Occurrence and removal of selected polycyclic musks in two sewage treatment plants in Xi’an, China
Abstract Polycyclic musks are widely used for cosmetics and other personal care and household cleaning products. The occurrence and removal of two representative polycyclic musks, galaxolide (HHCB) and tonalide (AHTN) were investigated in three different processes of two sewage treatment plants (STP...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Ren, Yongxiang [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2012 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Anmerkung: |
© Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Frontiers of environmental science & engineering in China - Beijing : Higher Education Press, 2007, 7(2012), 2 vom: 16. Nov., Seite 166-172 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:7 ; year:2012 ; number:2 ; day:16 ; month:11 ; pages:166-172 |
| Links: |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1007/s11783-012-0471-2 |
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SPR022394842 |
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| 520 | |a Abstract Polycyclic musks are widely used for cosmetics and other personal care and household cleaning products. The occurrence and removal of two representative polycyclic musks, galaxolide (HHCB) and tonalide (AHTN) were investigated in three different processes of two sewage treatment plants (STPs) in Xi’an, China. The samples were preconcentrated by solid phase extraction procedure and analyzed using a gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) by a modified procedure. The HHCB was in the range of 82.8 to 182.5 ng·$ L^{−1} $ in the influents and 22.6 to 103.9 ng·$ L^{−1} $ in the effluents. The AHTN ranged from 11.0 to 19.3 ng·$ L^{−1} $ in the influents and 2.2 to 8.8 ng·$ L^{−1} $ in the effluents. The removal efficiency of the two musks varied in the ranges of 43.1%–70.4% for HHCB and 54.2%–84.4% for AHTN. Concentrations of the two musks in aqueous phase of three processes slightly increased along the primary process, and significantly removed during the biologic treatment processes, revealing that the selected musks could be remarkably removed in varied activated sludge processes. Advanced processes of activated sludge did not show a significant superiority on selected musk removal compared to the conventional process. The selected musk removal mainly resulted from the adsorption function of activated sludge. There was no significant change of HHCB/AHTN ratios along the treatment flow, indicating that each sewage treatment structure had a similar removal efficiency for the two musks. | ||
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| 650 | 4 | |a tonalide (AHTN) |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a galaxolide (HHCB) |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a removal efficiency |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a adsorption |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Wei, Kai |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Liu, Hua |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Sui, Guoqiang |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Wang, Junping |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Sun, Yanjun |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Zheng, Xiaohui |4 aut | |
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10.1007/s11783-012-0471-2 doi (DE-627)SPR022394842 (SPR)s11783-012-0471-2-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Ren, Yongxiang verfasserin aut Occurrence and removal of selected polycyclic musks in two sewage treatment plants in Xi’an, China 2012 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012 Abstract Polycyclic musks are widely used for cosmetics and other personal care and household cleaning products. The occurrence and removal of two representative polycyclic musks, galaxolide (HHCB) and tonalide (AHTN) were investigated in three different processes of two sewage treatment plants (STPs) in Xi’an, China. The samples were preconcentrated by solid phase extraction procedure and analyzed using a gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) by a modified procedure. The HHCB was in the range of 82.8 to 182.5 ng·$ L^{−1} $ in the influents and 22.6 to 103.9 ng·$ L^{−1} $ in the effluents. The AHTN ranged from 11.0 to 19.3 ng·$ L^{−1} $ in the influents and 2.2 to 8.8 ng·$ L^{−1} $ in the effluents. The removal efficiency of the two musks varied in the ranges of 43.1%–70.4% for HHCB and 54.2%–84.4% for AHTN. Concentrations of the two musks in aqueous phase of three processes slightly increased along the primary process, and significantly removed during the biologic treatment processes, revealing that the selected musks could be remarkably removed in varied activated sludge processes. Advanced processes of activated sludge did not show a significant superiority on selected musk removal compared to the conventional process. The selected musk removal mainly resulted from the adsorption function of activated sludge. There was no significant change of HHCB/AHTN ratios along the treatment flow, indicating that each sewage treatment structure had a similar removal efficiency for the two musks. polycyclic musk (dpeaa)DE-He213 sewage (dpeaa)DE-He213 tonalide (AHTN) (dpeaa)DE-He213 galaxolide (HHCB) (dpeaa)DE-He213 removal efficiency (dpeaa)DE-He213 adsorption (dpeaa)DE-He213 Wei, Kai aut Liu, Hua aut Sui, Guoqiang aut Wang, Junping aut Sun, Yanjun aut Zheng, Xiaohui aut Enthalten in Frontiers of environmental science & engineering in China Beijing : Higher Education Press, 2007 7(2012), 2 vom: 16. Nov., Seite 166-172 (DE-627)545787661 (DE-600)2388869-6 1673-7520 nnns volume:7 year:2012 number:2 day:16 month:11 pages:166-172 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11783-012-0471-2 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 AR 7 2012 2 16 11 166-172 |
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10.1007/s11783-012-0471-2 doi (DE-627)SPR022394842 (SPR)s11783-012-0471-2-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Ren, Yongxiang verfasserin aut Occurrence and removal of selected polycyclic musks in two sewage treatment plants in Xi’an, China 2012 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012 Abstract Polycyclic musks are widely used for cosmetics and other personal care and household cleaning products. The occurrence and removal of two representative polycyclic musks, galaxolide (HHCB) and tonalide (AHTN) were investigated in three different processes of two sewage treatment plants (STPs) in Xi’an, China. The samples were preconcentrated by solid phase extraction procedure and analyzed using a gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) by a modified procedure. The HHCB was in the range of 82.8 to 182.5 ng·$ L^{−1} $ in the influents and 22.6 to 103.9 ng·$ L^{−1} $ in the effluents. The AHTN ranged from 11.0 to 19.3 ng·$ L^{−1} $ in the influents and 2.2 to 8.8 ng·$ L^{−1} $ in the effluents. The removal efficiency of the two musks varied in the ranges of 43.1%–70.4% for HHCB and 54.2%–84.4% for AHTN. Concentrations of the two musks in aqueous phase of three processes slightly increased along the primary process, and significantly removed during the biologic treatment processes, revealing that the selected musks could be remarkably removed in varied activated sludge processes. Advanced processes of activated sludge did not show a significant superiority on selected musk removal compared to the conventional process. The selected musk removal mainly resulted from the adsorption function of activated sludge. There was no significant change of HHCB/AHTN ratios along the treatment flow, indicating that each sewage treatment structure had a similar removal efficiency for the two musks. polycyclic musk (dpeaa)DE-He213 sewage (dpeaa)DE-He213 tonalide (AHTN) (dpeaa)DE-He213 galaxolide (HHCB) (dpeaa)DE-He213 removal efficiency (dpeaa)DE-He213 adsorption (dpeaa)DE-He213 Wei, Kai aut Liu, Hua aut Sui, Guoqiang aut Wang, Junping aut Sun, Yanjun aut Zheng, Xiaohui aut Enthalten in Frontiers of environmental science & engineering in China Beijing : Higher Education Press, 2007 7(2012), 2 vom: 16. Nov., Seite 166-172 (DE-627)545787661 (DE-600)2388869-6 1673-7520 nnns volume:7 year:2012 number:2 day:16 month:11 pages:166-172 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11783-012-0471-2 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 AR 7 2012 2 16 11 166-172 |
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10.1007/s11783-012-0471-2 doi (DE-627)SPR022394842 (SPR)s11783-012-0471-2-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Ren, Yongxiang verfasserin aut Occurrence and removal of selected polycyclic musks in two sewage treatment plants in Xi’an, China 2012 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012 Abstract Polycyclic musks are widely used for cosmetics and other personal care and household cleaning products. The occurrence and removal of two representative polycyclic musks, galaxolide (HHCB) and tonalide (AHTN) were investigated in three different processes of two sewage treatment plants (STPs) in Xi’an, China. The samples were preconcentrated by solid phase extraction procedure and analyzed using a gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) by a modified procedure. The HHCB was in the range of 82.8 to 182.5 ng·$ L^{−1} $ in the influents and 22.6 to 103.9 ng·$ L^{−1} $ in the effluents. The AHTN ranged from 11.0 to 19.3 ng·$ L^{−1} $ in the influents and 2.2 to 8.8 ng·$ L^{−1} $ in the effluents. The removal efficiency of the two musks varied in the ranges of 43.1%–70.4% for HHCB and 54.2%–84.4% for AHTN. Concentrations of the two musks in aqueous phase of three processes slightly increased along the primary process, and significantly removed during the biologic treatment processes, revealing that the selected musks could be remarkably removed in varied activated sludge processes. Advanced processes of activated sludge did not show a significant superiority on selected musk removal compared to the conventional process. The selected musk removal mainly resulted from the adsorption function of activated sludge. There was no significant change of HHCB/AHTN ratios along the treatment flow, indicating that each sewage treatment structure had a similar removal efficiency for the two musks. polycyclic musk (dpeaa)DE-He213 sewage (dpeaa)DE-He213 tonalide (AHTN) (dpeaa)DE-He213 galaxolide (HHCB) (dpeaa)DE-He213 removal efficiency (dpeaa)DE-He213 adsorption (dpeaa)DE-He213 Wei, Kai aut Liu, Hua aut Sui, Guoqiang aut Wang, Junping aut Sun, Yanjun aut Zheng, Xiaohui aut Enthalten in Frontiers of environmental science & engineering in China Beijing : Higher Education Press, 2007 7(2012), 2 vom: 16. Nov., Seite 166-172 (DE-627)545787661 (DE-600)2388869-6 1673-7520 nnns volume:7 year:2012 number:2 day:16 month:11 pages:166-172 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11783-012-0471-2 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 AR 7 2012 2 16 11 166-172 |
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10.1007/s11783-012-0471-2 doi (DE-627)SPR022394842 (SPR)s11783-012-0471-2-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Ren, Yongxiang verfasserin aut Occurrence and removal of selected polycyclic musks in two sewage treatment plants in Xi’an, China 2012 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012 Abstract Polycyclic musks are widely used for cosmetics and other personal care and household cleaning products. The occurrence and removal of two representative polycyclic musks, galaxolide (HHCB) and tonalide (AHTN) were investigated in three different processes of two sewage treatment plants (STPs) in Xi’an, China. The samples were preconcentrated by solid phase extraction procedure and analyzed using a gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) by a modified procedure. The HHCB was in the range of 82.8 to 182.5 ng·$ L^{−1} $ in the influents and 22.6 to 103.9 ng·$ L^{−1} $ in the effluents. The AHTN ranged from 11.0 to 19.3 ng·$ L^{−1} $ in the influents and 2.2 to 8.8 ng·$ L^{−1} $ in the effluents. The removal efficiency of the two musks varied in the ranges of 43.1%–70.4% for HHCB and 54.2%–84.4% for AHTN. Concentrations of the two musks in aqueous phase of three processes slightly increased along the primary process, and significantly removed during the biologic treatment processes, revealing that the selected musks could be remarkably removed in varied activated sludge processes. Advanced processes of activated sludge did not show a significant superiority on selected musk removal compared to the conventional process. The selected musk removal mainly resulted from the adsorption function of activated sludge. There was no significant change of HHCB/AHTN ratios along the treatment flow, indicating that each sewage treatment structure had a similar removal efficiency for the two musks. polycyclic musk (dpeaa)DE-He213 sewage (dpeaa)DE-He213 tonalide (AHTN) (dpeaa)DE-He213 galaxolide (HHCB) (dpeaa)DE-He213 removal efficiency (dpeaa)DE-He213 adsorption (dpeaa)DE-He213 Wei, Kai aut Liu, Hua aut Sui, Guoqiang aut Wang, Junping aut Sun, Yanjun aut Zheng, Xiaohui aut Enthalten in Frontiers of environmental science & engineering in China Beijing : Higher Education Press, 2007 7(2012), 2 vom: 16. Nov., Seite 166-172 (DE-627)545787661 (DE-600)2388869-6 1673-7520 nnns volume:7 year:2012 number:2 day:16 month:11 pages:166-172 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11783-012-0471-2 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 AR 7 2012 2 16 11 166-172 |
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10.1007/s11783-012-0471-2 doi (DE-627)SPR022394842 (SPR)s11783-012-0471-2-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Ren, Yongxiang verfasserin aut Occurrence and removal of selected polycyclic musks in two sewage treatment plants in Xi’an, China 2012 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012 Abstract Polycyclic musks are widely used for cosmetics and other personal care and household cleaning products. The occurrence and removal of two representative polycyclic musks, galaxolide (HHCB) and tonalide (AHTN) were investigated in three different processes of two sewage treatment plants (STPs) in Xi’an, China. The samples were preconcentrated by solid phase extraction procedure and analyzed using a gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) by a modified procedure. The HHCB was in the range of 82.8 to 182.5 ng·$ L^{−1} $ in the influents and 22.6 to 103.9 ng·$ L^{−1} $ in the effluents. The AHTN ranged from 11.0 to 19.3 ng·$ L^{−1} $ in the influents and 2.2 to 8.8 ng·$ L^{−1} $ in the effluents. The removal efficiency of the two musks varied in the ranges of 43.1%–70.4% for HHCB and 54.2%–84.4% for AHTN. Concentrations of the two musks in aqueous phase of three processes slightly increased along the primary process, and significantly removed during the biologic treatment processes, revealing that the selected musks could be remarkably removed in varied activated sludge processes. Advanced processes of activated sludge did not show a significant superiority on selected musk removal compared to the conventional process. The selected musk removal mainly resulted from the adsorption function of activated sludge. There was no significant change of HHCB/AHTN ratios along the treatment flow, indicating that each sewage treatment structure had a similar removal efficiency for the two musks. polycyclic musk (dpeaa)DE-He213 sewage (dpeaa)DE-He213 tonalide (AHTN) (dpeaa)DE-He213 galaxolide (HHCB) (dpeaa)DE-He213 removal efficiency (dpeaa)DE-He213 adsorption (dpeaa)DE-He213 Wei, Kai aut Liu, Hua aut Sui, Guoqiang aut Wang, Junping aut Sun, Yanjun aut Zheng, Xiaohui aut Enthalten in Frontiers of environmental science & engineering in China Beijing : Higher Education Press, 2007 7(2012), 2 vom: 16. Nov., Seite 166-172 (DE-627)545787661 (DE-600)2388869-6 1673-7520 nnns volume:7 year:2012 number:2 day:16 month:11 pages:166-172 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11783-012-0471-2 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 AR 7 2012 2 16 11 166-172 |
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Occurrence and removal of selected polycyclic musks in two sewage treatment plants in Xi’an, China |
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Ren, Yongxiang |
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Frontiers of environmental science & engineering in China |
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Ren, Yongxiang Wei, Kai Liu, Hua Sui, Guoqiang Wang, Junping Sun, Yanjun Zheng, Xiaohui |
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Ren, Yongxiang |
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10.1007/s11783-012-0471-2 |
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occurrence and removal of selected polycyclic musks in two sewage treatment plants in xi’an, china |
| title_auth |
Occurrence and removal of selected polycyclic musks in two sewage treatment plants in Xi’an, China |
| abstract |
Abstract Polycyclic musks are widely used for cosmetics and other personal care and household cleaning products. The occurrence and removal of two representative polycyclic musks, galaxolide (HHCB) and tonalide (AHTN) were investigated in three different processes of two sewage treatment plants (STPs) in Xi’an, China. The samples were preconcentrated by solid phase extraction procedure and analyzed using a gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) by a modified procedure. The HHCB was in the range of 82.8 to 182.5 ng·$ L^{−1} $ in the influents and 22.6 to 103.9 ng·$ L^{−1} $ in the effluents. The AHTN ranged from 11.0 to 19.3 ng·$ L^{−1} $ in the influents and 2.2 to 8.8 ng·$ L^{−1} $ in the effluents. The removal efficiency of the two musks varied in the ranges of 43.1%–70.4% for HHCB and 54.2%–84.4% for AHTN. Concentrations of the two musks in aqueous phase of three processes slightly increased along the primary process, and significantly removed during the biologic treatment processes, revealing that the selected musks could be remarkably removed in varied activated sludge processes. Advanced processes of activated sludge did not show a significant superiority on selected musk removal compared to the conventional process. The selected musk removal mainly resulted from the adsorption function of activated sludge. There was no significant change of HHCB/AHTN ratios along the treatment flow, indicating that each sewage treatment structure had a similar removal efficiency for the two musks. © Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012 |
| abstractGer |
Abstract Polycyclic musks are widely used for cosmetics and other personal care and household cleaning products. The occurrence and removal of two representative polycyclic musks, galaxolide (HHCB) and tonalide (AHTN) were investigated in three different processes of two sewage treatment plants (STPs) in Xi’an, China. The samples were preconcentrated by solid phase extraction procedure and analyzed using a gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) by a modified procedure. The HHCB was in the range of 82.8 to 182.5 ng·$ L^{−1} $ in the influents and 22.6 to 103.9 ng·$ L^{−1} $ in the effluents. The AHTN ranged from 11.0 to 19.3 ng·$ L^{−1} $ in the influents and 2.2 to 8.8 ng·$ L^{−1} $ in the effluents. The removal efficiency of the two musks varied in the ranges of 43.1%–70.4% for HHCB and 54.2%–84.4% for AHTN. Concentrations of the two musks in aqueous phase of three processes slightly increased along the primary process, and significantly removed during the biologic treatment processes, revealing that the selected musks could be remarkably removed in varied activated sludge processes. Advanced processes of activated sludge did not show a significant superiority on selected musk removal compared to the conventional process. The selected musk removal mainly resulted from the adsorption function of activated sludge. There was no significant change of HHCB/AHTN ratios along the treatment flow, indicating that each sewage treatment structure had a similar removal efficiency for the two musks. © Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012 |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Abstract Polycyclic musks are widely used for cosmetics and other personal care and household cleaning products. The occurrence and removal of two representative polycyclic musks, galaxolide (HHCB) and tonalide (AHTN) were investigated in three different processes of two sewage treatment plants (STPs) in Xi’an, China. The samples were preconcentrated by solid phase extraction procedure and analyzed using a gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) by a modified procedure. The HHCB was in the range of 82.8 to 182.5 ng·$ L^{−1} $ in the influents and 22.6 to 103.9 ng·$ L^{−1} $ in the effluents. The AHTN ranged from 11.0 to 19.3 ng·$ L^{−1} $ in the influents and 2.2 to 8.8 ng·$ L^{−1} $ in the effluents. The removal efficiency of the two musks varied in the ranges of 43.1%–70.4% for HHCB and 54.2%–84.4% for AHTN. Concentrations of the two musks in aqueous phase of three processes slightly increased along the primary process, and significantly removed during the biologic treatment processes, revealing that the selected musks could be remarkably removed in varied activated sludge processes. Advanced processes of activated sludge did not show a significant superiority on selected musk removal compared to the conventional process. The selected musk removal mainly resulted from the adsorption function of activated sludge. There was no significant change of HHCB/AHTN ratios along the treatment flow, indicating that each sewage treatment structure had a similar removal efficiency for the two musks. © Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012 |
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Occurrence and removal of selected polycyclic musks in two sewage treatment plants in Xi’an, China |
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