are discussed. A small but significant resid...
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Autor*in:	Fang, HanXian [verfasserIn] Weng, LiBin [verfasserIn] Yang, ShengGao [verfasserIn] Wang, SiCheng [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2012

Schlagwörter:	ionosphere long-term trends IRI-2007 Moscow

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Chinese science bulletin - Beijing, China : Chinese Acad. of Sciences, 1997, 57(2012), 12 vom: Apr., Seite 1443-1448
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:57 ; year:2012 ; number:12 ; month:04 ; pages:1443-1448

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1007/s11434-012-5046-x

Katalog-ID:	SPR019427034

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245	1	0	\|a Long-term trends in foF2 over Moscow ionosonde station: Its estimate and origins
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520			\|a Abstract We introduce a new approach, using the International Reference Ionosphere 2007 (IRI-2007) model and observations from the Moscow ionosonde station, to analyze the long-term trends of ionospheric foF2. Possible origins, whether natural or manmade, are discussed. A small but significant residual foF2 trend is found, with −0.76 MHz over the past 50 years, but −0.2 MHz after eliminating the most variations caused by solar and geomagnetic activities and the variational earth’s magnetic field. We find that this slope depends on local time and seasons. There is a pronounced diurnal negative variation in k (annual mean slope of diurnal variations), with much larger absolute values in the morning than during afternoon or evening; the largest k is about −0.0018 per year in spring, and the smallest trend of about −0.0012 per year occurs in winter. Finally, the evidence of crucial influences of geomagnetic activity and the earth’s magnetic field on the observed trends, as emphasized by the IRI-2007 empirical model, is confirmed, and the effect of $ CO_{2} $ contributions to the trend is also discussed, by cooling the thermospheric temperature or recombining the electron density.
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author_variant	h f hf l w lw s y sy s w sw
matchkey_str	article:18619541:2012----::ogemrnsno2vrocwooodsaint
hierarchy_sort_str	2012
bklnumber	30.00
publishDate	2012
allfields	10.1007/s11434-012-5046-x doi (DE-627)SPR019427034 (SPR)s11434-012-5046-x-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 500 ASE 30.00 bkl Fang, HanXian verfasserin aut Long-term trends in foF2 over Moscow ionosonde station: Its estimate and origins 2012 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract We introduce a new approach, using the International Reference Ionosphere 2007 (IRI-2007) model and observations from the Moscow ionosonde station, to analyze the long-term trends of ionospheric foF2. Possible origins, whether natural or manmade, are discussed. A small but significant residual foF2 trend is found, with −0.76 MHz over the past 50 years, but −0.2 MHz after eliminating the most variations caused by solar and geomagnetic activities and the variational earth’s magnetic field. We find that this slope depends on local time and seasons. There is a pronounced diurnal negative variation in k (annual mean slope of diurnal variations), with much larger absolute values in the morning than during afternoon or evening; the largest k is about −0.0018 per year in spring, and the smallest trend of about −0.0012 per year occurs in winter. Finally, the evidence of crucial influences of geomagnetic activity and the earth’s magnetic field on the observed trends, as emphasized by the IRI-2007 empirical model, is confirmed, and the effect of $ CO_{2} $ contributions to the trend is also discussed, by cooling the thermospheric temperature or recombining the electron density. ionosphere (dpeaa)DE-He213 long-term trends (dpeaa)DE-He213 IRI-2007 (dpeaa)DE-He213 Moscow (dpeaa)DE-He213 Weng, LiBin verfasserin aut Yang, ShengGao verfasserin aut Wang, SiCheng verfasserin aut Enthalten in Chinese science bulletin Beijing, China : Chinese Acad. of Sciences, 1997 57(2012), 12 vom: Apr., Seite 1443-1448 (DE-627)341897809 (DE-600)2069521-4 1861-9541 nnns volume:57 year:2012 number:12 month:04 pages:1443-1448 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11434-012-5046-x kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_266 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2070 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 30.00 ASE AR 57 2012 12 04 1443-1448
spelling	10.1007/s11434-012-5046-x doi (DE-627)SPR019427034 (SPR)s11434-012-5046-x-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 500 ASE 30.00 bkl Fang, HanXian verfasserin aut Long-term trends in foF2 over Moscow ionosonde station: Its estimate and origins 2012 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract We introduce a new approach, using the International Reference Ionosphere 2007 (IRI-2007) model and observations from the Moscow ionosonde station, to analyze the long-term trends of ionospheric foF2. Possible origins, whether natural or manmade, are discussed. A small but significant residual foF2 trend is found, with −0.76 MHz over the past 50 years, but −0.2 MHz after eliminating the most variations caused by solar and geomagnetic activities and the variational earth’s magnetic field. We find that this slope depends on local time and seasons. There is a pronounced diurnal negative variation in k (annual mean slope of diurnal variations), with much larger absolute values in the morning than during afternoon or evening; the largest k is about −0.0018 per year in spring, and the smallest trend of about −0.0012 per year occurs in winter. Finally, the evidence of crucial influences of geomagnetic activity and the earth’s magnetic field on the observed trends, as emphasized by the IRI-2007 empirical model, is confirmed, and the effect of $ CO_{2} $ contributions to the trend is also discussed, by cooling the thermospheric temperature or recombining the electron density. ionosphere (dpeaa)DE-He213 long-term trends (dpeaa)DE-He213 IRI-2007 (dpeaa)DE-He213 Moscow (dpeaa)DE-He213 Weng, LiBin verfasserin aut Yang, ShengGao verfasserin aut Wang, SiCheng verfasserin aut Enthalten in Chinese science bulletin Beijing, China : Chinese Acad. of Sciences, 1997 57(2012), 12 vom: Apr., Seite 1443-1448 (DE-627)341897809 (DE-600)2069521-4 1861-9541 nnns volume:57 year:2012 number:12 month:04 pages:1443-1448 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11434-012-5046-x kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_266 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2070 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 30.00 ASE AR 57 2012 12 04 1443-1448
allfields_unstemmed	10.1007/s11434-012-5046-x doi (DE-627)SPR019427034 (SPR)s11434-012-5046-x-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 500 ASE 30.00 bkl Fang, HanXian verfasserin aut Long-term trends in foF2 over Moscow ionosonde station: Its estimate and origins 2012 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract We introduce a new approach, using the International Reference Ionosphere 2007 (IRI-2007) model and observations from the Moscow ionosonde station, to analyze the long-term trends of ionospheric foF2. Possible origins, whether natural or manmade, are discussed. A small but significant residual foF2 trend is found, with −0.76 MHz over the past 50 years, but −0.2 MHz after eliminating the most variations caused by solar and geomagnetic activities and the variational earth’s magnetic field. We find that this slope depends on local time and seasons. There is a pronounced diurnal negative variation in k (annual mean slope of diurnal variations), with much larger absolute values in the morning than during afternoon or evening; the largest k is about −0.0018 per year in spring, and the smallest trend of about −0.0012 per year occurs in winter. Finally, the evidence of crucial influences of geomagnetic activity and the earth’s magnetic field on the observed trends, as emphasized by the IRI-2007 empirical model, is confirmed, and the effect of $ CO_{2} $ contributions to the trend is also discussed, by cooling the thermospheric temperature or recombining the electron density. ionosphere (dpeaa)DE-He213 long-term trends (dpeaa)DE-He213 IRI-2007 (dpeaa)DE-He213 Moscow (dpeaa)DE-He213 Weng, LiBin verfasserin aut Yang, ShengGao verfasserin aut Wang, SiCheng verfasserin aut Enthalten in Chinese science bulletin Beijing, China : Chinese Acad. of Sciences, 1997 57(2012), 12 vom: Apr., Seite 1443-1448 (DE-627)341897809 (DE-600)2069521-4 1861-9541 nnns volume:57 year:2012 number:12 month:04 pages:1443-1448 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11434-012-5046-x kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_266 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2070 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 30.00 ASE AR 57 2012 12 04 1443-1448
allfieldsGer	10.1007/s11434-012-5046-x doi (DE-627)SPR019427034 (SPR)s11434-012-5046-x-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 500 ASE 30.00 bkl Fang, HanXian verfasserin aut Long-term trends in foF2 over Moscow ionosonde station: Its estimate and origins 2012 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract We introduce a new approach, using the International Reference Ionosphere 2007 (IRI-2007) model and observations from the Moscow ionosonde station, to analyze the long-term trends of ionospheric foF2. Possible origins, whether natural or manmade, are discussed. A small but significant residual foF2 trend is found, with −0.76 MHz over the past 50 years, but −0.2 MHz after eliminating the most variations caused by solar and geomagnetic activities and the variational earth’s magnetic field. We find that this slope depends on local time and seasons. There is a pronounced diurnal negative variation in k (annual mean slope of diurnal variations), with much larger absolute values in the morning than during afternoon or evening; the largest k is about −0.0018 per year in spring, and the smallest trend of about −0.0012 per year occurs in winter. Finally, the evidence of crucial influences of geomagnetic activity and the earth’s magnetic field on the observed trends, as emphasized by the IRI-2007 empirical model, is confirmed, and the effect of $ CO_{2} $ contributions to the trend is also discussed, by cooling the thermospheric temperature or recombining the electron density. ionosphere (dpeaa)DE-He213 long-term trends (dpeaa)DE-He213 IRI-2007 (dpeaa)DE-He213 Moscow (dpeaa)DE-He213 Weng, LiBin verfasserin aut Yang, ShengGao verfasserin aut Wang, SiCheng verfasserin aut Enthalten in Chinese science bulletin Beijing, China : Chinese Acad. of Sciences, 1997 57(2012), 12 vom: Apr., Seite 1443-1448 (DE-627)341897809 (DE-600)2069521-4 1861-9541 nnns volume:57 year:2012 number:12 month:04 pages:1443-1448 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11434-012-5046-x kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_266 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2070 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 30.00 ASE AR 57 2012 12 04 1443-1448
allfieldsSound	10.1007/s11434-012-5046-x doi (DE-627)SPR019427034 (SPR)s11434-012-5046-x-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 500 ASE 30.00 bkl Fang, HanXian verfasserin aut Long-term trends in foF2 over Moscow ionosonde station: Its estimate and origins 2012 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract We introduce a new approach, using the International Reference Ionosphere 2007 (IRI-2007) model and observations from the Moscow ionosonde station, to analyze the long-term trends of ionospheric foF2. Possible origins, whether natural or manmade, are discussed. A small but significant residual foF2 trend is found, with −0.76 MHz over the past 50 years, but −0.2 MHz after eliminating the most variations caused by solar and geomagnetic activities and the variational earth’s magnetic field. We find that this slope depends on local time and seasons. There is a pronounced diurnal negative variation in k (annual mean slope of diurnal variations), with much larger absolute values in the morning than during afternoon or evening; the largest k is about −0.0018 per year in spring, and the smallest trend of about −0.0012 per year occurs in winter. Finally, the evidence of crucial influences of geomagnetic activity and the earth’s magnetic field on the observed trends, as emphasized by the IRI-2007 empirical model, is confirmed, and the effect of $ CO_{2} $ contributions to the trend is also discussed, by cooling the thermospheric temperature or recombining the electron density. ionosphere (dpeaa)DE-He213 long-term trends (dpeaa)DE-He213 IRI-2007 (dpeaa)DE-He213 Moscow (dpeaa)DE-He213 Weng, LiBin verfasserin aut Yang, ShengGao verfasserin aut Wang, SiCheng verfasserin aut Enthalten in Chinese science bulletin Beijing, China : Chinese Acad. of Sciences, 1997 57(2012), 12 vom: Apr., Seite 1443-1448 (DE-627)341897809 (DE-600)2069521-4 1861-9541 nnns volume:57 year:2012 number:12 month:04 pages:1443-1448 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11434-012-5046-x kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_266 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2070 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 30.00 ASE AR 57 2012 12 04 1443-1448
language	English
source	Enthalten in Chinese science bulletin 57(2012), 12 vom: Apr., Seite 1443-1448 volume:57 year:2012 number:12 month:04 pages:1443-1448
sourceStr	Enthalten in Chinese science bulletin 57(2012), 12 vom: Apr., Seite 1443-1448 volume:57 year:2012 number:12 month:04 pages:1443-1448
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	ionosphere long-term trends IRI-2007 Moscow
dewey-raw	500
isfreeaccess_bool	true
container_title	Chinese science bulletin
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Fang, HanXian @@aut@@ Weng, LiBin @@aut@@ Yang, ShengGao @@aut@@ Wang, SiCheng @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2012-04-01T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	341897809
dewey-sort	3500
id	SPR019427034
language_de	englisch
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author	Fang, HanXian
spellingShingle	Fang, HanXian ddc 500 bkl 30.00 misc ionosphere misc long-term trends misc IRI-2007 misc Moscow Long-term trends in foF2 over Moscow ionosonde station: Its estimate and origins
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topic_title	500 ASE 30.00 bkl Long-term trends in foF2 over Moscow ionosonde station: Its estimate and origins ionosphere (dpeaa)DE-He213 long-term trends (dpeaa)DE-He213 IRI-2007 (dpeaa)DE-He213 Moscow (dpeaa)DE-He213
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title	Long-term trends in foF2 over Moscow ionosonde station: Its estimate and origins
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title_full	Long-term trends in foF2 over Moscow ionosonde station: Its estimate and origins
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title_sort	long-term trends in fof2 over moscow ionosonde station: its estimate and origins
title_auth	Long-term trends in foF2 over Moscow ionosonde station: Its estimate and origins
abstract	Abstract We introduce a new approach, using the International Reference Ionosphere 2007 (IRI-2007) model and observations from the Moscow ionosonde station, to analyze the long-term trends of ionospheric foF2. Possible origins, whether natural or manmade, are discussed. A small but significant residual foF2 trend is found, with −0.76 MHz over the past 50 years, but −0.2 MHz after eliminating the most variations caused by solar and geomagnetic activities and the variational earth’s magnetic field. We find that this slope depends on local time and seasons. There is a pronounced diurnal negative variation in k (annual mean slope of diurnal variations), with much larger absolute values in the morning than during afternoon or evening; the largest k is about −0.0018 per year in spring, and the smallest trend of about −0.0012 per year occurs in winter. Finally, the evidence of crucial influences of geomagnetic activity and the earth’s magnetic field on the observed trends, as emphasized by the IRI-2007 empirical model, is confirmed, and the effect of $ CO_{2} $ contributions to the trend is also discussed, by cooling the thermospheric temperature or recombining the electron density.
abstractGer	Abstract We introduce a new approach, using the International Reference Ionosphere 2007 (IRI-2007) model and observations from the Moscow ionosonde station, to analyze the long-term trends of ionospheric foF2. Possible origins, whether natural or manmade, are discussed. A small but significant residual foF2 trend is found, with −0.76 MHz over the past 50 years, but −0.2 MHz after eliminating the most variations caused by solar and geomagnetic activities and the variational earth’s magnetic field. We find that this slope depends on local time and seasons. There is a pronounced diurnal negative variation in k (annual mean slope of diurnal variations), with much larger absolute values in the morning than during afternoon or evening; the largest k is about −0.0018 per year in spring, and the smallest trend of about −0.0012 per year occurs in winter. Finally, the evidence of crucial influences of geomagnetic activity and the earth’s magnetic field on the observed trends, as emphasized by the IRI-2007 empirical model, is confirmed, and the effect of $ CO_{2} $ contributions to the trend is also discussed, by cooling the thermospheric temperature or recombining the electron density.
abstract_unstemmed	Abstract We introduce a new approach, using the International Reference Ionosphere 2007 (IRI-2007) model and observations from the Moscow ionosonde station, to analyze the long-term trends of ionospheric foF2. Possible origins, whether natural or manmade, are discussed. A small but significant residual foF2 trend is found, with −0.76 MHz over the past 50 years, but −0.2 MHz after eliminating the most variations caused by solar and geomagnetic activities and the variational earth’s magnetic field. We find that this slope depends on local time and seasons. There is a pronounced diurnal negative variation in k (annual mean slope of diurnal variations), with much larger absolute values in the morning than during afternoon or evening; the largest k is about −0.0018 per year in spring, and the smallest trend of about −0.0012 per year occurs in winter. Finally, the evidence of crucial influences of geomagnetic activity and the earth’s magnetic field on the observed trends, as emphasized by the IRI-2007 empirical model, is confirmed, and the effect of $ CO_{2} $ contributions to the trend is also discussed, by cooling the thermospheric temperature or recombining the electron density.
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title_short	Long-term trends in foF2 over Moscow ionosonde station: Its estimate and origins
url	https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11434-012-5046-x
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Long-term trends in foF2 over Moscow ionosonde station: Its estimate and origins

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