New supraglottic airway with built-in pressure indicator decreases postoperative pharyngolaryngeal symptoms: a randomized controlled trial
Purpose Excessive supraglottic airway cuff pressure increases postoperative pharyngolaryngeal symptoms such as sore throat, dysphonia, and dysphagia. A new supraglottic airway, AES Ultra CPV™ (CPV), has a built-in intracuff pressure indicator. We hypothesized that using the CPV would reduce postoper...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Autor*in: |
Wong, David T. [verfasserIn] |
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Format: |
E-Artikel |
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Sprache: |
Englisch |
Erschienen: |
2013 |
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Schlagwörter: |
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Anmerkung: |
© Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society 2013 |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Canadian journal of anesthesia - New York, NY : Springer, 1954, 60(2013), 12 vom: 05. Okt., Seite 1197-1203 |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:60 ; year:2013 ; number:12 ; day:05 ; month:10 ; pages:1197-1203 |
Links: |
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DOI / URN: |
10.1007/s12630-013-0044-2 |
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Katalog-ID: |
SPR026457121 |
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245 | 1 | 0 | |a New supraglottic airway with built-in pressure indicator decreases postoperative pharyngolaryngeal symptoms: a randomized controlled trial |
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520 | |a Purpose Excessive supraglottic airway cuff pressure increases postoperative pharyngolaryngeal symptoms such as sore throat, dysphonia, and dysphagia. A new supraglottic airway, AES Ultra CPV™ (CPV), has a built-in intracuff pressure indicator. We hypothesized that using the CPV would reduce postoperative symptoms when compared with the LMA Classic™ (LMA) without intracuff pressure guidance. Methods Ambulatory patients undergoing general anesthesia were randomized to either CPV or LMA. A size 3/4/5 was inserted according to manufacturer guidelines. Nitrous oxide was not used. In the LMA Group, the cuff was inflated according to manufacturer’s guidelines. In the CPV Group, a CPV was inserted and the cuff inflated until the indicator was in the green zone (30-44 mmHg). Intracuff pressures were measured at five minutes and 20 min post-insertion in both groups. The primary outcome was the incidence of pharyngolaryngeal symptoms, defined as sore throat, dysphonia, and/or dysphagia at one, two, and/or 24 hr postoperatively. Continuous data were compared using Student’s t test and categorical data were analyzed using Chi square analysis. Results The study included 170 patients, 85 per group. The mean (SD) intracuff pressure in the CPV group was significantly lower [44 (4) mmHg] than in the LMA Group [87 (37) mmHg]; P < 0.001. The incidence of pharyngolaryngeal symptoms was significantly lower in the CPV Group than in the LMA Group (26% vs 49%; P = 0.002). The absolute risk reduction was 24%, and the number-needed-to-treat was 4.3. Conclusion The incidence of postoperative pharyngolaryngeal symptoms in the CPV Group with a cuff pressure-guided strategy was significantly lower than in the LMA Group with standard practice. (Clinical trial registration number: NCT01800344). | ||
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700 | 1 | |a Tam, Amanda D. |4 aut | |
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700 | 1 | |a Raveendran, Raviraj |4 aut | |
700 | 1 | |a Riad, Waleed |4 aut | |
700 | 1 | |a Chung, Frances F. |4 aut | |
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10.1007/s12630-013-0044-2 doi (DE-627)SPR026457121 (SPR)s12630-013-0044-2-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Wong, David T. verfasserin aut New supraglottic airway with built-in pressure indicator decreases postoperative pharyngolaryngeal symptoms: a randomized controlled trial 2013 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society 2013 Purpose Excessive supraglottic airway cuff pressure increases postoperative pharyngolaryngeal symptoms such as sore throat, dysphonia, and dysphagia. A new supraglottic airway, AES Ultra CPV™ (CPV), has a built-in intracuff pressure indicator. We hypothesized that using the CPV would reduce postoperative symptoms when compared with the LMA Classic™ (LMA) without intracuff pressure guidance. Methods Ambulatory patients undergoing general anesthesia were randomized to either CPV or LMA. A size 3/4/5 was inserted according to manufacturer guidelines. Nitrous oxide was not used. In the LMA Group, the cuff was inflated according to manufacturer’s guidelines. In the CPV Group, a CPV was inserted and the cuff inflated until the indicator was in the green zone (30-44 mmHg). Intracuff pressures were measured at five minutes and 20 min post-insertion in both groups. The primary outcome was the incidence of pharyngolaryngeal symptoms, defined as sore throat, dysphonia, and/or dysphagia at one, two, and/or 24 hr postoperatively. Continuous data were compared using Student’s t test and categorical data were analyzed using Chi square analysis. Results The study included 170 patients, 85 per group. The mean (SD) intracuff pressure in the CPV group was significantly lower [44 (4) mmHg] than in the LMA Group [87 (37) mmHg]; P < 0.001. The incidence of pharyngolaryngeal symptoms was significantly lower in the CPV Group than in the LMA Group (26% vs 49%; P = 0.002). The absolute risk reduction was 24%, and the number-needed-to-treat was 4.3. Conclusion The incidence of postoperative pharyngolaryngeal symptoms in the CPV Group with a cuff pressure-guided strategy was significantly lower than in the LMA Group with standard practice. (Clinical trial registration number: NCT01800344). Sore Throat (dpeaa)DE-He213 Airway Device (dpeaa)DE-He213 Green Zone (dpeaa)DE-He213 Supraglottic Airway (dpeaa)DE-He213 Intracuff Pressure (dpeaa)DE-He213 Tam, Amanda D. aut Mehta, Vanita aut Raveendran, Raviraj aut Riad, Waleed aut Chung, Frances F. aut Enthalten in Canadian journal of anesthesia New York, NY : Springer, 1954 60(2013), 12 vom: 05. Okt., Seite 1197-1203 (DE-627)331018578 (DE-600)2050416-0 1496-8975 nnns volume:60 year:2013 number:12 day:05 month:10 pages:1197-1203 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12630-013-0044-2 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2070 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 60 2013 12 05 10 1197-1203 |
spelling |
10.1007/s12630-013-0044-2 doi (DE-627)SPR026457121 (SPR)s12630-013-0044-2-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Wong, David T. verfasserin aut New supraglottic airway with built-in pressure indicator decreases postoperative pharyngolaryngeal symptoms: a randomized controlled trial 2013 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society 2013 Purpose Excessive supraglottic airway cuff pressure increases postoperative pharyngolaryngeal symptoms such as sore throat, dysphonia, and dysphagia. A new supraglottic airway, AES Ultra CPV™ (CPV), has a built-in intracuff pressure indicator. We hypothesized that using the CPV would reduce postoperative symptoms when compared with the LMA Classic™ (LMA) without intracuff pressure guidance. Methods Ambulatory patients undergoing general anesthesia were randomized to either CPV or LMA. A size 3/4/5 was inserted according to manufacturer guidelines. Nitrous oxide was not used. In the LMA Group, the cuff was inflated according to manufacturer’s guidelines. In the CPV Group, a CPV was inserted and the cuff inflated until the indicator was in the green zone (30-44 mmHg). Intracuff pressures were measured at five minutes and 20 min post-insertion in both groups. The primary outcome was the incidence of pharyngolaryngeal symptoms, defined as sore throat, dysphonia, and/or dysphagia at one, two, and/or 24 hr postoperatively. Continuous data were compared using Student’s t test and categorical data were analyzed using Chi square analysis. Results The study included 170 patients, 85 per group. The mean (SD) intracuff pressure in the CPV group was significantly lower [44 (4) mmHg] than in the LMA Group [87 (37) mmHg]; P < 0.001. The incidence of pharyngolaryngeal symptoms was significantly lower in the CPV Group than in the LMA Group (26% vs 49%; P = 0.002). The absolute risk reduction was 24%, and the number-needed-to-treat was 4.3. Conclusion The incidence of postoperative pharyngolaryngeal symptoms in the CPV Group with a cuff pressure-guided strategy was significantly lower than in the LMA Group with standard practice. (Clinical trial registration number: NCT01800344). Sore Throat (dpeaa)DE-He213 Airway Device (dpeaa)DE-He213 Green Zone (dpeaa)DE-He213 Supraglottic Airway (dpeaa)DE-He213 Intracuff Pressure (dpeaa)DE-He213 Tam, Amanda D. aut Mehta, Vanita aut Raveendran, Raviraj aut Riad, Waleed aut Chung, Frances F. aut Enthalten in Canadian journal of anesthesia New York, NY : Springer, 1954 60(2013), 12 vom: 05. Okt., Seite 1197-1203 (DE-627)331018578 (DE-600)2050416-0 1496-8975 nnns volume:60 year:2013 number:12 day:05 month:10 pages:1197-1203 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12630-013-0044-2 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2070 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 60 2013 12 05 10 1197-1203 |
allfields_unstemmed |
10.1007/s12630-013-0044-2 doi (DE-627)SPR026457121 (SPR)s12630-013-0044-2-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Wong, David T. verfasserin aut New supraglottic airway with built-in pressure indicator decreases postoperative pharyngolaryngeal symptoms: a randomized controlled trial 2013 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society 2013 Purpose Excessive supraglottic airway cuff pressure increases postoperative pharyngolaryngeal symptoms such as sore throat, dysphonia, and dysphagia. A new supraglottic airway, AES Ultra CPV™ (CPV), has a built-in intracuff pressure indicator. We hypothesized that using the CPV would reduce postoperative symptoms when compared with the LMA Classic™ (LMA) without intracuff pressure guidance. Methods Ambulatory patients undergoing general anesthesia were randomized to either CPV or LMA. A size 3/4/5 was inserted according to manufacturer guidelines. Nitrous oxide was not used. In the LMA Group, the cuff was inflated according to manufacturer’s guidelines. In the CPV Group, a CPV was inserted and the cuff inflated until the indicator was in the green zone (30-44 mmHg). Intracuff pressures were measured at five minutes and 20 min post-insertion in both groups. The primary outcome was the incidence of pharyngolaryngeal symptoms, defined as sore throat, dysphonia, and/or dysphagia at one, two, and/or 24 hr postoperatively. Continuous data were compared using Student’s t test and categorical data were analyzed using Chi square analysis. Results The study included 170 patients, 85 per group. The mean (SD) intracuff pressure in the CPV group was significantly lower [44 (4) mmHg] than in the LMA Group [87 (37) mmHg]; P < 0.001. The incidence of pharyngolaryngeal symptoms was significantly lower in the CPV Group than in the LMA Group (26% vs 49%; P = 0.002). The absolute risk reduction was 24%, and the number-needed-to-treat was 4.3. Conclusion The incidence of postoperative pharyngolaryngeal symptoms in the CPV Group with a cuff pressure-guided strategy was significantly lower than in the LMA Group with standard practice. (Clinical trial registration number: NCT01800344). Sore Throat (dpeaa)DE-He213 Airway Device (dpeaa)DE-He213 Green Zone (dpeaa)DE-He213 Supraglottic Airway (dpeaa)DE-He213 Intracuff Pressure (dpeaa)DE-He213 Tam, Amanda D. aut Mehta, Vanita aut Raveendran, Raviraj aut Riad, Waleed aut Chung, Frances F. aut Enthalten in Canadian journal of anesthesia New York, NY : Springer, 1954 60(2013), 12 vom: 05. Okt., Seite 1197-1203 (DE-627)331018578 (DE-600)2050416-0 1496-8975 nnns volume:60 year:2013 number:12 day:05 month:10 pages:1197-1203 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12630-013-0044-2 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2070 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 60 2013 12 05 10 1197-1203 |
allfieldsGer |
10.1007/s12630-013-0044-2 doi (DE-627)SPR026457121 (SPR)s12630-013-0044-2-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Wong, David T. verfasserin aut New supraglottic airway with built-in pressure indicator decreases postoperative pharyngolaryngeal symptoms: a randomized controlled trial 2013 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society 2013 Purpose Excessive supraglottic airway cuff pressure increases postoperative pharyngolaryngeal symptoms such as sore throat, dysphonia, and dysphagia. A new supraglottic airway, AES Ultra CPV™ (CPV), has a built-in intracuff pressure indicator. We hypothesized that using the CPV would reduce postoperative symptoms when compared with the LMA Classic™ (LMA) without intracuff pressure guidance. Methods Ambulatory patients undergoing general anesthesia were randomized to either CPV or LMA. A size 3/4/5 was inserted according to manufacturer guidelines. Nitrous oxide was not used. In the LMA Group, the cuff was inflated according to manufacturer’s guidelines. In the CPV Group, a CPV was inserted and the cuff inflated until the indicator was in the green zone (30-44 mmHg). Intracuff pressures were measured at five minutes and 20 min post-insertion in both groups. The primary outcome was the incidence of pharyngolaryngeal symptoms, defined as sore throat, dysphonia, and/or dysphagia at one, two, and/or 24 hr postoperatively. Continuous data were compared using Student’s t test and categorical data were analyzed using Chi square analysis. Results The study included 170 patients, 85 per group. The mean (SD) intracuff pressure in the CPV group was significantly lower [44 (4) mmHg] than in the LMA Group [87 (37) mmHg]; P < 0.001. The incidence of pharyngolaryngeal symptoms was significantly lower in the CPV Group than in the LMA Group (26% vs 49%; P = 0.002). The absolute risk reduction was 24%, and the number-needed-to-treat was 4.3. Conclusion The incidence of postoperative pharyngolaryngeal symptoms in the CPV Group with a cuff pressure-guided strategy was significantly lower than in the LMA Group with standard practice. (Clinical trial registration number: NCT01800344). Sore Throat (dpeaa)DE-He213 Airway Device (dpeaa)DE-He213 Green Zone (dpeaa)DE-He213 Supraglottic Airway (dpeaa)DE-He213 Intracuff Pressure (dpeaa)DE-He213 Tam, Amanda D. aut Mehta, Vanita aut Raveendran, Raviraj aut Riad, Waleed aut Chung, Frances F. aut Enthalten in Canadian journal of anesthesia New York, NY : Springer, 1954 60(2013), 12 vom: 05. Okt., Seite 1197-1203 (DE-627)331018578 (DE-600)2050416-0 1496-8975 nnns volume:60 year:2013 number:12 day:05 month:10 pages:1197-1203 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12630-013-0044-2 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2070 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 60 2013 12 05 10 1197-1203 |
allfieldsSound |
10.1007/s12630-013-0044-2 doi (DE-627)SPR026457121 (SPR)s12630-013-0044-2-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Wong, David T. verfasserin aut New supraglottic airway with built-in pressure indicator decreases postoperative pharyngolaryngeal symptoms: a randomized controlled trial 2013 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society 2013 Purpose Excessive supraglottic airway cuff pressure increases postoperative pharyngolaryngeal symptoms such as sore throat, dysphonia, and dysphagia. A new supraglottic airway, AES Ultra CPV™ (CPV), has a built-in intracuff pressure indicator. We hypothesized that using the CPV would reduce postoperative symptoms when compared with the LMA Classic™ (LMA) without intracuff pressure guidance. Methods Ambulatory patients undergoing general anesthesia were randomized to either CPV or LMA. A size 3/4/5 was inserted according to manufacturer guidelines. Nitrous oxide was not used. In the LMA Group, the cuff was inflated according to manufacturer’s guidelines. In the CPV Group, a CPV was inserted and the cuff inflated until the indicator was in the green zone (30-44 mmHg). Intracuff pressures were measured at five minutes and 20 min post-insertion in both groups. The primary outcome was the incidence of pharyngolaryngeal symptoms, defined as sore throat, dysphonia, and/or dysphagia at one, two, and/or 24 hr postoperatively. Continuous data were compared using Student’s t test and categorical data were analyzed using Chi square analysis. Results The study included 170 patients, 85 per group. The mean (SD) intracuff pressure in the CPV group was significantly lower [44 (4) mmHg] than in the LMA Group [87 (37) mmHg]; P < 0.001. The incidence of pharyngolaryngeal symptoms was significantly lower in the CPV Group than in the LMA Group (26% vs 49%; P = 0.002). The absolute risk reduction was 24%, and the number-needed-to-treat was 4.3. Conclusion The incidence of postoperative pharyngolaryngeal symptoms in the CPV Group with a cuff pressure-guided strategy was significantly lower than in the LMA Group with standard practice. (Clinical trial registration number: NCT01800344). Sore Throat (dpeaa)DE-He213 Airway Device (dpeaa)DE-He213 Green Zone (dpeaa)DE-He213 Supraglottic Airway (dpeaa)DE-He213 Intracuff Pressure (dpeaa)DE-He213 Tam, Amanda D. aut Mehta, Vanita aut Raveendran, Raviraj aut Riad, Waleed aut Chung, Frances F. aut Enthalten in Canadian journal of anesthesia New York, NY : Springer, 1954 60(2013), 12 vom: 05. Okt., Seite 1197-1203 (DE-627)331018578 (DE-600)2050416-0 1496-8975 nnns volume:60 year:2013 number:12 day:05 month:10 pages:1197-1203 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12630-013-0044-2 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2070 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 60 2013 12 05 10 1197-1203 |
language |
English |
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Enthalten in Canadian journal of anesthesia 60(2013), 12 vom: 05. Okt., Seite 1197-1203 volume:60 year:2013 number:12 day:05 month:10 pages:1197-1203 |
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Enthalten in Canadian journal of anesthesia 60(2013), 12 vom: 05. Okt., Seite 1197-1203 volume:60 year:2013 number:12 day:05 month:10 pages:1197-1203 |
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Article |
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topic_facet |
Sore Throat Airway Device Green Zone Supraglottic Airway Intracuff Pressure |
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Canadian journal of anesthesia |
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Wong, David T. @@aut@@ Tam, Amanda D. @@aut@@ Mehta, Vanita @@aut@@ Raveendran, Raviraj @@aut@@ Riad, Waleed @@aut@@ Chung, Frances F. @@aut@@ |
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2013-10-05T00:00:00Z |
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01000caa a22002652 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">SPR026457121</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-627</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20230519234826.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">201007s2013 xx |||||o 00| ||eng c</controlfield><datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.1007/s12630-013-0044-2</subfield><subfield code="2">doi</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-627)SPR026457121</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(SPR)s12630-013-0044-2-e</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="c">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Wong, David T.</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">New supraglottic airway with built-in pressure indicator decreases postoperative pharyngolaryngeal symptoms: a randomized controlled trial</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2013</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Computermedien</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Online-Ressource</subfield><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">© Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society 2013</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Purpose Excessive supraglottic airway cuff pressure increases postoperative pharyngolaryngeal symptoms such as sore throat, dysphonia, and dysphagia. A new supraglottic airway, AES Ultra CPV™ (CPV), has a built-in intracuff pressure indicator. We hypothesized that using the CPV would reduce postoperative symptoms when compared with the LMA Classic™ (LMA) without intracuff pressure guidance. Methods Ambulatory patients undergoing general anesthesia were randomized to either CPV or LMA. A size 3/4/5 was inserted according to manufacturer guidelines. Nitrous oxide was not used. In the LMA Group, the cuff was inflated according to manufacturer’s guidelines. In the CPV Group, a CPV was inserted and the cuff inflated until the indicator was in the green zone (30-44 mmHg). Intracuff pressures were measured at five minutes and 20 min post-insertion in both groups. The primary outcome was the incidence of pharyngolaryngeal symptoms, defined as sore throat, dysphonia, and/or dysphagia at one, two, and/or 24 hr postoperatively. Continuous data were compared using Student’s t test and categorical data were analyzed using Chi square analysis. Results The study included 170 patients, 85 per group. The mean (SD) intracuff pressure in the CPV group was significantly lower [44 (4) mmHg] than in the LMA Group [87 (37) mmHg]; P < 0.001. The incidence of pharyngolaryngeal symptoms was significantly lower in the CPV Group than in the LMA Group (26% vs 49%; P = 0.002). The absolute risk reduction was 24%, and the number-needed-to-treat was 4.3. Conclusion The incidence of postoperative pharyngolaryngeal symptoms in the CPV Group with a cuff pressure-guided strategy was significantly lower than in the LMA Group with standard practice. 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author |
Wong, David T. |
spellingShingle |
Wong, David T. misc Sore Throat misc Airway Device misc Green Zone misc Supraglottic Airway misc Intracuff Pressure New supraglottic airway with built-in pressure indicator decreases postoperative pharyngolaryngeal symptoms: a randomized controlled trial |
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New supraglottic airway with built-in pressure indicator decreases postoperative pharyngolaryngeal symptoms: a randomized controlled trial Sore Throat (dpeaa)DE-He213 Airway Device (dpeaa)DE-He213 Green Zone (dpeaa)DE-He213 Supraglottic Airway (dpeaa)DE-He213 Intracuff Pressure (dpeaa)DE-He213 |
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misc Sore Throat misc Airway Device misc Green Zone misc Supraglottic Airway misc Intracuff Pressure |
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misc Sore Throat misc Airway Device misc Green Zone misc Supraglottic Airway misc Intracuff Pressure |
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misc Sore Throat misc Airway Device misc Green Zone misc Supraglottic Airway misc Intracuff Pressure |
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New supraglottic airway with built-in pressure indicator decreases postoperative pharyngolaryngeal symptoms: a randomized controlled trial |
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New supraglottic airway with built-in pressure indicator decreases postoperative pharyngolaryngeal symptoms: a randomized controlled trial |
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Wong, David T. |
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Canadian journal of anesthesia |
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Wong, David T. Tam, Amanda D. Mehta, Vanita Raveendran, Raviraj Riad, Waleed Chung, Frances F. |
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Wong, David T. |
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new supraglottic airway with built-in pressure indicator decreases postoperative pharyngolaryngeal symptoms: a randomized controlled trial |
title_auth |
New supraglottic airway with built-in pressure indicator decreases postoperative pharyngolaryngeal symptoms: a randomized controlled trial |
abstract |
Purpose Excessive supraglottic airway cuff pressure increases postoperative pharyngolaryngeal symptoms such as sore throat, dysphonia, and dysphagia. A new supraglottic airway, AES Ultra CPV™ (CPV), has a built-in intracuff pressure indicator. We hypothesized that using the CPV would reduce postoperative symptoms when compared with the LMA Classic™ (LMA) without intracuff pressure guidance. Methods Ambulatory patients undergoing general anesthesia were randomized to either CPV or LMA. A size 3/4/5 was inserted according to manufacturer guidelines. Nitrous oxide was not used. In the LMA Group, the cuff was inflated according to manufacturer’s guidelines. In the CPV Group, a CPV was inserted and the cuff inflated until the indicator was in the green zone (30-44 mmHg). Intracuff pressures were measured at five minutes and 20 min post-insertion in both groups. The primary outcome was the incidence of pharyngolaryngeal symptoms, defined as sore throat, dysphonia, and/or dysphagia at one, two, and/or 24 hr postoperatively. Continuous data were compared using Student’s t test and categorical data were analyzed using Chi square analysis. Results The study included 170 patients, 85 per group. The mean (SD) intracuff pressure in the CPV group was significantly lower [44 (4) mmHg] than in the LMA Group [87 (37) mmHg]; P < 0.001. The incidence of pharyngolaryngeal symptoms was significantly lower in the CPV Group than in the LMA Group (26% vs 49%; P = 0.002). The absolute risk reduction was 24%, and the number-needed-to-treat was 4.3. Conclusion The incidence of postoperative pharyngolaryngeal symptoms in the CPV Group with a cuff pressure-guided strategy was significantly lower than in the LMA Group with standard practice. (Clinical trial registration number: NCT01800344). © Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society 2013 |
abstractGer |
Purpose Excessive supraglottic airway cuff pressure increases postoperative pharyngolaryngeal symptoms such as sore throat, dysphonia, and dysphagia. A new supraglottic airway, AES Ultra CPV™ (CPV), has a built-in intracuff pressure indicator. We hypothesized that using the CPV would reduce postoperative symptoms when compared with the LMA Classic™ (LMA) without intracuff pressure guidance. Methods Ambulatory patients undergoing general anesthesia were randomized to either CPV or LMA. A size 3/4/5 was inserted according to manufacturer guidelines. Nitrous oxide was not used. In the LMA Group, the cuff was inflated according to manufacturer’s guidelines. In the CPV Group, a CPV was inserted and the cuff inflated until the indicator was in the green zone (30-44 mmHg). Intracuff pressures were measured at five minutes and 20 min post-insertion in both groups. The primary outcome was the incidence of pharyngolaryngeal symptoms, defined as sore throat, dysphonia, and/or dysphagia at one, two, and/or 24 hr postoperatively. Continuous data were compared using Student’s t test and categorical data were analyzed using Chi square analysis. Results The study included 170 patients, 85 per group. The mean (SD) intracuff pressure in the CPV group was significantly lower [44 (4) mmHg] than in the LMA Group [87 (37) mmHg]; P < 0.001. The incidence of pharyngolaryngeal symptoms was significantly lower in the CPV Group than in the LMA Group (26% vs 49%; P = 0.002). The absolute risk reduction was 24%, and the number-needed-to-treat was 4.3. Conclusion The incidence of postoperative pharyngolaryngeal symptoms in the CPV Group with a cuff pressure-guided strategy was significantly lower than in the LMA Group with standard practice. (Clinical trial registration number: NCT01800344). © Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society 2013 |
abstract_unstemmed |
Purpose Excessive supraglottic airway cuff pressure increases postoperative pharyngolaryngeal symptoms such as sore throat, dysphonia, and dysphagia. A new supraglottic airway, AES Ultra CPV™ (CPV), has a built-in intracuff pressure indicator. We hypothesized that using the CPV would reduce postoperative symptoms when compared with the LMA Classic™ (LMA) without intracuff pressure guidance. Methods Ambulatory patients undergoing general anesthesia were randomized to either CPV or LMA. A size 3/4/5 was inserted according to manufacturer guidelines. Nitrous oxide was not used. In the LMA Group, the cuff was inflated according to manufacturer’s guidelines. In the CPV Group, a CPV was inserted and the cuff inflated until the indicator was in the green zone (30-44 mmHg). Intracuff pressures were measured at five minutes and 20 min post-insertion in both groups. The primary outcome was the incidence of pharyngolaryngeal symptoms, defined as sore throat, dysphonia, and/or dysphagia at one, two, and/or 24 hr postoperatively. Continuous data were compared using Student’s t test and categorical data were analyzed using Chi square analysis. Results The study included 170 patients, 85 per group. The mean (SD) intracuff pressure in the CPV group was significantly lower [44 (4) mmHg] than in the LMA Group [87 (37) mmHg]; P < 0.001. The incidence of pharyngolaryngeal symptoms was significantly lower in the CPV Group than in the LMA Group (26% vs 49%; P = 0.002). The absolute risk reduction was 24%, and the number-needed-to-treat was 4.3. Conclusion The incidence of postoperative pharyngolaryngeal symptoms in the CPV Group with a cuff pressure-guided strategy was significantly lower than in the LMA Group with standard practice. (Clinical trial registration number: NCT01800344). © Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society 2013 |
collection_details |
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container_issue |
12 |
title_short |
New supraglottic airway with built-in pressure indicator decreases postoperative pharyngolaryngeal symptoms: a randomized controlled trial |
url |
https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12630-013-0044-2 |
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author2 |
Tam, Amanda D. Mehta, Vanita Raveendran, Raviraj Riad, Waleed Chung, Frances F. |
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Tam, Amanda D. Mehta, Vanita Raveendran, Raviraj Riad, Waleed Chung, Frances F. |
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doi_str |
10.1007/s12630-013-0044-2 |
up_date |
2024-07-03T20:53:54.197Z |
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A new supraglottic airway, AES Ultra CPV™ (CPV), has a built-in intracuff pressure indicator. We hypothesized that using the CPV would reduce postoperative symptoms when compared with the LMA Classic™ (LMA) without intracuff pressure guidance. Methods Ambulatory patients undergoing general anesthesia were randomized to either CPV or LMA. A size 3/4/5 was inserted according to manufacturer guidelines. Nitrous oxide was not used. In the LMA Group, the cuff was inflated according to manufacturer’s guidelines. In the CPV Group, a CPV was inserted and the cuff inflated until the indicator was in the green zone (30-44 mmHg). Intracuff pressures were measured at five minutes and 20 min post-insertion in both groups. The primary outcome was the incidence of pharyngolaryngeal symptoms, defined as sore throat, dysphonia, and/or dysphagia at one, two, and/or 24 hr postoperatively. Continuous data were compared using Student’s t test and categorical data were analyzed using Chi square analysis. 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score |
7.400918 |