Enhanced primers for amplification of DNA barcodes from a broad range of marine metazoans

Background Building reference libraries of DNA barcodes is relatively straightforward when specifically designed primers are available to amplify the COI-5P region from a relatively narrow taxonomic group (e.g. single class or single order). DNA barcoding marine communities have been comparatively h...
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Autor*in:	Lobo, Jorge [verfasserIn] Costa, Pedro M Teixeira, Marcos AL Ferreira, Maria SG Costa, Maria H Costa, Filipe O

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2013

Schlagwörter:	Universal primers DNA barcoding Taxonomy Marine metazoans

Anmerkung:	© Lobo et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2013

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: BMC ecology - London : BioMed Central, 2001, 13(2013), 1 vom: 10. Sept.
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:13 ; year:2013 ; number:1 ; day:10 ; month:09

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1186/1472-6785-13-34

Katalog-ID:	SPR028517393

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520			\|a Background Building reference libraries of DNA barcodes is relatively straightforward when specifically designed primers are available to amplify the COI-5P region from a relatively narrow taxonomic group (e.g. single class or single order). DNA barcoding marine communities have been comparatively harder to accomplish due to the broad taxonomic diversity and lack of consistently efficient primers. Although some of the so-called “universal” primers have been relatively successful, they still fail to amplify COI-5P of many marine animal groups, while displaying random success even among species within each group. Here we propose a new pair of primers designed to enhance amplification of the COI-5P region in a wide range of marine organisms. Results Amplification tests conducted on a wide range of marine animal taxa, rendered possible the first–time sequencing of DNA barcodes from eight separated phyla (Annelida, Arthropoda, Chordata, Cnidaria, Echinodermata, Mollusca, Nemertea and Platyhelminthes), comprising a total of 14 classes, 28 orders, 57 families, 68 genus and 76 species. Conclusions These primers demonstrated to be highly cost-effective, which is of key importance for DNA barcoding procedures, such as for building comprehensive DNA barcode libraries of marine communities, where the processing of a large numbers of specimens from a wide variety of marine taxa is compulsory.
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allfields	10.1186/1472-6785-13-34 doi (DE-627)SPR028517393 (SPR)1472-6785-13-34-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Lobo, Jorge verfasserin aut Enhanced primers for amplification of DNA barcodes from a broad range of marine metazoans 2013 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Lobo et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2013 Background Building reference libraries of DNA barcodes is relatively straightforward when specifically designed primers are available to amplify the COI-5P region from a relatively narrow taxonomic group (e.g. single class or single order). DNA barcoding marine communities have been comparatively harder to accomplish due to the broad taxonomic diversity and lack of consistently efficient primers. Although some of the so-called “universal” primers have been relatively successful, they still fail to amplify COI-5P of many marine animal groups, while displaying random success even among species within each group. Here we propose a new pair of primers designed to enhance amplification of the COI-5P region in a wide range of marine organisms. Results Amplification tests conducted on a wide range of marine animal taxa, rendered possible the first–time sequencing of DNA barcodes from eight separated phyla (Annelida, Arthropoda, Chordata, Cnidaria, Echinodermata, Mollusca, Nemertea and Platyhelminthes), comprising a total of 14 classes, 28 orders, 57 families, 68 genus and 76 species. Conclusions These primers demonstrated to be highly cost-effective, which is of key importance for DNA barcoding procedures, such as for building comprehensive DNA barcode libraries of marine communities, where the processing of a large numbers of specimens from a wide variety of marine taxa is compulsory. Universal primers (dpeaa)DE-He213 DNA barcoding (dpeaa)DE-He213 Taxonomy (dpeaa)DE-He213 Marine metazoans (dpeaa)DE-He213 Costa, Pedro M aut Teixeira, Marcos AL aut Ferreira, Maria SG aut Costa, Maria H aut Costa, Filipe O aut Enthalten in BMC ecology London : BioMed Central, 2001 13(2013), 1 vom: 10. Sept. (DE-627)331018721 (DE-600)2050430-5 1472-6785 nnns volume:13 year:2013 number:1 day:10 month:09 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6785-13-34 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 13 2013 1 10 09
spelling	10.1186/1472-6785-13-34 doi (DE-627)SPR028517393 (SPR)1472-6785-13-34-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Lobo, Jorge verfasserin aut Enhanced primers for amplification of DNA barcodes from a broad range of marine metazoans 2013 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Lobo et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2013 Background Building reference libraries of DNA barcodes is relatively straightforward when specifically designed primers are available to amplify the COI-5P region from a relatively narrow taxonomic group (e.g. single class or single order). DNA barcoding marine communities have been comparatively harder to accomplish due to the broad taxonomic diversity and lack of consistently efficient primers. Although some of the so-called “universal” primers have been relatively successful, they still fail to amplify COI-5P of many marine animal groups, while displaying random success even among species within each group. Here we propose a new pair of primers designed to enhance amplification of the COI-5P region in a wide range of marine organisms. Results Amplification tests conducted on a wide range of marine animal taxa, rendered possible the first–time sequencing of DNA barcodes from eight separated phyla (Annelida, Arthropoda, Chordata, Cnidaria, Echinodermata, Mollusca, Nemertea and Platyhelminthes), comprising a total of 14 classes, 28 orders, 57 families, 68 genus and 76 species. Conclusions These primers demonstrated to be highly cost-effective, which is of key importance for DNA barcoding procedures, such as for building comprehensive DNA barcode libraries of marine communities, where the processing of a large numbers of specimens from a wide variety of marine taxa is compulsory. Universal primers (dpeaa)DE-He213 DNA barcoding (dpeaa)DE-He213 Taxonomy (dpeaa)DE-He213 Marine metazoans (dpeaa)DE-He213 Costa, Pedro M aut Teixeira, Marcos AL aut Ferreira, Maria SG aut Costa, Maria H aut Costa, Filipe O aut Enthalten in BMC ecology London : BioMed Central, 2001 13(2013), 1 vom: 10. Sept. (DE-627)331018721 (DE-600)2050430-5 1472-6785 nnns volume:13 year:2013 number:1 day:10 month:09 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6785-13-34 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 13 2013 1 10 09
allfields_unstemmed	10.1186/1472-6785-13-34 doi (DE-627)SPR028517393 (SPR)1472-6785-13-34-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Lobo, Jorge verfasserin aut Enhanced primers for amplification of DNA barcodes from a broad range of marine metazoans 2013 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Lobo et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2013 Background Building reference libraries of DNA barcodes is relatively straightforward when specifically designed primers are available to amplify the COI-5P region from a relatively narrow taxonomic group (e.g. single class or single order). DNA barcoding marine communities have been comparatively harder to accomplish due to the broad taxonomic diversity and lack of consistently efficient primers. Although some of the so-called “universal” primers have been relatively successful, they still fail to amplify COI-5P of many marine animal groups, while displaying random success even among species within each group. Here we propose a new pair of primers designed to enhance amplification of the COI-5P region in a wide range of marine organisms. Results Amplification tests conducted on a wide range of marine animal taxa, rendered possible the first–time sequencing of DNA barcodes from eight separated phyla (Annelida, Arthropoda, Chordata, Cnidaria, Echinodermata, Mollusca, Nemertea and Platyhelminthes), comprising a total of 14 classes, 28 orders, 57 families, 68 genus and 76 species. Conclusions These primers demonstrated to be highly cost-effective, which is of key importance for DNA barcoding procedures, such as for building comprehensive DNA barcode libraries of marine communities, where the processing of a large numbers of specimens from a wide variety of marine taxa is compulsory. Universal primers (dpeaa)DE-He213 DNA barcoding (dpeaa)DE-He213 Taxonomy (dpeaa)DE-He213 Marine metazoans (dpeaa)DE-He213 Costa, Pedro M aut Teixeira, Marcos AL aut Ferreira, Maria SG aut Costa, Maria H aut Costa, Filipe O aut Enthalten in BMC ecology London : BioMed Central, 2001 13(2013), 1 vom: 10. Sept. (DE-627)331018721 (DE-600)2050430-5 1472-6785 nnns volume:13 year:2013 number:1 day:10 month:09 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6785-13-34 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 13 2013 1 10 09
allfieldsGer	10.1186/1472-6785-13-34 doi (DE-627)SPR028517393 (SPR)1472-6785-13-34-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Lobo, Jorge verfasserin aut Enhanced primers for amplification of DNA barcodes from a broad range of marine metazoans 2013 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Lobo et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2013 Background Building reference libraries of DNA barcodes is relatively straightforward when specifically designed primers are available to amplify the COI-5P region from a relatively narrow taxonomic group (e.g. single class or single order). DNA barcoding marine communities have been comparatively harder to accomplish due to the broad taxonomic diversity and lack of consistently efficient primers. Although some of the so-called “universal” primers have been relatively successful, they still fail to amplify COI-5P of many marine animal groups, while displaying random success even among species within each group. Here we propose a new pair of primers designed to enhance amplification of the COI-5P region in a wide range of marine organisms. Results Amplification tests conducted on a wide range of marine animal taxa, rendered possible the first–time sequencing of DNA barcodes from eight separated phyla (Annelida, Arthropoda, Chordata, Cnidaria, Echinodermata, Mollusca, Nemertea and Platyhelminthes), comprising a total of 14 classes, 28 orders, 57 families, 68 genus and 76 species. Conclusions These primers demonstrated to be highly cost-effective, which is of key importance for DNA barcoding procedures, such as for building comprehensive DNA barcode libraries of marine communities, where the processing of a large numbers of specimens from a wide variety of marine taxa is compulsory. Universal primers (dpeaa)DE-He213 DNA barcoding (dpeaa)DE-He213 Taxonomy (dpeaa)DE-He213 Marine metazoans (dpeaa)DE-He213 Costa, Pedro M aut Teixeira, Marcos AL aut Ferreira, Maria SG aut Costa, Maria H aut Costa, Filipe O aut Enthalten in BMC ecology London : BioMed Central, 2001 13(2013), 1 vom: 10. Sept. (DE-627)331018721 (DE-600)2050430-5 1472-6785 nnns volume:13 year:2013 number:1 day:10 month:09 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6785-13-34 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 13 2013 1 10 09
allfieldsSound	10.1186/1472-6785-13-34 doi (DE-627)SPR028517393 (SPR)1472-6785-13-34-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Lobo, Jorge verfasserin aut Enhanced primers for amplification of DNA barcodes from a broad range of marine metazoans 2013 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Lobo et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2013 Background Building reference libraries of DNA barcodes is relatively straightforward when specifically designed primers are available to amplify the COI-5P region from a relatively narrow taxonomic group (e.g. single class or single order). DNA barcoding marine communities have been comparatively harder to accomplish due to the broad taxonomic diversity and lack of consistently efficient primers. Although some of the so-called “universal” primers have been relatively successful, they still fail to amplify COI-5P of many marine animal groups, while displaying random success even among species within each group. Here we propose a new pair of primers designed to enhance amplification of the COI-5P region in a wide range of marine organisms. Results Amplification tests conducted on a wide range of marine animal taxa, rendered possible the first–time sequencing of DNA barcodes from eight separated phyla (Annelida, Arthropoda, Chordata, Cnidaria, Echinodermata, Mollusca, Nemertea and Platyhelminthes), comprising a total of 14 classes, 28 orders, 57 families, 68 genus and 76 species. Conclusions These primers demonstrated to be highly cost-effective, which is of key importance for DNA barcoding procedures, such as for building comprehensive DNA barcode libraries of marine communities, where the processing of a large numbers of specimens from a wide variety of marine taxa is compulsory. Universal primers (dpeaa)DE-He213 DNA barcoding (dpeaa)DE-He213 Taxonomy (dpeaa)DE-He213 Marine metazoans (dpeaa)DE-He213 Costa, Pedro M aut Teixeira, Marcos AL aut Ferreira, Maria SG aut Costa, Maria H aut Costa, Filipe O aut Enthalten in BMC ecology London : BioMed Central, 2001 13(2013), 1 vom: 10. Sept. (DE-627)331018721 (DE-600)2050430-5 1472-6785 nnns volume:13 year:2013 number:1 day:10 month:09 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6785-13-34 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 13 2013 1 10 09
language	English
source	Enthalten in BMC ecology 13(2013), 1 vom: 10. Sept. volume:13 year:2013 number:1 day:10 month:09
sourceStr	Enthalten in BMC ecology 13(2013), 1 vom: 10. Sept. volume:13 year:2013 number:1 day:10 month:09
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	Universal primers DNA barcoding Taxonomy Marine metazoans
isfreeaccess_bool	true
container_title	BMC ecology
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Lobo, Jorge @@aut@@ Costa, Pedro M @@aut@@ Teixeira, Marcos AL @@aut@@ Ferreira, Maria SG @@aut@@ Costa, Maria H @@aut@@ Costa, Filipe O @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2013-09-10T00:00:00Z
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author	Lobo, Jorge
spellingShingle	Lobo, Jorge misc Universal primers misc DNA barcoding misc Taxonomy misc Marine metazoans Enhanced primers for amplification of DNA barcodes from a broad range of marine metazoans
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topic_title	Enhanced primers for amplification of DNA barcodes from a broad range of marine metazoans Universal primers (dpeaa)DE-He213 DNA barcoding (dpeaa)DE-He213 Taxonomy (dpeaa)DE-He213 Marine metazoans (dpeaa)DE-He213
topic	misc Universal primers misc DNA barcoding misc Taxonomy misc Marine metazoans
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title	Enhanced primers for amplification of DNA barcodes from a broad range of marine metazoans
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title_full	Enhanced primers for amplification of DNA barcodes from a broad range of marine metazoans
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author_browse	Lobo, Jorge Costa, Pedro M Teixeira, Marcos AL Ferreira, Maria SG Costa, Maria H Costa, Filipe O
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title_sort	enhanced primers for amplification of dna barcodes from a broad range of marine metazoans
title_auth	Enhanced primers for amplification of DNA barcodes from a broad range of marine metazoans
abstract	Background Building reference libraries of DNA barcodes is relatively straightforward when specifically designed primers are available to amplify the COI-5P region from a relatively narrow taxonomic group (e.g. single class or single order). DNA barcoding marine communities have been comparatively harder to accomplish due to the broad taxonomic diversity and lack of consistently efficient primers. Although some of the so-called “universal” primers have been relatively successful, they still fail to amplify COI-5P of many marine animal groups, while displaying random success even among species within each group. Here we propose a new pair of primers designed to enhance amplification of the COI-5P region in a wide range of marine organisms. Results Amplification tests conducted on a wide range of marine animal taxa, rendered possible the first–time sequencing of DNA barcodes from eight separated phyla (Annelida, Arthropoda, Chordata, Cnidaria, Echinodermata, Mollusca, Nemertea and Platyhelminthes), comprising a total of 14 classes, 28 orders, 57 families, 68 genus and 76 species. Conclusions These primers demonstrated to be highly cost-effective, which is of key importance for DNA barcoding procedures, such as for building comprehensive DNA barcode libraries of marine communities, where the processing of a large numbers of specimens from a wide variety of marine taxa is compulsory. © Lobo et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2013
abstractGer	Background Building reference libraries of DNA barcodes is relatively straightforward when specifically designed primers are available to amplify the COI-5P region from a relatively narrow taxonomic group (e.g. single class or single order). DNA barcoding marine communities have been comparatively harder to accomplish due to the broad taxonomic diversity and lack of consistently efficient primers. Although some of the so-called “universal” primers have been relatively successful, they still fail to amplify COI-5P of many marine animal groups, while displaying random success even among species within each group. Here we propose a new pair of primers designed to enhance amplification of the COI-5P region in a wide range of marine organisms. Results Amplification tests conducted on a wide range of marine animal taxa, rendered possible the first–time sequencing of DNA barcodes from eight separated phyla (Annelida, Arthropoda, Chordata, Cnidaria, Echinodermata, Mollusca, Nemertea and Platyhelminthes), comprising a total of 14 classes, 28 orders, 57 families, 68 genus and 76 species. Conclusions These primers demonstrated to be highly cost-effective, which is of key importance for DNA barcoding procedures, such as for building comprehensive DNA barcode libraries of marine communities, where the processing of a large numbers of specimens from a wide variety of marine taxa is compulsory. © Lobo et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2013
abstract_unstemmed	Background Building reference libraries of DNA barcodes is relatively straightforward when specifically designed primers are available to amplify the COI-5P region from a relatively narrow taxonomic group (e.g. single class or single order). DNA barcoding marine communities have been comparatively harder to accomplish due to the broad taxonomic diversity and lack of consistently efficient primers. Although some of the so-called “universal” primers have been relatively successful, they still fail to amplify COI-5P of many marine animal groups, while displaying random success even among species within each group. Here we propose a new pair of primers designed to enhance amplification of the COI-5P region in a wide range of marine organisms. Results Amplification tests conducted on a wide range of marine animal taxa, rendered possible the first–time sequencing of DNA barcodes from eight separated phyla (Annelida, Arthropoda, Chordata, Cnidaria, Echinodermata, Mollusca, Nemertea and Platyhelminthes), comprising a total of 14 classes, 28 orders, 57 families, 68 genus and 76 species. Conclusions These primers demonstrated to be highly cost-effective, which is of key importance for DNA barcoding procedures, such as for building comprehensive DNA barcode libraries of marine communities, where the processing of a large numbers of specimens from a wide variety of marine taxa is compulsory. © Lobo et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2013
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title_short	Enhanced primers for amplification of DNA barcodes from a broad range of marine metazoans
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author2	Costa, Pedro M Teixeira, Marcos AL Ferreira, Maria SG Costa, Maria H Costa, Filipe O
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DNA barcoding marine communities have been comparatively harder to accomplish due to the broad taxonomic diversity and lack of consistently efficient primers. Although some of the so-called “universal” primers have been relatively successful, they still fail to amplify COI-5P of many marine animal groups, while displaying random success even among species within each group. Here we propose a new pair of primers designed to enhance amplification of the COI-5P region in a wide range of marine organisms. Results Amplification tests conducted on a wide range of marine animal taxa, rendered possible the first–time sequencing of DNA barcodes from eight separated phyla (Annelida, Arthropoda, Chordata, Cnidaria, Echinodermata, Mollusca, Nemertea and Platyhelminthes), comprising a total of 14 classes, 28 orders, 57 families, 68 genus and 76 species. 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Enhanced primers for amplification of DNA barcodes from a broad range of marine metazoans

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