Characterization and gene expression analysis of the cir multi-gene family of plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi (AS)

Background The pir genes comprise the largest multi-gene family in Plasmodium, with members found in P. vivax, P. knowlesi and the rodent malaria species. Despite comprising up to 5% of the genome, little is known about the functions of the proteins encoded by pir genes. P. chabaudi causes chronic infection in mice, which may be due to antigenic variation. In this model, pir genes are called cir s and may be involved in this mechanism, allowing evasion of host immune responses. In order to fully understand the role(s) of CIR proteins during P. chabaudi infection, a detailed characterization of the cir gene family was required. Results The cir repertoire was annotated and a detailed bioinformatic characterization of the encoded CIR proteins was performed. Two major sub-families were identified, which have been named A and B. Members of each sub-family displayed different amino acid motifs, and were thus predicted to have undergone functional divergence. In addition, the expression of the entire cir repertoire was analyzed via RNA sequencing and microarray. Up to 40% of the cir gene repertoire was expressed in the parasite population during infection, and dominant cir transcripts could be identified. In addition, some differences were observed in the pattern of expression between the cir subgroups at the peak of P. chabaudi infection. Finally, specific cir genes were expressed at different time points during asexual blood stages. Conclusions In conclusion, the large number of cir genes and their expression throughout the intraerythrocytic cycle of development indicates that CIR proteins are likely to be important for parasite survival. In particular, the detection of dominant cir transcripts at the peak of P. chabaudi infection supports the idea that CIR proteins are expressed, and could perform important functions in the biology of this parasite. Further application of the methodologies described here may allow the elucidation of CIR sub-family A and B protein functions, including their contribution to antigenic variation and immune evasion. Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Lawton, Jennifer [verfasserIn] Brugat, Thibaut Yan, Yam Xue Reid, Adam James Böhme, Ulrike Otto, Thomas Dan Pain, Arnab Jackson, Andrew Berriman, Matthew Cunningham, Deirdre Preiser, Peter Langhorne, Jean

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2012

Schlagwörter:	Antigenic Variation Amino Acid Motif Rodent Malaria Parasite Variant Surface Antigen Conserve Amino Acid Motif

Anmerkung:	© Lawton et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2012. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: BMC genomics - London : BioMed Central, 2000, 13(2012), 1 vom: 29. März
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:13 ; year:2012 ; number:1 ; day:29 ; month:03

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1186/1471-2164-13-125

Katalog-ID:	SPR027067610

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100	1		\|a Lawton, Jennifer \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
245	1	0	\|a Characterization and gene expression analysis of the cir multi-gene family of plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi (AS)
264		1	\|c 2012
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520			\|a Background The pir genes comprise the largest multi-gene family in Plasmodium, with members found in P. vivax, P. knowlesi and the rodent malaria species. Despite comprising up to 5% of the genome, little is known about the functions of the proteins encoded by pir genes. P. chabaudi causes chronic infection in mice, which may be due to antigenic variation. In this model, pir genes are called cir s and may be involved in this mechanism, allowing evasion of host immune responses. In order to fully understand the role(s) of CIR proteins during P. chabaudi infection, a detailed characterization of the cir gene family was required. Results The cir repertoire was annotated and a detailed bioinformatic characterization of the encoded CIR proteins was performed. Two major sub-families were identified, which have been named A and B. Members of each sub-family displayed different amino acid motifs, and were thus predicted to have undergone functional divergence. In addition, the expression of the entire cir repertoire was analyzed via RNA sequencing and microarray. Up to 40% of the cir gene repertoire was expressed in the parasite population during infection, and dominant cir transcripts could be identified. In addition, some differences were observed in the pattern of expression between the cir subgroups at the peak of P. chabaudi infection. Finally, specific cir genes were expressed at different time points during asexual blood stages. Conclusions In conclusion, the large number of cir genes and their expression throughout the intraerythrocytic cycle of development indicates that CIR proteins are likely to be important for parasite survival. In particular, the detection of dominant cir transcripts at the peak of P. chabaudi infection supports the idea that CIR proteins are expressed, and could perform important functions in the biology of this parasite. Further application of the methodologies described here may allow the elucidation of CIR sub-family A and B protein functions, including their contribution to antigenic variation and immune evasion.
650		4	\|a Antigenic Variation \|7 (dpeaa)DE-He213
650		4	\|a Amino Acid Motif \|7 (dpeaa)DE-He213
650		4	\|a Rodent Malaria Parasite \|7 (dpeaa)DE-He213
650		4	\|a Variant Surface Antigen \|7 (dpeaa)DE-He213
650		4	\|a Conserve Amino Acid Motif \|7 (dpeaa)DE-He213
700	1		\|a Brugat, Thibaut \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Yan, Yam Xue \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Reid, Adam James \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Böhme, Ulrike \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Otto, Thomas Dan \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Pain, Arnab \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Jackson, Andrew \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Berriman, Matthew \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Cunningham, Deirdre \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Preiser, Peter \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Langhorne, Jean \|4 aut
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912			\|a GBV_ILN_95
912			\|a GBV_ILN_105
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912			\|a GBV_ILN_151
912			\|a GBV_ILN_161
912			\|a GBV_ILN_170
912			\|a GBV_ILN_206
912			\|a GBV_ILN_213
912			\|a GBV_ILN_230
912			\|a GBV_ILN_285
912			\|a GBV_ILN_293
912			\|a GBV_ILN_602
912			\|a GBV_ILN_702
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2001
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912			\|a GBV_ILN_2111
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2113
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2190
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4012
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912			\|a GBV_ILN_4306
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4307
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4313
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4322
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4323
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4324
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4325
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4338
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4367
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4700
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952			\|d 13 \|j 2012 \|e 1 \|b 29 \|c 03

Indexfelder

author_variant	j l jl t b tb y x y yx yxy a j r aj ajr u b ub t d o td tdo a p ap a j aj m b mb d c dc p p pp j l jl
matchkey_str	article:14712164:2012----::hrceiainngnepesoaayioteimlieeaiyfl
hierarchy_sort_str	2012
publishDate	2012
allfields	10.1186/1471-2164-13-125 doi (DE-627)SPR027067610 (SPR)1471-2164-13-125-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Lawton, Jennifer verfasserin aut Characterization and gene expression analysis of the cir multi-gene family of plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi (AS) 2012 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Lawton et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2012. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( Background The pir genes comprise the largest multi-gene family in Plasmodium, with members found in P. vivax, P. knowlesi and the rodent malaria species. Despite comprising up to 5% of the genome, little is known about the functions of the proteins encoded by pir genes. P. chabaudi causes chronic infection in mice, which may be due to antigenic variation. In this model, pir genes are called cir s and may be involved in this mechanism, allowing evasion of host immune responses. In order to fully understand the role(s) of CIR proteins during P. chabaudi infection, a detailed characterization of the cir gene family was required. Results The cir repertoire was annotated and a detailed bioinformatic characterization of the encoded CIR proteins was performed. Two major sub-families were identified, which have been named A and B. Members of each sub-family displayed different amino acid motifs, and were thus predicted to have undergone functional divergence. In addition, the expression of the entire cir repertoire was analyzed via RNA sequencing and microarray. Up to 40% of the cir gene repertoire was expressed in the parasite population during infection, and dominant cir transcripts could be identified. In addition, some differences were observed in the pattern of expression between the cir subgroups at the peak of P. chabaudi infection. Finally, specific cir genes were expressed at different time points during asexual blood stages. Conclusions In conclusion, the large number of cir genes and their expression throughout the intraerythrocytic cycle of development indicates that CIR proteins are likely to be important for parasite survival. In particular, the detection of dominant cir transcripts at the peak of P. chabaudi infection supports the idea that CIR proteins are expressed, and could perform important functions in the biology of this parasite. Further application of the methodologies described here may allow the elucidation of CIR sub-family A and B protein functions, including their contribution to antigenic variation and immune evasion. Antigenic Variation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Amino Acid Motif (dpeaa)DE-He213 Rodent Malaria Parasite (dpeaa)DE-He213 Variant Surface Antigen (dpeaa)DE-He213 Conserve Amino Acid Motif (dpeaa)DE-He213 Brugat, Thibaut aut Yan, Yam Xue aut Reid, Adam James aut Böhme, Ulrike aut Otto, Thomas Dan aut Pain, Arnab aut Jackson, Andrew aut Berriman, Matthew aut Cunningham, Deirdre aut Preiser, Peter aut Langhorne, Jean aut Enthalten in BMC genomics London : BioMed Central, 2000 13(2012), 1 vom: 29. März (DE-627)326644954 (DE-600)2041499-7 1471-2164 nnns volume:13 year:2012 number:1 day:29 month:03 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-13-125 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 13 2012 1 29 03
spelling	10.1186/1471-2164-13-125 doi (DE-627)SPR027067610 (SPR)1471-2164-13-125-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Lawton, Jennifer verfasserin aut Characterization and gene expression analysis of the cir multi-gene family of plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi (AS) 2012 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Lawton et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2012. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( Background The pir genes comprise the largest multi-gene family in Plasmodium, with members found in P. vivax, P. knowlesi and the rodent malaria species. Despite comprising up to 5% of the genome, little is known about the functions of the proteins encoded by pir genes. P. chabaudi causes chronic infection in mice, which may be due to antigenic variation. In this model, pir genes are called cir s and may be involved in this mechanism, allowing evasion of host immune responses. In order to fully understand the role(s) of CIR proteins during P. chabaudi infection, a detailed characterization of the cir gene family was required. Results The cir repertoire was annotated and a detailed bioinformatic characterization of the encoded CIR proteins was performed. Two major sub-families were identified, which have been named A and B. Members of each sub-family displayed different amino acid motifs, and were thus predicted to have undergone functional divergence. In addition, the expression of the entire cir repertoire was analyzed via RNA sequencing and microarray. Up to 40% of the cir gene repertoire was expressed in the parasite population during infection, and dominant cir transcripts could be identified. In addition, some differences were observed in the pattern of expression between the cir subgroups at the peak of P. chabaudi infection. Finally, specific cir genes were expressed at different time points during asexual blood stages. Conclusions In conclusion, the large number of cir genes and their expression throughout the intraerythrocytic cycle of development indicates that CIR proteins are likely to be important for parasite survival. In particular, the detection of dominant cir transcripts at the peak of P. chabaudi infection supports the idea that CIR proteins are expressed, and could perform important functions in the biology of this parasite. Further application of the methodologies described here may allow the elucidation of CIR sub-family A and B protein functions, including their contribution to antigenic variation and immune evasion. Antigenic Variation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Amino Acid Motif (dpeaa)DE-He213 Rodent Malaria Parasite (dpeaa)DE-He213 Variant Surface Antigen (dpeaa)DE-He213 Conserve Amino Acid Motif (dpeaa)DE-He213 Brugat, Thibaut aut Yan, Yam Xue aut Reid, Adam James aut Böhme, Ulrike aut Otto, Thomas Dan aut Pain, Arnab aut Jackson, Andrew aut Berriman, Matthew aut Cunningham, Deirdre aut Preiser, Peter aut Langhorne, Jean aut Enthalten in BMC genomics London : BioMed Central, 2000 13(2012), 1 vom: 29. März (DE-627)326644954 (DE-600)2041499-7 1471-2164 nnns volume:13 year:2012 number:1 day:29 month:03 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-13-125 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 13 2012 1 29 03
allfields_unstemmed	10.1186/1471-2164-13-125 doi (DE-627)SPR027067610 (SPR)1471-2164-13-125-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Lawton, Jennifer verfasserin aut Characterization and gene expression analysis of the cir multi-gene family of plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi (AS) 2012 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Lawton et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2012. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( Background The pir genes comprise the largest multi-gene family in Plasmodium, with members found in P. vivax, P. knowlesi and the rodent malaria species. Despite comprising up to 5% of the genome, little is known about the functions of the proteins encoded by pir genes. P. chabaudi causes chronic infection in mice, which may be due to antigenic variation. In this model, pir genes are called cir s and may be involved in this mechanism, allowing evasion of host immune responses. In order to fully understand the role(s) of CIR proteins during P. chabaudi infection, a detailed characterization of the cir gene family was required. Results The cir repertoire was annotated and a detailed bioinformatic characterization of the encoded CIR proteins was performed. Two major sub-families were identified, which have been named A and B. Members of each sub-family displayed different amino acid motifs, and were thus predicted to have undergone functional divergence. In addition, the expression of the entire cir repertoire was analyzed via RNA sequencing and microarray. Up to 40% of the cir gene repertoire was expressed in the parasite population during infection, and dominant cir transcripts could be identified. In addition, some differences were observed in the pattern of expression between the cir subgroups at the peak of P. chabaudi infection. Finally, specific cir genes were expressed at different time points during asexual blood stages. Conclusions In conclusion, the large number of cir genes and their expression throughout the intraerythrocytic cycle of development indicates that CIR proteins are likely to be important for parasite survival. In particular, the detection of dominant cir transcripts at the peak of P. chabaudi infection supports the idea that CIR proteins are expressed, and could perform important functions in the biology of this parasite. Further application of the methodologies described here may allow the elucidation of CIR sub-family A and B protein functions, including their contribution to antigenic variation and immune evasion. Antigenic Variation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Amino Acid Motif (dpeaa)DE-He213 Rodent Malaria Parasite (dpeaa)DE-He213 Variant Surface Antigen (dpeaa)DE-He213 Conserve Amino Acid Motif (dpeaa)DE-He213 Brugat, Thibaut aut Yan, Yam Xue aut Reid, Adam James aut Böhme, Ulrike aut Otto, Thomas Dan aut Pain, Arnab aut Jackson, Andrew aut Berriman, Matthew aut Cunningham, Deirdre aut Preiser, Peter aut Langhorne, Jean aut Enthalten in BMC genomics London : BioMed Central, 2000 13(2012), 1 vom: 29. März (DE-627)326644954 (DE-600)2041499-7 1471-2164 nnns volume:13 year:2012 number:1 day:29 month:03 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-13-125 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 13 2012 1 29 03
allfieldsGer	10.1186/1471-2164-13-125 doi (DE-627)SPR027067610 (SPR)1471-2164-13-125-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Lawton, Jennifer verfasserin aut Characterization and gene expression analysis of the cir multi-gene family of plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi (AS) 2012 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Lawton et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2012. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( Background The pir genes comprise the largest multi-gene family in Plasmodium, with members found in P. vivax, P. knowlesi and the rodent malaria species. Despite comprising up to 5% of the genome, little is known about the functions of the proteins encoded by pir genes. P. chabaudi causes chronic infection in mice, which may be due to antigenic variation. In this model, pir genes are called cir s and may be involved in this mechanism, allowing evasion of host immune responses. In order to fully understand the role(s) of CIR proteins during P. chabaudi infection, a detailed characterization of the cir gene family was required. Results The cir repertoire was annotated and a detailed bioinformatic characterization of the encoded CIR proteins was performed. Two major sub-families were identified, which have been named A and B. Members of each sub-family displayed different amino acid motifs, and were thus predicted to have undergone functional divergence. In addition, the expression of the entire cir repertoire was analyzed via RNA sequencing and microarray. Up to 40% of the cir gene repertoire was expressed in the parasite population during infection, and dominant cir transcripts could be identified. In addition, some differences were observed in the pattern of expression between the cir subgroups at the peak of P. chabaudi infection. Finally, specific cir genes were expressed at different time points during asexual blood stages. Conclusions In conclusion, the large number of cir genes and their expression throughout the intraerythrocytic cycle of development indicates that CIR proteins are likely to be important for parasite survival. In particular, the detection of dominant cir transcripts at the peak of P. chabaudi infection supports the idea that CIR proteins are expressed, and could perform important functions in the biology of this parasite. Further application of the methodologies described here may allow the elucidation of CIR sub-family A and B protein functions, including their contribution to antigenic variation and immune evasion. Antigenic Variation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Amino Acid Motif (dpeaa)DE-He213 Rodent Malaria Parasite (dpeaa)DE-He213 Variant Surface Antigen (dpeaa)DE-He213 Conserve Amino Acid Motif (dpeaa)DE-He213 Brugat, Thibaut aut Yan, Yam Xue aut Reid, Adam James aut Böhme, Ulrike aut Otto, Thomas Dan aut Pain, Arnab aut Jackson, Andrew aut Berriman, Matthew aut Cunningham, Deirdre aut Preiser, Peter aut Langhorne, Jean aut Enthalten in BMC genomics London : BioMed Central, 2000 13(2012), 1 vom: 29. März (DE-627)326644954 (DE-600)2041499-7 1471-2164 nnns volume:13 year:2012 number:1 day:29 month:03 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-13-125 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 13 2012 1 29 03
allfieldsSound	10.1186/1471-2164-13-125 doi (DE-627)SPR027067610 (SPR)1471-2164-13-125-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Lawton, Jennifer verfasserin aut Characterization and gene expression analysis of the cir multi-gene family of plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi (AS) 2012 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Lawton et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2012. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( Background The pir genes comprise the largest multi-gene family in Plasmodium, with members found in P. vivax, P. knowlesi and the rodent malaria species. Despite comprising up to 5% of the genome, little is known about the functions of the proteins encoded by pir genes. P. chabaudi causes chronic infection in mice, which may be due to antigenic variation. In this model, pir genes are called cir s and may be involved in this mechanism, allowing evasion of host immune responses. In order to fully understand the role(s) of CIR proteins during P. chabaudi infection, a detailed characterization of the cir gene family was required. Results The cir repertoire was annotated and a detailed bioinformatic characterization of the encoded CIR proteins was performed. Two major sub-families were identified, which have been named A and B. Members of each sub-family displayed different amino acid motifs, and were thus predicted to have undergone functional divergence. In addition, the expression of the entire cir repertoire was analyzed via RNA sequencing and microarray. Up to 40% of the cir gene repertoire was expressed in the parasite population during infection, and dominant cir transcripts could be identified. In addition, some differences were observed in the pattern of expression between the cir subgroups at the peak of P. chabaudi infection. Finally, specific cir genes were expressed at different time points during asexual blood stages. Conclusions In conclusion, the large number of cir genes and their expression throughout the intraerythrocytic cycle of development indicates that CIR proteins are likely to be important for parasite survival. In particular, the detection of dominant cir transcripts at the peak of P. chabaudi infection supports the idea that CIR proteins are expressed, and could perform important functions in the biology of this parasite. Further application of the methodologies described here may allow the elucidation of CIR sub-family A and B protein functions, including their contribution to antigenic variation and immune evasion. Antigenic Variation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Amino Acid Motif (dpeaa)DE-He213 Rodent Malaria Parasite (dpeaa)DE-He213 Variant Surface Antigen (dpeaa)DE-He213 Conserve Amino Acid Motif (dpeaa)DE-He213 Brugat, Thibaut aut Yan, Yam Xue aut Reid, Adam James aut Böhme, Ulrike aut Otto, Thomas Dan aut Pain, Arnab aut Jackson, Andrew aut Berriman, Matthew aut Cunningham, Deirdre aut Preiser, Peter aut Langhorne, Jean aut Enthalten in BMC genomics London : BioMed Central, 2000 13(2012), 1 vom: 29. März (DE-627)326644954 (DE-600)2041499-7 1471-2164 nnns volume:13 year:2012 number:1 day:29 month:03 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-13-125 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 13 2012 1 29 03
language	English
source	Enthalten in BMC genomics 13(2012), 1 vom: 29. März volume:13 year:2012 number:1 day:29 month:03
sourceStr	Enthalten in BMC genomics 13(2012), 1 vom: 29. März volume:13 year:2012 number:1 day:29 month:03
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	Antigenic Variation Amino Acid Motif Rodent Malaria Parasite Variant Surface Antigen Conserve Amino Acid Motif
isfreeaccess_bool	false
container_title	BMC genomics
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Lawton, Jennifer @@aut@@ Brugat, Thibaut @@aut@@ Yan, Yam Xue @@aut@@ Reid, Adam James @@aut@@ Böhme, Ulrike @@aut@@ Otto, Thomas Dan @@aut@@ Pain, Arnab @@aut@@ Jackson, Andrew @@aut@@ Berriman, Matthew @@aut@@ Cunningham, Deirdre @@aut@@ Preiser, Peter @@aut@@ Langhorne, Jean @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2012-03-29T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	326644954
id	SPR027067610
language_de	englisch
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Background The pir genes comprise the largest multi-gene family in Plasmodium, with members found in P. vivax, P. knowlesi and the rodent malaria species. Despite comprising up to 5% of the genome, little is known about the functions of the proteins encoded by pir genes. P. chabaudi causes chronic infection in mice, which may be due to antigenic variation. In this model, pir genes are called cir s and may be involved in this mechanism, allowing evasion of host immune responses. In order to fully understand the role(s) of CIR proteins during P. chabaudi infection, a detailed characterization of the cir gene family was required. Results The cir repertoire was annotated and a detailed bioinformatic characterization of the encoded CIR proteins was performed. Two major sub-families were identified, which have been named A and B. Members of each sub-family displayed different amino acid motifs, and were thus predicted to have undergone functional divergence. In addition, the expression of the entire cir repertoire was analyzed via RNA sequencing and microarray. Up to 40% of the cir gene repertoire was expressed in the parasite population during infection, and dominant cir transcripts could be identified. In addition, some differences were observed in the pattern of expression between the cir subgroups at the peak of P. chabaudi infection. Finally, specific cir genes were expressed at different time points during asexual blood stages. Conclusions In conclusion, the large number of cir genes and their expression throughout the intraerythrocytic cycle of development indicates that CIR proteins are likely to be important for parasite survival. In particular, the detection of dominant cir transcripts at the peak of P. chabaudi infection supports the idea that CIR proteins are expressed, and could perform important functions in the biology of this parasite. 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author	Lawton, Jennifer
spellingShingle	Lawton, Jennifer misc Antigenic Variation misc Amino Acid Motif misc Rodent Malaria Parasite misc Variant Surface Antigen misc Conserve Amino Acid Motif Characterization and gene expression analysis of the cir multi-gene family of plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi (AS)
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topic_title	Characterization and gene expression analysis of the cir multi-gene family of plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi (AS) Antigenic Variation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Amino Acid Motif (dpeaa)DE-He213 Rodent Malaria Parasite (dpeaa)DE-He213 Variant Surface Antigen (dpeaa)DE-He213 Conserve Amino Acid Motif (dpeaa)DE-He213
topic	misc Antigenic Variation misc Amino Acid Motif misc Rodent Malaria Parasite misc Variant Surface Antigen misc Conserve Amino Acid Motif
topic_unstemmed	misc Antigenic Variation misc Amino Acid Motif misc Rodent Malaria Parasite misc Variant Surface Antigen misc Conserve Amino Acid Motif
topic_browse	misc Antigenic Variation misc Amino Acid Motif misc Rodent Malaria Parasite misc Variant Surface Antigen misc Conserve Amino Acid Motif
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title	Characterization and gene expression analysis of the cir multi-gene family of plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi (AS)
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title_full	Characterization and gene expression analysis of the cir multi-gene family of plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi (AS)
author_sort	Lawton, Jennifer
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author_browse	Lawton, Jennifer Brugat, Thibaut Yan, Yam Xue Reid, Adam James Böhme, Ulrike Otto, Thomas Dan Pain, Arnab Jackson, Andrew Berriman, Matthew Cunningham, Deirdre Preiser, Peter Langhorne, Jean
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author-letter	Lawton, Jennifer
doi_str_mv	10.1186/1471-2164-13-125
title_sort	characterization and gene expression analysis of the cir multi-gene family of plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi (as)
title_auth	Characterization and gene expression analysis of the cir multi-gene family of plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi (AS)
abstract	Background The pir genes comprise the largest multi-gene family in Plasmodium, with members found in P. vivax, P. knowlesi and the rodent malaria species. Despite comprising up to 5% of the genome, little is known about the functions of the proteins encoded by pir genes. P. chabaudi causes chronic infection in mice, which may be due to antigenic variation. In this model, pir genes are called cir s and may be involved in this mechanism, allowing evasion of host immune responses. In order to fully understand the role(s) of CIR proteins during P. chabaudi infection, a detailed characterization of the cir gene family was required. Results The cir repertoire was annotated and a detailed bioinformatic characterization of the encoded CIR proteins was performed. Two major sub-families were identified, which have been named A and B. Members of each sub-family displayed different amino acid motifs, and were thus predicted to have undergone functional divergence. In addition, the expression of the entire cir repertoire was analyzed via RNA sequencing and microarray. Up to 40% of the cir gene repertoire was expressed in the parasite population during infection, and dominant cir transcripts could be identified. In addition, some differences were observed in the pattern of expression between the cir subgroups at the peak of P. chabaudi infection. Finally, specific cir genes were expressed at different time points during asexual blood stages. Conclusions In conclusion, the large number of cir genes and their expression throughout the intraerythrocytic cycle of development indicates that CIR proteins are likely to be important for parasite survival. In particular, the detection of dominant cir transcripts at the peak of P. chabaudi infection supports the idea that CIR proteins are expressed, and could perform important functions in the biology of this parasite. Further application of the methodologies described here may allow the elucidation of CIR sub-family A and B protein functions, including their contribution to antigenic variation and immune evasion. © Lawton et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2012. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (
abstractGer	Background The pir genes comprise the largest multi-gene family in Plasmodium, with members found in P. vivax, P. knowlesi and the rodent malaria species. Despite comprising up to 5% of the genome, little is known about the functions of the proteins encoded by pir genes. P. chabaudi causes chronic infection in mice, which may be due to antigenic variation. In this model, pir genes are called cir s and may be involved in this mechanism, allowing evasion of host immune responses. In order to fully understand the role(s) of CIR proteins during P. chabaudi infection, a detailed characterization of the cir gene family was required. Results The cir repertoire was annotated and a detailed bioinformatic characterization of the encoded CIR proteins was performed. Two major sub-families were identified, which have been named A and B. Members of each sub-family displayed different amino acid motifs, and were thus predicted to have undergone functional divergence. In addition, the expression of the entire cir repertoire was analyzed via RNA sequencing and microarray. Up to 40% of the cir gene repertoire was expressed in the parasite population during infection, and dominant cir transcripts could be identified. In addition, some differences were observed in the pattern of expression between the cir subgroups at the peak of P. chabaudi infection. Finally, specific cir genes were expressed at different time points during asexual blood stages. Conclusions In conclusion, the large number of cir genes and their expression throughout the intraerythrocytic cycle of development indicates that CIR proteins are likely to be important for parasite survival. In particular, the detection of dominant cir transcripts at the peak of P. chabaudi infection supports the idea that CIR proteins are expressed, and could perform important functions in the biology of this parasite. Further application of the methodologies described here may allow the elucidation of CIR sub-family A and B protein functions, including their contribution to antigenic variation and immune evasion. © Lawton et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2012. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (
abstract_unstemmed	Background The pir genes comprise the largest multi-gene family in Plasmodium, with members found in P. vivax, P. knowlesi and the rodent malaria species. Despite comprising up to 5% of the genome, little is known about the functions of the proteins encoded by pir genes. P. chabaudi causes chronic infection in mice, which may be due to antigenic variation. In this model, pir genes are called cir s and may be involved in this mechanism, allowing evasion of host immune responses. In order to fully understand the role(s) of CIR proteins during P. chabaudi infection, a detailed characterization of the cir gene family was required. Results The cir repertoire was annotated and a detailed bioinformatic characterization of the encoded CIR proteins was performed. Two major sub-families were identified, which have been named A and B. Members of each sub-family displayed different amino acid motifs, and were thus predicted to have undergone functional divergence. In addition, the expression of the entire cir repertoire was analyzed via RNA sequencing and microarray. Up to 40% of the cir gene repertoire was expressed in the parasite population during infection, and dominant cir transcripts could be identified. In addition, some differences were observed in the pattern of expression between the cir subgroups at the peak of P. chabaudi infection. Finally, specific cir genes were expressed at different time points during asexual blood stages. Conclusions In conclusion, the large number of cir genes and their expression throughout the intraerythrocytic cycle of development indicates that CIR proteins are likely to be important for parasite survival. In particular, the detection of dominant cir transcripts at the peak of P. chabaudi infection supports the idea that CIR proteins are expressed, and could perform important functions in the biology of this parasite. Further application of the methodologies described here may allow the elucidation of CIR sub-family A and B protein functions, including their contribution to antigenic variation and immune evasion. © Lawton et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2012. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (
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title_short	Characterization and gene expression analysis of the cir multi-gene family of plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi (AS)
url	https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-13-125
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author2	Brugat, Thibaut Yan, Yam Xue Reid, Adam James Böhme, Ulrike Otto, Thomas Dan Pain, Arnab Jackson, Andrew Berriman, Matthew Cunningham, Deirdre Preiser, Peter Langhorne, Jean
author2Str	Brugat, Thibaut Yan, Yam Xue Reid, Adam James Böhme, Ulrike Otto, Thomas Dan Pain, Arnab Jackson, Andrew Berriman, Matthew Cunningham, Deirdre Preiser, Peter Langhorne, Jean
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doi_str	10.1186/1471-2164-13-125
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Background The pir genes comprise the largest multi-gene family in Plasmodium, with members found in P. vivax, P. knowlesi and the rodent malaria species. Despite comprising up to 5% of the genome, little is known about the functions of the proteins encoded by pir genes. P. chabaudi causes chronic infection in mice, which may be due to antigenic variation. In this model, pir genes are called cir s and may be involved in this mechanism, allowing evasion of host immune responses. In order to fully understand the role(s) of CIR proteins during P. chabaudi infection, a detailed characterization of the cir gene family was required. Results The cir repertoire was annotated and a detailed bioinformatic characterization of the encoded CIR proteins was performed. Two major sub-families were identified, which have been named A and B. Members of each sub-family displayed different amino acid motifs, and were thus predicted to have undergone functional divergence. In addition, the expression of the entire cir repertoire was analyzed via RNA sequencing and microarray. Up to 40% of the cir gene repertoire was expressed in the parasite population during infection, and dominant cir transcripts could be identified. In addition, some differences were observed in the pattern of expression between the cir subgroups at the peak of P. chabaudi infection. Finally, specific cir genes were expressed at different time points during asexual blood stages. Conclusions In conclusion, the large number of cir genes and their expression throughout the intraerythrocytic cycle of development indicates that CIR proteins are likely to be important for parasite survival. In particular, the detection of dominant cir transcripts at the peak of P. chabaudi infection supports the idea that CIR proteins are expressed, and could perform important functions in the biology of this parasite. 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Characterization and gene expression analysis of the cir multi-gene family of plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi (AS)

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