Multimorbidity and the inequalities of global ageing: a cross-sectional study of 28 countries using the World Health Surveys

Background Multimorbidity defined as the “the coexistence of two or more chronic diseases” in one individual, is increasing in prevalence globally. The aim of this study is to compare the prevalence of multimorbidity across low and middle-income countries (LMICs), and to investigate patterns by age...
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Autor*in:	Afshar, Sara [verfasserIn] Roderick, Paul J. Kowal, Paul Dimitrov, Borislav D. Hill, Allan G.

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2015

Schlagwörter:	Multimorbidity Ageing Health inequalities Epidemiological transition Adult health

Anmerkung:	© Afshar et al. 2015

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: BMC public health - London : BioMed Central, 2001, 15(2015), 1 vom: 13. Aug.
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:15 ; year:2015 ; number:1 ; day:13 ; month:08

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1186/s12889-015-2008-7

Katalog-ID:	SPR027914097

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520			\|a Background Multimorbidity defined as the “the coexistence of two or more chronic diseases” in one individual, is increasing in prevalence globally. The aim of this study is to compare the prevalence of multimorbidity across low and middle-income countries (LMICs), and to investigate patterns by age and education, as a proxy for socio-economic status (SES). Methods Chronic disease data from 28 countries of the World Health Survey (2003) were extracted and inter-country socio-economic differences were examined by gross domestic product (GDP). Regression analyses were applied to examine associations of education with multimorbidity by region adjusted for age and sex distributions. Results The mean world standardized multimorbidity prevalence for LMICs was 7.8 % (95 % CI, 7.79 % - 7.83 %). In all countries, multimorbidity increased significantly with age. A positive but non–linear relationship was found between country GDP and multimorbidity prevalence. Trend analyses of multimorbidity by education suggest that there are intergenerational differences, with a more inverse education gradient for younger adults compared to older adults. Higher education was significantly associated with a decreased risk of multimorbidity in the all-region analyses. Conclusions Multimorbidity is a global phenomenon, not just affecting older adults in HICs. Policy makers worldwide need to address these health inequalities, and support the complex service needs of a growing multimorbid population.
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allfields	10.1186/s12889-015-2008-7 doi (DE-627)SPR027914097 (SPR)s12889-015-2008-7-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Afshar, Sara verfasserin aut Multimorbidity and the inequalities of global ageing: a cross-sectional study of 28 countries using the World Health Surveys 2015 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Afshar et al. 2015 Background Multimorbidity defined as the “the coexistence of two or more chronic diseases” in one individual, is increasing in prevalence globally. The aim of this study is to compare the prevalence of multimorbidity across low and middle-income countries (LMICs), and to investigate patterns by age and education, as a proxy for socio-economic status (SES). Methods Chronic disease data from 28 countries of the World Health Survey (2003) were extracted and inter-country socio-economic differences were examined by gross domestic product (GDP). Regression analyses were applied to examine associations of education with multimorbidity by region adjusted for age and sex distributions. Results The mean world standardized multimorbidity prevalence for LMICs was 7.8 % (95 % CI, 7.79 % - 7.83 %). In all countries, multimorbidity increased significantly with age. A positive but non–linear relationship was found between country GDP and multimorbidity prevalence. Trend analyses of multimorbidity by education suggest that there are intergenerational differences, with a more inverse education gradient for younger adults compared to older adults. Higher education was significantly associated with a decreased risk of multimorbidity in the all-region analyses. Conclusions Multimorbidity is a global phenomenon, not just affecting older adults in HICs. Policy makers worldwide need to address these health inequalities, and support the complex service needs of a growing multimorbid population. Multimorbidity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ageing (dpeaa)DE-He213 Health inequalities (dpeaa)DE-He213 Epidemiological transition (dpeaa)DE-He213 Adult health (dpeaa)DE-He213 Roderick, Paul J. aut Kowal, Paul aut Dimitrov, Borislav D. aut Hill, Allan G. aut Enthalten in BMC public health London : BioMed Central, 2001 15(2015), 1 vom: 13. Aug. (DE-627)326643583 (DE-600)2041338-5 1471-2458 nnns volume:15 year:2015 number:1 day:13 month:08 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-2008-7 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 15 2015 1 13 08
spelling	10.1186/s12889-015-2008-7 doi (DE-627)SPR027914097 (SPR)s12889-015-2008-7-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Afshar, Sara verfasserin aut Multimorbidity and the inequalities of global ageing: a cross-sectional study of 28 countries using the World Health Surveys 2015 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Afshar et al. 2015 Background Multimorbidity defined as the “the coexistence of two or more chronic diseases” in one individual, is increasing in prevalence globally. The aim of this study is to compare the prevalence of multimorbidity across low and middle-income countries (LMICs), and to investigate patterns by age and education, as a proxy for socio-economic status (SES). Methods Chronic disease data from 28 countries of the World Health Survey (2003) were extracted and inter-country socio-economic differences were examined by gross domestic product (GDP). Regression analyses were applied to examine associations of education with multimorbidity by region adjusted for age and sex distributions. Results The mean world standardized multimorbidity prevalence for LMICs was 7.8 % (95 % CI, 7.79 % - 7.83 %). In all countries, multimorbidity increased significantly with age. A positive but non–linear relationship was found between country GDP and multimorbidity prevalence. Trend analyses of multimorbidity by education suggest that there are intergenerational differences, with a more inverse education gradient for younger adults compared to older adults. Higher education was significantly associated with a decreased risk of multimorbidity in the all-region analyses. Conclusions Multimorbidity is a global phenomenon, not just affecting older adults in HICs. Policy makers worldwide need to address these health inequalities, and support the complex service needs of a growing multimorbid population. Multimorbidity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ageing (dpeaa)DE-He213 Health inequalities (dpeaa)DE-He213 Epidemiological transition (dpeaa)DE-He213 Adult health (dpeaa)DE-He213 Roderick, Paul J. aut Kowal, Paul aut Dimitrov, Borislav D. aut Hill, Allan G. aut Enthalten in BMC public health London : BioMed Central, 2001 15(2015), 1 vom: 13. Aug. (DE-627)326643583 (DE-600)2041338-5 1471-2458 nnns volume:15 year:2015 number:1 day:13 month:08 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-2008-7 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 15 2015 1 13 08
allfields_unstemmed	10.1186/s12889-015-2008-7 doi (DE-627)SPR027914097 (SPR)s12889-015-2008-7-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Afshar, Sara verfasserin aut Multimorbidity and the inequalities of global ageing: a cross-sectional study of 28 countries using the World Health Surveys 2015 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Afshar et al. 2015 Background Multimorbidity defined as the “the coexistence of two or more chronic diseases” in one individual, is increasing in prevalence globally. The aim of this study is to compare the prevalence of multimorbidity across low and middle-income countries (LMICs), and to investigate patterns by age and education, as a proxy for socio-economic status (SES). Methods Chronic disease data from 28 countries of the World Health Survey (2003) were extracted and inter-country socio-economic differences were examined by gross domestic product (GDP). Regression analyses were applied to examine associations of education with multimorbidity by region adjusted for age and sex distributions. Results The mean world standardized multimorbidity prevalence for LMICs was 7.8 % (95 % CI, 7.79 % - 7.83 %). In all countries, multimorbidity increased significantly with age. A positive but non–linear relationship was found between country GDP and multimorbidity prevalence. Trend analyses of multimorbidity by education suggest that there are intergenerational differences, with a more inverse education gradient for younger adults compared to older adults. Higher education was significantly associated with a decreased risk of multimorbidity in the all-region analyses. Conclusions Multimorbidity is a global phenomenon, not just affecting older adults in HICs. Policy makers worldwide need to address these health inequalities, and support the complex service needs of a growing multimorbid population. Multimorbidity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ageing (dpeaa)DE-He213 Health inequalities (dpeaa)DE-He213 Epidemiological transition (dpeaa)DE-He213 Adult health (dpeaa)DE-He213 Roderick, Paul J. aut Kowal, Paul aut Dimitrov, Borislav D. aut Hill, Allan G. aut Enthalten in BMC public health London : BioMed Central, 2001 15(2015), 1 vom: 13. Aug. (DE-627)326643583 (DE-600)2041338-5 1471-2458 nnns volume:15 year:2015 number:1 day:13 month:08 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-2008-7 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 15 2015 1 13 08
allfieldsGer	10.1186/s12889-015-2008-7 doi (DE-627)SPR027914097 (SPR)s12889-015-2008-7-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Afshar, Sara verfasserin aut Multimorbidity and the inequalities of global ageing: a cross-sectional study of 28 countries using the World Health Surveys 2015 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Afshar et al. 2015 Background Multimorbidity defined as the “the coexistence of two or more chronic diseases” in one individual, is increasing in prevalence globally. The aim of this study is to compare the prevalence of multimorbidity across low and middle-income countries (LMICs), and to investigate patterns by age and education, as a proxy for socio-economic status (SES). Methods Chronic disease data from 28 countries of the World Health Survey (2003) were extracted and inter-country socio-economic differences were examined by gross domestic product (GDP). Regression analyses were applied to examine associations of education with multimorbidity by region adjusted for age and sex distributions. Results The mean world standardized multimorbidity prevalence for LMICs was 7.8 % (95 % CI, 7.79 % - 7.83 %). In all countries, multimorbidity increased significantly with age. A positive but non–linear relationship was found between country GDP and multimorbidity prevalence. Trend analyses of multimorbidity by education suggest that there are intergenerational differences, with a more inverse education gradient for younger adults compared to older adults. Higher education was significantly associated with a decreased risk of multimorbidity in the all-region analyses. Conclusions Multimorbidity is a global phenomenon, not just affecting older adults in HICs. Policy makers worldwide need to address these health inequalities, and support the complex service needs of a growing multimorbid population. Multimorbidity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ageing (dpeaa)DE-He213 Health inequalities (dpeaa)DE-He213 Epidemiological transition (dpeaa)DE-He213 Adult health (dpeaa)DE-He213 Roderick, Paul J. aut Kowal, Paul aut Dimitrov, Borislav D. aut Hill, Allan G. aut Enthalten in BMC public health London : BioMed Central, 2001 15(2015), 1 vom: 13. Aug. (DE-627)326643583 (DE-600)2041338-5 1471-2458 nnns volume:15 year:2015 number:1 day:13 month:08 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-2008-7 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 15 2015 1 13 08
allfieldsSound	10.1186/s12889-015-2008-7 doi (DE-627)SPR027914097 (SPR)s12889-015-2008-7-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Afshar, Sara verfasserin aut Multimorbidity and the inequalities of global ageing: a cross-sectional study of 28 countries using the World Health Surveys 2015 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Afshar et al. 2015 Background Multimorbidity defined as the “the coexistence of two or more chronic diseases” in one individual, is increasing in prevalence globally. The aim of this study is to compare the prevalence of multimorbidity across low and middle-income countries (LMICs), and to investigate patterns by age and education, as a proxy for socio-economic status (SES). Methods Chronic disease data from 28 countries of the World Health Survey (2003) were extracted and inter-country socio-economic differences were examined by gross domestic product (GDP). Regression analyses were applied to examine associations of education with multimorbidity by region adjusted for age and sex distributions. Results The mean world standardized multimorbidity prevalence for LMICs was 7.8 % (95 % CI, 7.79 % - 7.83 %). In all countries, multimorbidity increased significantly with age. A positive but non–linear relationship was found between country GDP and multimorbidity prevalence. Trend analyses of multimorbidity by education suggest that there are intergenerational differences, with a more inverse education gradient for younger adults compared to older adults. Higher education was significantly associated with a decreased risk of multimorbidity in the all-region analyses. Conclusions Multimorbidity is a global phenomenon, not just affecting older adults in HICs. Policy makers worldwide need to address these health inequalities, and support the complex service needs of a growing multimorbid population. Multimorbidity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ageing (dpeaa)DE-He213 Health inequalities (dpeaa)DE-He213 Epidemiological transition (dpeaa)DE-He213 Adult health (dpeaa)DE-He213 Roderick, Paul J. aut Kowal, Paul aut Dimitrov, Borislav D. aut Hill, Allan G. aut Enthalten in BMC public health London : BioMed Central, 2001 15(2015), 1 vom: 13. Aug. (DE-627)326643583 (DE-600)2041338-5 1471-2458 nnns volume:15 year:2015 number:1 day:13 month:08 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-2008-7 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 15 2015 1 13 08
language	English
source	Enthalten in BMC public health 15(2015), 1 vom: 13. Aug. volume:15 year:2015 number:1 day:13 month:08
sourceStr	Enthalten in BMC public health 15(2015), 1 vom: 13. Aug. volume:15 year:2015 number:1 day:13 month:08
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	Multimorbidity Ageing Health inequalities Epidemiological transition Adult health
isfreeaccess_bool	true
container_title	BMC public health
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Afshar, Sara @@aut@@ Roderick, Paul J. @@aut@@ Kowal, Paul @@aut@@ Dimitrov, Borislav D. @@aut@@ Hill, Allan G. @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2015-08-13T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	326643583
id	SPR027914097
language_de	englisch
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author	Afshar, Sara
spellingShingle	Afshar, Sara misc Multimorbidity misc Ageing misc Health inequalities misc Epidemiological transition misc Adult health Multimorbidity and the inequalities of global ageing: a cross-sectional study of 28 countries using the World Health Surveys
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topic_title	Multimorbidity and the inequalities of global ageing: a cross-sectional study of 28 countries using the World Health Surveys Multimorbidity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ageing (dpeaa)DE-He213 Health inequalities (dpeaa)DE-He213 Epidemiological transition (dpeaa)DE-He213 Adult health (dpeaa)DE-He213
topic	misc Multimorbidity misc Ageing misc Health inequalities misc Epidemiological transition misc Adult health
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title	Multimorbidity and the inequalities of global ageing: a cross-sectional study of 28 countries using the World Health Surveys
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title_full	Multimorbidity and the inequalities of global ageing: a cross-sectional study of 28 countries using the World Health Surveys
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author_browse	Afshar, Sara Roderick, Paul J. Kowal, Paul Dimitrov, Borislav D. Hill, Allan G.
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title_sort	multimorbidity and the inequalities of global ageing: a cross-sectional study of 28 countries using the world health surveys
title_auth	Multimorbidity and the inequalities of global ageing: a cross-sectional study of 28 countries using the World Health Surveys
abstract	Background Multimorbidity defined as the “the coexistence of two or more chronic diseases” in one individual, is increasing in prevalence globally. The aim of this study is to compare the prevalence of multimorbidity across low and middle-income countries (LMICs), and to investigate patterns by age and education, as a proxy for socio-economic status (SES). Methods Chronic disease data from 28 countries of the World Health Survey (2003) were extracted and inter-country socio-economic differences were examined by gross domestic product (GDP). Regression analyses were applied to examine associations of education with multimorbidity by region adjusted for age and sex distributions. Results The mean world standardized multimorbidity prevalence for LMICs was 7.8 % (95 % CI, 7.79 % - 7.83 %). In all countries, multimorbidity increased significantly with age. A positive but non–linear relationship was found between country GDP and multimorbidity prevalence. Trend analyses of multimorbidity by education suggest that there are intergenerational differences, with a more inverse education gradient for younger adults compared to older adults. Higher education was significantly associated with a decreased risk of multimorbidity in the all-region analyses. Conclusions Multimorbidity is a global phenomenon, not just affecting older adults in HICs. Policy makers worldwide need to address these health inequalities, and support the complex service needs of a growing multimorbid population. © Afshar et al. 2015
abstractGer	Background Multimorbidity defined as the “the coexistence of two or more chronic diseases” in one individual, is increasing in prevalence globally. The aim of this study is to compare the prevalence of multimorbidity across low and middle-income countries (LMICs), and to investigate patterns by age and education, as a proxy for socio-economic status (SES). Methods Chronic disease data from 28 countries of the World Health Survey (2003) were extracted and inter-country socio-economic differences were examined by gross domestic product (GDP). Regression analyses were applied to examine associations of education with multimorbidity by region adjusted for age and sex distributions. Results The mean world standardized multimorbidity prevalence for LMICs was 7.8 % (95 % CI, 7.79 % - 7.83 %). In all countries, multimorbidity increased significantly with age. A positive but non–linear relationship was found between country GDP and multimorbidity prevalence. Trend analyses of multimorbidity by education suggest that there are intergenerational differences, with a more inverse education gradient for younger adults compared to older adults. Higher education was significantly associated with a decreased risk of multimorbidity in the all-region analyses. Conclusions Multimorbidity is a global phenomenon, not just affecting older adults in HICs. Policy makers worldwide need to address these health inequalities, and support the complex service needs of a growing multimorbid population. © Afshar et al. 2015
abstract_unstemmed	Background Multimorbidity defined as the “the coexistence of two or more chronic diseases” in one individual, is increasing in prevalence globally. The aim of this study is to compare the prevalence of multimorbidity across low and middle-income countries (LMICs), and to investigate patterns by age and education, as a proxy for socio-economic status (SES). Methods Chronic disease data from 28 countries of the World Health Survey (2003) were extracted and inter-country socio-economic differences were examined by gross domestic product (GDP). Regression analyses were applied to examine associations of education with multimorbidity by region adjusted for age and sex distributions. Results The mean world standardized multimorbidity prevalence for LMICs was 7.8 % (95 % CI, 7.79 % - 7.83 %). In all countries, multimorbidity increased significantly with age. A positive but non–linear relationship was found between country GDP and multimorbidity prevalence. Trend analyses of multimorbidity by education suggest that there are intergenerational differences, with a more inverse education gradient for younger adults compared to older adults. Higher education was significantly associated with a decreased risk of multimorbidity in the all-region analyses. Conclusions Multimorbidity is a global phenomenon, not just affecting older adults in HICs. Policy makers worldwide need to address these health inequalities, and support the complex service needs of a growing multimorbid population. © Afshar et al. 2015
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title_short	Multimorbidity and the inequalities of global ageing: a cross-sectional study of 28 countries using the World Health Surveys
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author2	Roderick, Paul J. Kowal, Paul Dimitrov, Borislav D. Hill, Allan G.
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Multimorbidity and the inequalities of global ageing: a cross-sectional study of 28 countries using the World Health Surveys

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