A Variance Decomposition Approach for Risk Assessment of Groundwater Quality

Abstract This research focuses on the assessment of fluoride doses in groundwater adopting the mathematical model employed by the USEPA. A total of 456 groundwater samples were tested to assess the spatial distribution of fluoride contamination in the study areas. Three age groups (children, teens a...
Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Kumar, Deepak [verfasserIn] Singh, Anshuman [verfasserIn] Jha, Rishi Kumar [verfasserIn] Sahoo, Sunil Kumar [verfasserIn] Jha, Vivekanand [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2019

Schlagwörter:	Groundwater Sobol sensitivity analysis Fluoride Mid-Gangetic plain

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Water quality, exposure and health - Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2009, 11(2019), 2 vom: 02. Jan., Seite 139-151
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:11 ; year:2019 ; number:2 ; day:02 ; month:01 ; pages:139-151

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1007/s12403-018-00293-6

Katalog-ID:	SPR02590731X

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allfields	10.1007/s12403-018-00293-6 doi (DE-627)SPR02590731X (SPR)s12403-018-00293-6-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 ASE Kumar, Deepak verfasserin aut A Variance Decomposition Approach for Risk Assessment of Groundwater Quality 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract This research focuses on the assessment of fluoride doses in groundwater adopting the mathematical model employed by the USEPA. A total of 456 groundwater samples were tested to assess the spatial distribution of fluoride contamination in the study areas. Three age groups (children, teens and adults) were selected for two-way pathway exposure (potential dose and dermal dose) assessment. For uncertainty and sensitivity of inputs variables, a new emerging Sobol sensitivity analysis (SSA) technique was used to determine the relative importance of inputs using Monte Carlo simulation. Three types of effects, first-order effect (FOE), second-order effect (SOE) and total effect (TE) were calculated. The results showed that 96% of the samples analysed were within the standard acceptable level (1.5 mg $ l^{−1} $) of WHO guidelines. The spatial distribution depicts that the eastern and south-eastern parts of the study area have the higher concentrations with the few spots of elevated concentration in the middle of the north and the south-west areas. The mean value of Hazard Index for children in the study region is less than 1, whereas the 95th percentile exceeded the value of 1 for both children and teens. The FOE shows the concentration of fluoride (Cw) is highly sensitive followed by exposure frequency (EF), intake rate ($ IR_{w} $) and body weight (BW). The SOE scores revealed that $ IR_{w} $–BW are the most important input parameters for the assessment of oral health risk. For the dermal model, the highest value of Sobol score was recorded for interactions Cw–SA for adults followed by teens and children. Further, the results show that the older-age groups have more dermal risk than the younger-age groups. The research explores the feasibility of SSA technique to investigate the effects of individual input parameters for health risk model and whether it can be applied to another contaminant. Groundwater (dpeaa)DE-He213 Sobol sensitivity analysis (dpeaa)DE-He213 Fluoride (dpeaa)DE-He213 Mid-Gangetic plain (dpeaa)DE-He213 Singh, Anshuman verfasserin aut Jha, Rishi Kumar verfasserin aut Sahoo, Sunil Kumar verfasserin aut Jha, Vivekanand verfasserin aut Enthalten in Water quality, exposure and health Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2009 11(2019), 2 vom: 02. Jan., Seite 139-151 (DE-627)598790721 (DE-600)2491734-5 1876-1666 nnns volume:11 year:2019 number:2 day:02 month:01 pages:139-151 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12403-018-00293-6 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 AR 11 2019 2 02 01 139-151
spelling	10.1007/s12403-018-00293-6 doi (DE-627)SPR02590731X (SPR)s12403-018-00293-6-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 ASE Kumar, Deepak verfasserin aut A Variance Decomposition Approach for Risk Assessment of Groundwater Quality 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract This research focuses on the assessment of fluoride doses in groundwater adopting the mathematical model employed by the USEPA. A total of 456 groundwater samples were tested to assess the spatial distribution of fluoride contamination in the study areas. Three age groups (children, teens and adults) were selected for two-way pathway exposure (potential dose and dermal dose) assessment. For uncertainty and sensitivity of inputs variables, a new emerging Sobol sensitivity analysis (SSA) technique was used to determine the relative importance of inputs using Monte Carlo simulation. Three types of effects, first-order effect (FOE), second-order effect (SOE) and total effect (TE) were calculated. The results showed that 96% of the samples analysed were within the standard acceptable level (1.5 mg $ l^{−1} $) of WHO guidelines. The spatial distribution depicts that the eastern and south-eastern parts of the study area have the higher concentrations with the few spots of elevated concentration in the middle of the north and the south-west areas. The mean value of Hazard Index for children in the study region is less than 1, whereas the 95th percentile exceeded the value of 1 for both children and teens. The FOE shows the concentration of fluoride (Cw) is highly sensitive followed by exposure frequency (EF), intake rate ($ IR_{w} $) and body weight (BW). The SOE scores revealed that $ IR_{w} $–BW are the most important input parameters for the assessment of oral health risk. For the dermal model, the highest value of Sobol score was recorded for interactions Cw–SA for adults followed by teens and children. Further, the results show that the older-age groups have more dermal risk than the younger-age groups. The research explores the feasibility of SSA technique to investigate the effects of individual input parameters for health risk model and whether it can be applied to another contaminant. Groundwater (dpeaa)DE-He213 Sobol sensitivity analysis (dpeaa)DE-He213 Fluoride (dpeaa)DE-He213 Mid-Gangetic plain (dpeaa)DE-He213 Singh, Anshuman verfasserin aut Jha, Rishi Kumar verfasserin aut Sahoo, Sunil Kumar verfasserin aut Jha, Vivekanand verfasserin aut Enthalten in Water quality, exposure and health Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2009 11(2019), 2 vom: 02. Jan., Seite 139-151 (DE-627)598790721 (DE-600)2491734-5 1876-1666 nnns volume:11 year:2019 number:2 day:02 month:01 pages:139-151 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12403-018-00293-6 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 AR 11 2019 2 02 01 139-151
allfields_unstemmed	10.1007/s12403-018-00293-6 doi (DE-627)SPR02590731X (SPR)s12403-018-00293-6-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 ASE Kumar, Deepak verfasserin aut A Variance Decomposition Approach for Risk Assessment of Groundwater Quality 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract This research focuses on the assessment of fluoride doses in groundwater adopting the mathematical model employed by the USEPA. A total of 456 groundwater samples were tested to assess the spatial distribution of fluoride contamination in the study areas. Three age groups (children, teens and adults) were selected for two-way pathway exposure (potential dose and dermal dose) assessment. For uncertainty and sensitivity of inputs variables, a new emerging Sobol sensitivity analysis (SSA) technique was used to determine the relative importance of inputs using Monte Carlo simulation. Three types of effects, first-order effect (FOE), second-order effect (SOE) and total effect (TE) were calculated. The results showed that 96% of the samples analysed were within the standard acceptable level (1.5 mg $ l^{−1} $) of WHO guidelines. The spatial distribution depicts that the eastern and south-eastern parts of the study area have the higher concentrations with the few spots of elevated concentration in the middle of the north and the south-west areas. The mean value of Hazard Index for children in the study region is less than 1, whereas the 95th percentile exceeded the value of 1 for both children and teens. The FOE shows the concentration of fluoride (Cw) is highly sensitive followed by exposure frequency (EF), intake rate ($ IR_{w} $) and body weight (BW). The SOE scores revealed that $ IR_{w} $–BW are the most important input parameters for the assessment of oral health risk. For the dermal model, the highest value of Sobol score was recorded for interactions Cw–SA for adults followed by teens and children. Further, the results show that the older-age groups have more dermal risk than the younger-age groups. The research explores the feasibility of SSA technique to investigate the effects of individual input parameters for health risk model and whether it can be applied to another contaminant. Groundwater (dpeaa)DE-He213 Sobol sensitivity analysis (dpeaa)DE-He213 Fluoride (dpeaa)DE-He213 Mid-Gangetic plain (dpeaa)DE-He213 Singh, Anshuman verfasserin aut Jha, Rishi Kumar verfasserin aut Sahoo, Sunil Kumar verfasserin aut Jha, Vivekanand verfasserin aut Enthalten in Water quality, exposure and health Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2009 11(2019), 2 vom: 02. Jan., Seite 139-151 (DE-627)598790721 (DE-600)2491734-5 1876-1666 nnns volume:11 year:2019 number:2 day:02 month:01 pages:139-151 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12403-018-00293-6 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 AR 11 2019 2 02 01 139-151
allfieldsGer	10.1007/s12403-018-00293-6 doi (DE-627)SPR02590731X (SPR)s12403-018-00293-6-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 ASE Kumar, Deepak verfasserin aut A Variance Decomposition Approach for Risk Assessment of Groundwater Quality 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract This research focuses on the assessment of fluoride doses in groundwater adopting the mathematical model employed by the USEPA. A total of 456 groundwater samples were tested to assess the spatial distribution of fluoride contamination in the study areas. Three age groups (children, teens and adults) were selected for two-way pathway exposure (potential dose and dermal dose) assessment. For uncertainty and sensitivity of inputs variables, a new emerging Sobol sensitivity analysis (SSA) technique was used to determine the relative importance of inputs using Monte Carlo simulation. Three types of effects, first-order effect (FOE), second-order effect (SOE) and total effect (TE) were calculated. The results showed that 96% of the samples analysed were within the standard acceptable level (1.5 mg $ l^{−1} $) of WHO guidelines. The spatial distribution depicts that the eastern and south-eastern parts of the study area have the higher concentrations with the few spots of elevated concentration in the middle of the north and the south-west areas. The mean value of Hazard Index for children in the study region is less than 1, whereas the 95th percentile exceeded the value of 1 for both children and teens. The FOE shows the concentration of fluoride (Cw) is highly sensitive followed by exposure frequency (EF), intake rate ($ IR_{w} $) and body weight (BW). The SOE scores revealed that $ IR_{w} $–BW are the most important input parameters for the assessment of oral health risk. For the dermal model, the highest value of Sobol score was recorded for interactions Cw–SA for adults followed by teens and children. Further, the results show that the older-age groups have more dermal risk than the younger-age groups. The research explores the feasibility of SSA technique to investigate the effects of individual input parameters for health risk model and whether it can be applied to another contaminant. Groundwater (dpeaa)DE-He213 Sobol sensitivity analysis (dpeaa)DE-He213 Fluoride (dpeaa)DE-He213 Mid-Gangetic plain (dpeaa)DE-He213 Singh, Anshuman verfasserin aut Jha, Rishi Kumar verfasserin aut Sahoo, Sunil Kumar verfasserin aut Jha, Vivekanand verfasserin aut Enthalten in Water quality, exposure and health Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2009 11(2019), 2 vom: 02. Jan., Seite 139-151 (DE-627)598790721 (DE-600)2491734-5 1876-1666 nnns volume:11 year:2019 number:2 day:02 month:01 pages:139-151 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12403-018-00293-6 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 AR 11 2019 2 02 01 139-151
allfieldsSound	10.1007/s12403-018-00293-6 doi (DE-627)SPR02590731X (SPR)s12403-018-00293-6-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 ASE Kumar, Deepak verfasserin aut A Variance Decomposition Approach for Risk Assessment of Groundwater Quality 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract This research focuses on the assessment of fluoride doses in groundwater adopting the mathematical model employed by the USEPA. A total of 456 groundwater samples were tested to assess the spatial distribution of fluoride contamination in the study areas. Three age groups (children, teens and adults) were selected for two-way pathway exposure (potential dose and dermal dose) assessment. For uncertainty and sensitivity of inputs variables, a new emerging Sobol sensitivity analysis (SSA) technique was used to determine the relative importance of inputs using Monte Carlo simulation. Three types of effects, first-order effect (FOE), second-order effect (SOE) and total effect (TE) were calculated. The results showed that 96% of the samples analysed were within the standard acceptable level (1.5 mg $ l^{−1} $) of WHO guidelines. The spatial distribution depicts that the eastern and south-eastern parts of the study area have the higher concentrations with the few spots of elevated concentration in the middle of the north and the south-west areas. The mean value of Hazard Index for children in the study region is less than 1, whereas the 95th percentile exceeded the value of 1 for both children and teens. The FOE shows the concentration of fluoride (Cw) is highly sensitive followed by exposure frequency (EF), intake rate ($ IR_{w} $) and body weight (BW). The SOE scores revealed that $ IR_{w} $–BW are the most important input parameters for the assessment of oral health risk. For the dermal model, the highest value of Sobol score was recorded for interactions Cw–SA for adults followed by teens and children. Further, the results show that the older-age groups have more dermal risk than the younger-age groups. The research explores the feasibility of SSA technique to investigate the effects of individual input parameters for health risk model and whether it can be applied to another contaminant. Groundwater (dpeaa)DE-He213 Sobol sensitivity analysis (dpeaa)DE-He213 Fluoride (dpeaa)DE-He213 Mid-Gangetic plain (dpeaa)DE-He213 Singh, Anshuman verfasserin aut Jha, Rishi Kumar verfasserin aut Sahoo, Sunil Kumar verfasserin aut Jha, Vivekanand verfasserin aut Enthalten in Water quality, exposure and health Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2009 11(2019), 2 vom: 02. Jan., Seite 139-151 (DE-627)598790721 (DE-600)2491734-5 1876-1666 nnns volume:11 year:2019 number:2 day:02 month:01 pages:139-151 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12403-018-00293-6 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 AR 11 2019 2 02 01 139-151
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author	Kumar, Deepak
spellingShingle	Kumar, Deepak ddc 550 misc Groundwater misc Sobol sensitivity analysis misc Fluoride misc Mid-Gangetic plain A Variance Decomposition Approach for Risk Assessment of Groundwater Quality
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topic_title	550 ASE A Variance Decomposition Approach for Risk Assessment of Groundwater Quality Groundwater (dpeaa)DE-He213 Sobol sensitivity analysis (dpeaa)DE-He213 Fluoride (dpeaa)DE-He213 Mid-Gangetic plain (dpeaa)DE-He213
topic	ddc 550 misc Groundwater misc Sobol sensitivity analysis misc Fluoride misc Mid-Gangetic plain
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title	A Variance Decomposition Approach for Risk Assessment of Groundwater Quality
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title_sort	variance decomposition approach for risk assessment of groundwater quality
title_auth	A Variance Decomposition Approach for Risk Assessment of Groundwater Quality
abstract	Abstract This research focuses on the assessment of fluoride doses in groundwater adopting the mathematical model employed by the USEPA. A total of 456 groundwater samples were tested to assess the spatial distribution of fluoride contamination in the study areas. Three age groups (children, teens and adults) were selected for two-way pathway exposure (potential dose and dermal dose) assessment. For uncertainty and sensitivity of inputs variables, a new emerging Sobol sensitivity analysis (SSA) technique was used to determine the relative importance of inputs using Monte Carlo simulation. Three types of effects, first-order effect (FOE), second-order effect (SOE) and total effect (TE) were calculated. The results showed that 96% of the samples analysed were within the standard acceptable level (1.5 mg $ l^{−1} $) of WHO guidelines. The spatial distribution depicts that the eastern and south-eastern parts of the study area have the higher concentrations with the few spots of elevated concentration in the middle of the north and the south-west areas. The mean value of Hazard Index for children in the study region is less than 1, whereas the 95th percentile exceeded the value of 1 for both children and teens. The FOE shows the concentration of fluoride (Cw) is highly sensitive followed by exposure frequency (EF), intake rate ($ IR_{w} $) and body weight (BW). The SOE scores revealed that $ IR_{w} $–BW are the most important input parameters for the assessment of oral health risk. For the dermal model, the highest value of Sobol score was recorded for interactions Cw–SA for adults followed by teens and children. Further, the results show that the older-age groups have more dermal risk than the younger-age groups. The research explores the feasibility of SSA technique to investigate the effects of individual input parameters for health risk model and whether it can be applied to another contaminant.
abstractGer	Abstract This research focuses on the assessment of fluoride doses in groundwater adopting the mathematical model employed by the USEPA. A total of 456 groundwater samples were tested to assess the spatial distribution of fluoride contamination in the study areas. Three age groups (children, teens and adults) were selected for two-way pathway exposure (potential dose and dermal dose) assessment. For uncertainty and sensitivity of inputs variables, a new emerging Sobol sensitivity analysis (SSA) technique was used to determine the relative importance of inputs using Monte Carlo simulation. Three types of effects, first-order effect (FOE), second-order effect (SOE) and total effect (TE) were calculated. The results showed that 96% of the samples analysed were within the standard acceptable level (1.5 mg $ l^{−1} $) of WHO guidelines. The spatial distribution depicts that the eastern and south-eastern parts of the study area have the higher concentrations with the few spots of elevated concentration in the middle of the north and the south-west areas. The mean value of Hazard Index for children in the study region is less than 1, whereas the 95th percentile exceeded the value of 1 for both children and teens. The FOE shows the concentration of fluoride (Cw) is highly sensitive followed by exposure frequency (EF), intake rate ($ IR_{w} $) and body weight (BW). The SOE scores revealed that $ IR_{w} $–BW are the most important input parameters for the assessment of oral health risk. For the dermal model, the highest value of Sobol score was recorded for interactions Cw–SA for adults followed by teens and children. Further, the results show that the older-age groups have more dermal risk than the younger-age groups. The research explores the feasibility of SSA technique to investigate the effects of individual input parameters for health risk model and whether it can be applied to another contaminant.
abstract_unstemmed	Abstract This research focuses on the assessment of fluoride doses in groundwater adopting the mathematical model employed by the USEPA. A total of 456 groundwater samples were tested to assess the spatial distribution of fluoride contamination in the study areas. Three age groups (children, teens and adults) were selected for two-way pathway exposure (potential dose and dermal dose) assessment. For uncertainty and sensitivity of inputs variables, a new emerging Sobol sensitivity analysis (SSA) technique was used to determine the relative importance of inputs using Monte Carlo simulation. Three types of effects, first-order effect (FOE), second-order effect (SOE) and total effect (TE) were calculated. The results showed that 96% of the samples analysed were within the standard acceptable level (1.5 mg $ l^{−1} $) of WHO guidelines. The spatial distribution depicts that the eastern and south-eastern parts of the study area have the higher concentrations with the few spots of elevated concentration in the middle of the north and the south-west areas. The mean value of Hazard Index for children in the study region is less than 1, whereas the 95th percentile exceeded the value of 1 for both children and teens. The FOE shows the concentration of fluoride (Cw) is highly sensitive followed by exposure frequency (EF), intake rate ($ IR_{w} $) and body weight (BW). The SOE scores revealed that $ IR_{w} $–BW are the most important input parameters for the assessment of oral health risk. For the dermal model, the highest value of Sobol score was recorded for interactions Cw–SA for adults followed by teens and children. Further, the results show that the older-age groups have more dermal risk than the younger-age groups. The research explores the feasibility of SSA technique to investigate the effects of individual input parameters for health risk model and whether it can be applied to another contaminant.
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title_short	A Variance Decomposition Approach for Risk Assessment of Groundwater Quality
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The mean value of Hazard Index for children in the study region is less than 1, whereas the 95th percentile exceeded the value of 1 for both children and teens. The FOE shows the concentration of fluoride (Cw) is highly sensitive followed by exposure frequency (EF), intake rate ($ IR_{w} $) and body weight (BW). The SOE scores revealed that $ IR_{w} $–BW are the most important input parameters for the assessment of oral health risk. For the dermal model, the highest value of Sobol score was recorded for interactions Cw–SA for adults followed by teens and children. Further, the results show that the older-age groups have more dermal risk than the younger-age groups. 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A Variance Decomposition Approach for Risk Assessment of Groundwater Quality

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