Atmospheric deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Shanghai: the spatio-temporal variation and source identification

Abstract This study investigated the dry and wet deposition fluxes of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Shanghai, China. The flux sources were traced based on composition and spatio-temporal variation. The results show that wet deposition concentrations of PAHs ranged from 0.07...
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Autor*in:	Cheng, Chen [verfasserIn] Bi, Chunjuan [verfasserIn] Wang, Dongqi [verfasserIn] Yu, Zhongjie [verfasserIn] Chen, Zhenlou [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2017

Schlagwörter:	PAHs dry and wet deposition temporal and spatial variation Shanghai

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Frontiers of earth science in China - Beijing : Higher Education Press, 2007, 12(2017), 1 vom: 06. Jan., Seite 63-71
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:12 ; year:2017 ; number:1 ; day:06 ; month:01 ; pages:63-71

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1007/s11707-016-0613-0

Katalog-ID:	SPR021966133

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520			\|a Abstract This study investigated the dry and wet deposition fluxes of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Shanghai, China. The flux sources were traced based on composition and spatio-temporal variation. The results show that wet deposition concentrations of PAHs ranged from 0.07 to 0.67 mg·$ L^{–1} $ and were correlated with temperature (P<0.05). Dry deposition of PAHs concentrations ranged from 3.60–92.15 mg·$ L^{–1} $ and were higher in winter and spring than in summer and autumn. The annual PAH average fluxes were 0.631 mg·$ m^{–2} $·$ d^{–1} $ and 4.06 mg·$ m^{–2} $·$ d^{–1} $ for wet and dry deposition, respectively. The highest wet deposition of PAH fluxes was observed in summer, while dry deposition fluxes were higher in winter and spring. Atmospheric PAHs were deposited as dry deposition in spring and winter, yet wet deposition was the dominant pathway during summer. Total atmospheric PAH fluxes were higher in the northern areas than in the southern areas of Shanghai, and were also observed to be higher in winter and spring. Annual deposition of atmospheric PAHs was about 10.8 t in across all of Shanghai. Wet deposition of PAHs was primarily composed of two, three, or four rings, while dry deposition of PAHs was composed of four, five, or six rings. The atmospheric PAHs, composed of four, five, or six rings, primarily existed in the form of particulates. Coal combustion and vehicle emissions were the dominant sources of PAH in the observed area of downtown Shanghai. In suburban areas, industrial pollution, from sources such as coke oven, incinerator, and oil fired power plant, was as significant as vehicle emissions in contributing to the deposition of PAHs.
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allfields	10.1007/s11707-016-0613-0 doi (DE-627)SPR021966133 (SPR)s11707-016-0613-0-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 ASE Cheng, Chen verfasserin aut Atmospheric deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Shanghai: the spatio-temporal variation and source identification 2017 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract This study investigated the dry and wet deposition fluxes of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Shanghai, China. The flux sources were traced based on composition and spatio-temporal variation. The results show that wet deposition concentrations of PAHs ranged from 0.07 to 0.67 mg·$ L^{–1} $ and were correlated with temperature (P<0.05). Dry deposition of PAHs concentrations ranged from 3.60–92.15 mg·$ L^{–1} $ and were higher in winter and spring than in summer and autumn. The annual PAH average fluxes were 0.631 mg·$ m^{–2} $·$ d^{–1} $ and 4.06 mg·$ m^{–2} $·$ d^{–1} $ for wet and dry deposition, respectively. The highest wet deposition of PAH fluxes was observed in summer, while dry deposition fluxes were higher in winter and spring. Atmospheric PAHs were deposited as dry deposition in spring and winter, yet wet deposition was the dominant pathway during summer. Total atmospheric PAH fluxes were higher in the northern areas than in the southern areas of Shanghai, and were also observed to be higher in winter and spring. Annual deposition of atmospheric PAHs was about 10.8 t in across all of Shanghai. Wet deposition of PAHs was primarily composed of two, three, or four rings, while dry deposition of PAHs was composed of four, five, or six rings. The atmospheric PAHs, composed of four, five, or six rings, primarily existed in the form of particulates. Coal combustion and vehicle emissions were the dominant sources of PAH in the observed area of downtown Shanghai. In suburban areas, industrial pollution, from sources such as coke oven, incinerator, and oil fired power plant, was as significant as vehicle emissions in contributing to the deposition of PAHs. PAHs (dpeaa)DE-He213 dry and wet deposition (dpeaa)DE-He213 temporal and spatial variation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Shanghai (dpeaa)DE-He213 Bi, Chunjuan verfasserin aut Wang, Dongqi verfasserin aut Yu, Zhongjie verfasserin aut Chen, Zhenlou verfasserin aut Enthalten in Frontiers of earth science in China Beijing : Higher Education Press, 2007 12(2017), 1 vom: 06. Jan., Seite 63-71 (DE-627)546007406 (DE-600)2389435-0 1673-7490 nnns volume:12 year:2017 number:1 day:06 month:01 pages:63-71 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11707-016-0613-0 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OPC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-ASE GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 AR 12 2017 1 06 01 63-71
spelling	10.1007/s11707-016-0613-0 doi (DE-627)SPR021966133 (SPR)s11707-016-0613-0-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 ASE Cheng, Chen verfasserin aut Atmospheric deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Shanghai: the spatio-temporal variation and source identification 2017 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract This study investigated the dry and wet deposition fluxes of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Shanghai, China. The flux sources were traced based on composition and spatio-temporal variation. The results show that wet deposition concentrations of PAHs ranged from 0.07 to 0.67 mg·$ L^{–1} $ and were correlated with temperature (P<0.05). Dry deposition of PAHs concentrations ranged from 3.60–92.15 mg·$ L^{–1} $ and were higher in winter and spring than in summer and autumn. The annual PAH average fluxes were 0.631 mg·$ m^{–2} $·$ d^{–1} $ and 4.06 mg·$ m^{–2} $·$ d^{–1} $ for wet and dry deposition, respectively. The highest wet deposition of PAH fluxes was observed in summer, while dry deposition fluxes were higher in winter and spring. Atmospheric PAHs were deposited as dry deposition in spring and winter, yet wet deposition was the dominant pathway during summer. Total atmospheric PAH fluxes were higher in the northern areas than in the southern areas of Shanghai, and were also observed to be higher in winter and spring. Annual deposition of atmospheric PAHs was about 10.8 t in across all of Shanghai. Wet deposition of PAHs was primarily composed of two, three, or four rings, while dry deposition of PAHs was composed of four, five, or six rings. The atmospheric PAHs, composed of four, five, or six rings, primarily existed in the form of particulates. Coal combustion and vehicle emissions were the dominant sources of PAH in the observed area of downtown Shanghai. In suburban areas, industrial pollution, from sources such as coke oven, incinerator, and oil fired power plant, was as significant as vehicle emissions in contributing to the deposition of PAHs. PAHs (dpeaa)DE-He213 dry and wet deposition (dpeaa)DE-He213 temporal and spatial variation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Shanghai (dpeaa)DE-He213 Bi, Chunjuan verfasserin aut Wang, Dongqi verfasserin aut Yu, Zhongjie verfasserin aut Chen, Zhenlou verfasserin aut Enthalten in Frontiers of earth science in China Beijing : Higher Education Press, 2007 12(2017), 1 vom: 06. Jan., Seite 63-71 (DE-627)546007406 (DE-600)2389435-0 1673-7490 nnns volume:12 year:2017 number:1 day:06 month:01 pages:63-71 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11707-016-0613-0 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OPC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-ASE GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 AR 12 2017 1 06 01 63-71
allfields_unstemmed	10.1007/s11707-016-0613-0 doi (DE-627)SPR021966133 (SPR)s11707-016-0613-0-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 ASE Cheng, Chen verfasserin aut Atmospheric deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Shanghai: the spatio-temporal variation and source identification 2017 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract This study investigated the dry and wet deposition fluxes of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Shanghai, China. The flux sources were traced based on composition and spatio-temporal variation. The results show that wet deposition concentrations of PAHs ranged from 0.07 to 0.67 mg·$ L^{–1} $ and were correlated with temperature (P<0.05). Dry deposition of PAHs concentrations ranged from 3.60–92.15 mg·$ L^{–1} $ and were higher in winter and spring than in summer and autumn. The annual PAH average fluxes were 0.631 mg·$ m^{–2} $·$ d^{–1} $ and 4.06 mg·$ m^{–2} $·$ d^{–1} $ for wet and dry deposition, respectively. The highest wet deposition of PAH fluxes was observed in summer, while dry deposition fluxes were higher in winter and spring. Atmospheric PAHs were deposited as dry deposition in spring and winter, yet wet deposition was the dominant pathway during summer. Total atmospheric PAH fluxes were higher in the northern areas than in the southern areas of Shanghai, and were also observed to be higher in winter and spring. Annual deposition of atmospheric PAHs was about 10.8 t in across all of Shanghai. Wet deposition of PAHs was primarily composed of two, three, or four rings, while dry deposition of PAHs was composed of four, five, or six rings. The atmospheric PAHs, composed of four, five, or six rings, primarily existed in the form of particulates. Coal combustion and vehicle emissions were the dominant sources of PAH in the observed area of downtown Shanghai. In suburban areas, industrial pollution, from sources such as coke oven, incinerator, and oil fired power plant, was as significant as vehicle emissions in contributing to the deposition of PAHs. PAHs (dpeaa)DE-He213 dry and wet deposition (dpeaa)DE-He213 temporal and spatial variation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Shanghai (dpeaa)DE-He213 Bi, Chunjuan verfasserin aut Wang, Dongqi verfasserin aut Yu, Zhongjie verfasserin aut Chen, Zhenlou verfasserin aut Enthalten in Frontiers of earth science in China Beijing : Higher Education Press, 2007 12(2017), 1 vom: 06. Jan., Seite 63-71 (DE-627)546007406 (DE-600)2389435-0 1673-7490 nnns volume:12 year:2017 number:1 day:06 month:01 pages:63-71 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11707-016-0613-0 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OPC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-ASE GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 AR 12 2017 1 06 01 63-71
allfieldsGer	10.1007/s11707-016-0613-0 doi (DE-627)SPR021966133 (SPR)s11707-016-0613-0-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 ASE Cheng, Chen verfasserin aut Atmospheric deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Shanghai: the spatio-temporal variation and source identification 2017 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract This study investigated the dry and wet deposition fluxes of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Shanghai, China. The flux sources were traced based on composition and spatio-temporal variation. The results show that wet deposition concentrations of PAHs ranged from 0.07 to 0.67 mg·$ L^{–1} $ and were correlated with temperature (P<0.05). Dry deposition of PAHs concentrations ranged from 3.60–92.15 mg·$ L^{–1} $ and were higher in winter and spring than in summer and autumn. The annual PAH average fluxes were 0.631 mg·$ m^{–2} $·$ d^{–1} $ and 4.06 mg·$ m^{–2} $·$ d^{–1} $ for wet and dry deposition, respectively. The highest wet deposition of PAH fluxes was observed in summer, while dry deposition fluxes were higher in winter and spring. Atmospheric PAHs were deposited as dry deposition in spring and winter, yet wet deposition was the dominant pathway during summer. Total atmospheric PAH fluxes were higher in the northern areas than in the southern areas of Shanghai, and were also observed to be higher in winter and spring. Annual deposition of atmospheric PAHs was about 10.8 t in across all of Shanghai. Wet deposition of PAHs was primarily composed of two, three, or four rings, while dry deposition of PAHs was composed of four, five, or six rings. The atmospheric PAHs, composed of four, five, or six rings, primarily existed in the form of particulates. Coal combustion and vehicle emissions were the dominant sources of PAH in the observed area of downtown Shanghai. In suburban areas, industrial pollution, from sources such as coke oven, incinerator, and oil fired power plant, was as significant as vehicle emissions in contributing to the deposition of PAHs. PAHs (dpeaa)DE-He213 dry and wet deposition (dpeaa)DE-He213 temporal and spatial variation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Shanghai (dpeaa)DE-He213 Bi, Chunjuan verfasserin aut Wang, Dongqi verfasserin aut Yu, Zhongjie verfasserin aut Chen, Zhenlou verfasserin aut Enthalten in Frontiers of earth science in China Beijing : Higher Education Press, 2007 12(2017), 1 vom: 06. Jan., Seite 63-71 (DE-627)546007406 (DE-600)2389435-0 1673-7490 nnns volume:12 year:2017 number:1 day:06 month:01 pages:63-71 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11707-016-0613-0 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OPC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-ASE GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 AR 12 2017 1 06 01 63-71
allfieldsSound	10.1007/s11707-016-0613-0 doi (DE-627)SPR021966133 (SPR)s11707-016-0613-0-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 ASE Cheng, Chen verfasserin aut Atmospheric deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Shanghai: the spatio-temporal variation and source identification 2017 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract This study investigated the dry and wet deposition fluxes of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Shanghai, China. The flux sources were traced based on composition and spatio-temporal variation. The results show that wet deposition concentrations of PAHs ranged from 0.07 to 0.67 mg·$ L^{–1} $ and were correlated with temperature (P<0.05). Dry deposition of PAHs concentrations ranged from 3.60–92.15 mg·$ L^{–1} $ and were higher in winter and spring than in summer and autumn. The annual PAH average fluxes were 0.631 mg·$ m^{–2} $·$ d^{–1} $ and 4.06 mg·$ m^{–2} $·$ d^{–1} $ for wet and dry deposition, respectively. The highest wet deposition of PAH fluxes was observed in summer, while dry deposition fluxes were higher in winter and spring. Atmospheric PAHs were deposited as dry deposition in spring and winter, yet wet deposition was the dominant pathway during summer. Total atmospheric PAH fluxes were higher in the northern areas than in the southern areas of Shanghai, and were also observed to be higher in winter and spring. Annual deposition of atmospheric PAHs was about 10.8 t in across all of Shanghai. Wet deposition of PAHs was primarily composed of two, three, or four rings, while dry deposition of PAHs was composed of four, five, or six rings. The atmospheric PAHs, composed of four, five, or six rings, primarily existed in the form of particulates. Coal combustion and vehicle emissions were the dominant sources of PAH in the observed area of downtown Shanghai. In suburban areas, industrial pollution, from sources such as coke oven, incinerator, and oil fired power plant, was as significant as vehicle emissions in contributing to the deposition of PAHs. PAHs (dpeaa)DE-He213 dry and wet deposition (dpeaa)DE-He213 temporal and spatial variation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Shanghai (dpeaa)DE-He213 Bi, Chunjuan verfasserin aut Wang, Dongqi verfasserin aut Yu, Zhongjie verfasserin aut Chen, Zhenlou verfasserin aut Enthalten in Frontiers of earth science in China Beijing : Higher Education Press, 2007 12(2017), 1 vom: 06. Jan., Seite 63-71 (DE-627)546007406 (DE-600)2389435-0 1673-7490 nnns volume:12 year:2017 number:1 day:06 month:01 pages:63-71 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11707-016-0613-0 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OPC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-ASE GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 AR 12 2017 1 06 01 63-71
language	English
source	Enthalten in Frontiers of earth science in China 12(2017), 1 vom: 06. Jan., Seite 63-71 volume:12 year:2017 number:1 day:06 month:01 pages:63-71
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author	Cheng, Chen
spellingShingle	Cheng, Chen ddc 550 misc PAHs misc dry and wet deposition misc temporal and spatial variation misc Shanghai Atmospheric deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Shanghai: the spatio-temporal variation and source identification
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topic_title	550 ASE Atmospheric deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Shanghai: the spatio-temporal variation and source identification PAHs (dpeaa)DE-He213 dry and wet deposition (dpeaa)DE-He213 temporal and spatial variation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Shanghai (dpeaa)DE-He213
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title	Atmospheric deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Shanghai: the spatio-temporal variation and source identification
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title_full	Atmospheric deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Shanghai: the spatio-temporal variation and source identification
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author_browse	Cheng, Chen Bi, Chunjuan Wang, Dongqi Yu, Zhongjie Chen, Zhenlou
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title_sort	atmospheric deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) in shanghai: the spatio-temporal variation and source identification
title_auth	Atmospheric deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Shanghai: the spatio-temporal variation and source identification
abstract	Abstract This study investigated the dry and wet deposition fluxes of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Shanghai, China. The flux sources were traced based on composition and spatio-temporal variation. The results show that wet deposition concentrations of PAHs ranged from 0.07 to 0.67 mg·$ L^{–1} $ and were correlated with temperature (P<0.05). Dry deposition of PAHs concentrations ranged from 3.60–92.15 mg·$ L^{–1} $ and were higher in winter and spring than in summer and autumn. The annual PAH average fluxes were 0.631 mg·$ m^{–2} $·$ d^{–1} $ and 4.06 mg·$ m^{–2} $·$ d^{–1} $ for wet and dry deposition, respectively. The highest wet deposition of PAH fluxes was observed in summer, while dry deposition fluxes were higher in winter and spring. Atmospheric PAHs were deposited as dry deposition in spring and winter, yet wet deposition was the dominant pathway during summer. Total atmospheric PAH fluxes were higher in the northern areas than in the southern areas of Shanghai, and were also observed to be higher in winter and spring. Annual deposition of atmospheric PAHs was about 10.8 t in across all of Shanghai. Wet deposition of PAHs was primarily composed of two, three, or four rings, while dry deposition of PAHs was composed of four, five, or six rings. The atmospheric PAHs, composed of four, five, or six rings, primarily existed in the form of particulates. Coal combustion and vehicle emissions were the dominant sources of PAH in the observed area of downtown Shanghai. In suburban areas, industrial pollution, from sources such as coke oven, incinerator, and oil fired power plant, was as significant as vehicle emissions in contributing to the deposition of PAHs.
abstractGer	Abstract This study investigated the dry and wet deposition fluxes of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Shanghai, China. The flux sources were traced based on composition and spatio-temporal variation. The results show that wet deposition concentrations of PAHs ranged from 0.07 to 0.67 mg·$ L^{–1} $ and were correlated with temperature (P<0.05). Dry deposition of PAHs concentrations ranged from 3.60–92.15 mg·$ L^{–1} $ and were higher in winter and spring than in summer and autumn. The annual PAH average fluxes were 0.631 mg·$ m^{–2} $·$ d^{–1} $ and 4.06 mg·$ m^{–2} $·$ d^{–1} $ for wet and dry deposition, respectively. The highest wet deposition of PAH fluxes was observed in summer, while dry deposition fluxes were higher in winter and spring. Atmospheric PAHs were deposited as dry deposition in spring and winter, yet wet deposition was the dominant pathway during summer. Total atmospheric PAH fluxes were higher in the northern areas than in the southern areas of Shanghai, and were also observed to be higher in winter and spring. Annual deposition of atmospheric PAHs was about 10.8 t in across all of Shanghai. Wet deposition of PAHs was primarily composed of two, three, or four rings, while dry deposition of PAHs was composed of four, five, or six rings. The atmospheric PAHs, composed of four, five, or six rings, primarily existed in the form of particulates. Coal combustion and vehicle emissions were the dominant sources of PAH in the observed area of downtown Shanghai. In suburban areas, industrial pollution, from sources such as coke oven, incinerator, and oil fired power plant, was as significant as vehicle emissions in contributing to the deposition of PAHs.
abstract_unstemmed	Abstract This study investigated the dry and wet deposition fluxes of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Shanghai, China. The flux sources were traced based on composition and spatio-temporal variation. The results show that wet deposition concentrations of PAHs ranged from 0.07 to 0.67 mg·$ L^{–1} $ and were correlated with temperature (P<0.05). Dry deposition of PAHs concentrations ranged from 3.60–92.15 mg·$ L^{–1} $ and were higher in winter and spring than in summer and autumn. The annual PAH average fluxes were 0.631 mg·$ m^{–2} $·$ d^{–1} $ and 4.06 mg·$ m^{–2} $·$ d^{–1} $ for wet and dry deposition, respectively. The highest wet deposition of PAH fluxes was observed in summer, while dry deposition fluxes were higher in winter and spring. Atmospheric PAHs were deposited as dry deposition in spring and winter, yet wet deposition was the dominant pathway during summer. Total atmospheric PAH fluxes were higher in the northern areas than in the southern areas of Shanghai, and were also observed to be higher in winter and spring. Annual deposition of atmospheric PAHs was about 10.8 t in across all of Shanghai. Wet deposition of PAHs was primarily composed of two, three, or four rings, while dry deposition of PAHs was composed of four, five, or six rings. The atmospheric PAHs, composed of four, five, or six rings, primarily existed in the form of particulates. Coal combustion and vehicle emissions were the dominant sources of PAH in the observed area of downtown Shanghai. In suburban areas, industrial pollution, from sources such as coke oven, incinerator, and oil fired power plant, was as significant as vehicle emissions in contributing to the deposition of PAHs.
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title_short	Atmospheric deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Shanghai: the spatio-temporal variation and source identification
url	https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11707-016-0613-0
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author2	Bi, Chunjuan Wang, Dongqi Yu, Zhongjie Chen, Zhenlou
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Annual deposition of atmospheric PAHs was about 10.8 t in across all of Shanghai. Wet deposition of PAHs was primarily composed of two, three, or four rings, while dry deposition of PAHs was composed of four, five, or six rings. The atmospheric PAHs, composed of four, five, or six rings, primarily existed in the form of particulates. Coal combustion and vehicle emissions were the dominant sources of PAH in the observed area of downtown Shanghai. 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Atmospheric deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Shanghai: the spatio-temporal variation and source identification

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