Application of fundamental equations to species−area theory

Background Species−area relationship (SAR), endemics-area relationship (EAR) and overlap-area relationship (OAR) are three important concepts in biodiversity study. The application of fundamental equations linking the SAR, EAR and OAR, can enrich the axiomatic framework of the species−area theory an...
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Autor*in:	Pan, Xubin [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2016

Schlagwörter:	Endemics-area relationship Overlap-area relationship Power law Random replacement Real total area Sampling rate Overlap rate Extinction rate Overlap index

Anmerkung:	© The Author(s) 2016

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: BMC ecology - London : BioMed Central, 2001, 16(2016), 1 vom: 07. Okt.
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:16 ; year:2016 ; number:1 ; day:07 ; month:10

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1186/s12898-016-0097-5

Katalog-ID:	SPR028531167

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520			\|a Background Species−area relationship (SAR), endemics-area relationship (EAR) and overlap-area relationship (OAR) are three important concepts in biodiversity study. The application of fundamental equations linking the SAR, EAR and OAR, can enrich the axiomatic framework of the species−area theory and deepen our understanding of the mechanisms of community assembly. Results Two fundamental equations are derived and extended to power law model and random replacement model of species−area distribution. Several important parameters, including the overlap index and extinction rate, are defined and expressed to enrich the species−area theory. For power law model, both EAR and OAR have three parameters, with one more parameter of the total area than SAR does. The EAR equation is a monotonically increasing function for parameter c and z, and a monotonically decreasing function for parameter A. The extinction rate, with two parameters, is a monotonically increasing function for parameter z, and a monotonically decreasing function for parameter A. The overlap index is a monotonically increasing function for parameter A, and a monotonically decreasing function for parameter z, independent of parameter c. Conclusions The general formats of SAR, EAR, OAR, overlap index, overlap rate, sampling rate and extinction rate, are derived and extended to power law model and random replacement model as the axiomatic framework of species−area theory. In addition, if the total area is underestimated, the extinction rate will be overestimated.
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allfields	10.1186/s12898-016-0097-5 doi (DE-627)SPR028531167 (SPR)s12898-016-0097-5-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Pan, Xubin verfasserin aut Application of fundamental equations to species−area theory 2016 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2016 Background Species−area relationship (SAR), endemics-area relationship (EAR) and overlap-area relationship (OAR) are three important concepts in biodiversity study. The application of fundamental equations linking the SAR, EAR and OAR, can enrich the axiomatic framework of the species−area theory and deepen our understanding of the mechanisms of community assembly. Results Two fundamental equations are derived and extended to power law model and random replacement model of species−area distribution. Several important parameters, including the overlap index and extinction rate, are defined and expressed to enrich the species−area theory. For power law model, both EAR and OAR have three parameters, with one more parameter of the total area than SAR does. The EAR equation is a monotonically increasing function for parameter c and z, and a monotonically decreasing function for parameter A. The extinction rate, with two parameters, is a monotonically increasing function for parameter z, and a monotonically decreasing function for parameter A. The overlap index is a monotonically increasing function for parameter A, and a monotonically decreasing function for parameter z, independent of parameter c. Conclusions The general formats of SAR, EAR, OAR, overlap index, overlap rate, sampling rate and extinction rate, are derived and extended to power law model and random replacement model as the axiomatic framework of species−area theory. In addition, if the total area is underestimated, the extinction rate will be overestimated. Endemics-area relationship (dpeaa)DE-He213 Overlap-area relationship (dpeaa)DE-He213 Power law (dpeaa)DE-He213 Random replacement (dpeaa)DE-He213 Real total area (dpeaa)DE-He213 Sampling rate (dpeaa)DE-He213 Overlap rate (dpeaa)DE-He213 Extinction rate (dpeaa)DE-He213 Overlap index (dpeaa)DE-He213 Enthalten in BMC ecology London : BioMed Central, 2001 16(2016), 1 vom: 07. Okt. (DE-627)331018721 (DE-600)2050430-5 1472-6785 nnns volume:16 year:2016 number:1 day:07 month:10 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12898-016-0097-5 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 16 2016 1 07 10
spelling	10.1186/s12898-016-0097-5 doi (DE-627)SPR028531167 (SPR)s12898-016-0097-5-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Pan, Xubin verfasserin aut Application of fundamental equations to species−area theory 2016 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2016 Background Species−area relationship (SAR), endemics-area relationship (EAR) and overlap-area relationship (OAR) are three important concepts in biodiversity study. The application of fundamental equations linking the SAR, EAR and OAR, can enrich the axiomatic framework of the species−area theory and deepen our understanding of the mechanisms of community assembly. Results Two fundamental equations are derived and extended to power law model and random replacement model of species−area distribution. Several important parameters, including the overlap index and extinction rate, are defined and expressed to enrich the species−area theory. For power law model, both EAR and OAR have three parameters, with one more parameter of the total area than SAR does. The EAR equation is a monotonically increasing function for parameter c and z, and a monotonically decreasing function for parameter A. The extinction rate, with two parameters, is a monotonically increasing function for parameter z, and a monotonically decreasing function for parameter A. The overlap index is a monotonically increasing function for parameter A, and a monotonically decreasing function for parameter z, independent of parameter c. Conclusions The general formats of SAR, EAR, OAR, overlap index, overlap rate, sampling rate and extinction rate, are derived and extended to power law model and random replacement model as the axiomatic framework of species−area theory. In addition, if the total area is underestimated, the extinction rate will be overestimated. Endemics-area relationship (dpeaa)DE-He213 Overlap-area relationship (dpeaa)DE-He213 Power law (dpeaa)DE-He213 Random replacement (dpeaa)DE-He213 Real total area (dpeaa)DE-He213 Sampling rate (dpeaa)DE-He213 Overlap rate (dpeaa)DE-He213 Extinction rate (dpeaa)DE-He213 Overlap index (dpeaa)DE-He213 Enthalten in BMC ecology London : BioMed Central, 2001 16(2016), 1 vom: 07. Okt. (DE-627)331018721 (DE-600)2050430-5 1472-6785 nnns volume:16 year:2016 number:1 day:07 month:10 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12898-016-0097-5 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 16 2016 1 07 10
allfields_unstemmed	10.1186/s12898-016-0097-5 doi (DE-627)SPR028531167 (SPR)s12898-016-0097-5-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Pan, Xubin verfasserin aut Application of fundamental equations to species−area theory 2016 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2016 Background Species−area relationship (SAR), endemics-area relationship (EAR) and overlap-area relationship (OAR) are three important concepts in biodiversity study. The application of fundamental equations linking the SAR, EAR and OAR, can enrich the axiomatic framework of the species−area theory and deepen our understanding of the mechanisms of community assembly. Results Two fundamental equations are derived and extended to power law model and random replacement model of species−area distribution. Several important parameters, including the overlap index and extinction rate, are defined and expressed to enrich the species−area theory. For power law model, both EAR and OAR have three parameters, with one more parameter of the total area than SAR does. The EAR equation is a monotonically increasing function for parameter c and z, and a monotonically decreasing function for parameter A. The extinction rate, with two parameters, is a monotonically increasing function for parameter z, and a monotonically decreasing function for parameter A. The overlap index is a monotonically increasing function for parameter A, and a monotonically decreasing function for parameter z, independent of parameter c. Conclusions The general formats of SAR, EAR, OAR, overlap index, overlap rate, sampling rate and extinction rate, are derived and extended to power law model and random replacement model as the axiomatic framework of species−area theory. In addition, if the total area is underestimated, the extinction rate will be overestimated. Endemics-area relationship (dpeaa)DE-He213 Overlap-area relationship (dpeaa)DE-He213 Power law (dpeaa)DE-He213 Random replacement (dpeaa)DE-He213 Real total area (dpeaa)DE-He213 Sampling rate (dpeaa)DE-He213 Overlap rate (dpeaa)DE-He213 Extinction rate (dpeaa)DE-He213 Overlap index (dpeaa)DE-He213 Enthalten in BMC ecology London : BioMed Central, 2001 16(2016), 1 vom: 07. Okt. (DE-627)331018721 (DE-600)2050430-5 1472-6785 nnns volume:16 year:2016 number:1 day:07 month:10 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12898-016-0097-5 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 16 2016 1 07 10
allfieldsGer	10.1186/s12898-016-0097-5 doi (DE-627)SPR028531167 (SPR)s12898-016-0097-5-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Pan, Xubin verfasserin aut Application of fundamental equations to species−area theory 2016 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2016 Background Species−area relationship (SAR), endemics-area relationship (EAR) and overlap-area relationship (OAR) are three important concepts in biodiversity study. The application of fundamental equations linking the SAR, EAR and OAR, can enrich the axiomatic framework of the species−area theory and deepen our understanding of the mechanisms of community assembly. Results Two fundamental equations are derived and extended to power law model and random replacement model of species−area distribution. Several important parameters, including the overlap index and extinction rate, are defined and expressed to enrich the species−area theory. For power law model, both EAR and OAR have three parameters, with one more parameter of the total area than SAR does. The EAR equation is a monotonically increasing function for parameter c and z, and a monotonically decreasing function for parameter A. The extinction rate, with two parameters, is a monotonically increasing function for parameter z, and a monotonically decreasing function for parameter A. The overlap index is a monotonically increasing function for parameter A, and a monotonically decreasing function for parameter z, independent of parameter c. Conclusions The general formats of SAR, EAR, OAR, overlap index, overlap rate, sampling rate and extinction rate, are derived and extended to power law model and random replacement model as the axiomatic framework of species−area theory. In addition, if the total area is underestimated, the extinction rate will be overestimated. Endemics-area relationship (dpeaa)DE-He213 Overlap-area relationship (dpeaa)DE-He213 Power law (dpeaa)DE-He213 Random replacement (dpeaa)DE-He213 Real total area (dpeaa)DE-He213 Sampling rate (dpeaa)DE-He213 Overlap rate (dpeaa)DE-He213 Extinction rate (dpeaa)DE-He213 Overlap index (dpeaa)DE-He213 Enthalten in BMC ecology London : BioMed Central, 2001 16(2016), 1 vom: 07. Okt. (DE-627)331018721 (DE-600)2050430-5 1472-6785 nnns volume:16 year:2016 number:1 day:07 month:10 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12898-016-0097-5 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 16 2016 1 07 10
allfieldsSound	10.1186/s12898-016-0097-5 doi (DE-627)SPR028531167 (SPR)s12898-016-0097-5-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Pan, Xubin verfasserin aut Application of fundamental equations to species−area theory 2016 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2016 Background Species−area relationship (SAR), endemics-area relationship (EAR) and overlap-area relationship (OAR) are three important concepts in biodiversity study. The application of fundamental equations linking the SAR, EAR and OAR, can enrich the axiomatic framework of the species−area theory and deepen our understanding of the mechanisms of community assembly. Results Two fundamental equations are derived and extended to power law model and random replacement model of species−area distribution. Several important parameters, including the overlap index and extinction rate, are defined and expressed to enrich the species−area theory. For power law model, both EAR and OAR have three parameters, with one more parameter of the total area than SAR does. The EAR equation is a monotonically increasing function for parameter c and z, and a monotonically decreasing function for parameter A. The extinction rate, with two parameters, is a monotonically increasing function for parameter z, and a monotonically decreasing function for parameter A. The overlap index is a monotonically increasing function for parameter A, and a monotonically decreasing function for parameter z, independent of parameter c. Conclusions The general formats of SAR, EAR, OAR, overlap index, overlap rate, sampling rate and extinction rate, are derived and extended to power law model and random replacement model as the axiomatic framework of species−area theory. In addition, if the total area is underestimated, the extinction rate will be overestimated. Endemics-area relationship (dpeaa)DE-He213 Overlap-area relationship (dpeaa)DE-He213 Power law (dpeaa)DE-He213 Random replacement (dpeaa)DE-He213 Real total area (dpeaa)DE-He213 Sampling rate (dpeaa)DE-He213 Overlap rate (dpeaa)DE-He213 Extinction rate (dpeaa)DE-He213 Overlap index (dpeaa)DE-He213 Enthalten in BMC ecology London : BioMed Central, 2001 16(2016), 1 vom: 07. Okt. (DE-627)331018721 (DE-600)2050430-5 1472-6785 nnns volume:16 year:2016 number:1 day:07 month:10 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12898-016-0097-5 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 16 2016 1 07 10
language	English
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The overlap index is a monotonically increasing function for parameter A, and a monotonically decreasing function for parameter z, independent of parameter c. Conclusions The general formats of SAR, EAR, OAR, overlap index, overlap rate, sampling rate and extinction rate, are derived and extended to power law model and random replacement model as the axiomatic framework of species−area theory. 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author	Pan, Xubin
spellingShingle	Pan, Xubin misc Endemics-area relationship misc Overlap-area relationship misc Power law misc Random replacement misc Real total area misc Sampling rate misc Overlap rate misc Extinction rate misc Overlap index Application of fundamental equations to species−area theory
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topic_title	Application of fundamental equations to species−area theory Endemics-area relationship (dpeaa)DE-He213 Overlap-area relationship (dpeaa)DE-He213 Power law (dpeaa)DE-He213 Random replacement (dpeaa)DE-He213 Real total area (dpeaa)DE-He213 Sampling rate (dpeaa)DE-He213 Overlap rate (dpeaa)DE-He213 Extinction rate (dpeaa)DE-He213 Overlap index (dpeaa)DE-He213
topic	misc Endemics-area relationship misc Overlap-area relationship misc Power law misc Random replacement misc Real total area misc Sampling rate misc Overlap rate misc Extinction rate misc Overlap index
topic_unstemmed	misc Endemics-area relationship misc Overlap-area relationship misc Power law misc Random replacement misc Real total area misc Sampling rate misc Overlap rate misc Extinction rate misc Overlap index
topic_browse	misc Endemics-area relationship misc Overlap-area relationship misc Power law misc Random replacement misc Real total area misc Sampling rate misc Overlap rate misc Extinction rate misc Overlap index
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title	Application of fundamental equations to species−area theory
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title_full	Application of fundamental equations to species−area theory
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title_sort	application of fundamental equations to species−area theory
title_auth	Application of fundamental equations to species−area theory
abstract	Background Species−area relationship (SAR), endemics-area relationship (EAR) and overlap-area relationship (OAR) are three important concepts in biodiversity study. The application of fundamental equations linking the SAR, EAR and OAR, can enrich the axiomatic framework of the species−area theory and deepen our understanding of the mechanisms of community assembly. Results Two fundamental equations are derived and extended to power law model and random replacement model of species−area distribution. Several important parameters, including the overlap index and extinction rate, are defined and expressed to enrich the species−area theory. For power law model, both EAR and OAR have three parameters, with one more parameter of the total area than SAR does. The EAR equation is a monotonically increasing function for parameter c and z, and a monotonically decreasing function for parameter A. The extinction rate, with two parameters, is a monotonically increasing function for parameter z, and a monotonically decreasing function for parameter A. The overlap index is a monotonically increasing function for parameter A, and a monotonically decreasing function for parameter z, independent of parameter c. Conclusions The general formats of SAR, EAR, OAR, overlap index, overlap rate, sampling rate and extinction rate, are derived and extended to power law model and random replacement model as the axiomatic framework of species−area theory. In addition, if the total area is underestimated, the extinction rate will be overestimated. © The Author(s) 2016
abstractGer	Background Species−area relationship (SAR), endemics-area relationship (EAR) and overlap-area relationship (OAR) are three important concepts in biodiversity study. The application of fundamental equations linking the SAR, EAR and OAR, can enrich the axiomatic framework of the species−area theory and deepen our understanding of the mechanisms of community assembly. Results Two fundamental equations are derived and extended to power law model and random replacement model of species−area distribution. Several important parameters, including the overlap index and extinction rate, are defined and expressed to enrich the species−area theory. For power law model, both EAR and OAR have three parameters, with one more parameter of the total area than SAR does. The EAR equation is a monotonically increasing function for parameter c and z, and a monotonically decreasing function for parameter A. The extinction rate, with two parameters, is a monotonically increasing function for parameter z, and a monotonically decreasing function for parameter A. The overlap index is a monotonically increasing function for parameter A, and a monotonically decreasing function for parameter z, independent of parameter c. Conclusions The general formats of SAR, EAR, OAR, overlap index, overlap rate, sampling rate and extinction rate, are derived and extended to power law model and random replacement model as the axiomatic framework of species−area theory. In addition, if the total area is underestimated, the extinction rate will be overestimated. © The Author(s) 2016
abstract_unstemmed	Background Species−area relationship (SAR), endemics-area relationship (EAR) and overlap-area relationship (OAR) are three important concepts in biodiversity study. The application of fundamental equations linking the SAR, EAR and OAR, can enrich the axiomatic framework of the species−area theory and deepen our understanding of the mechanisms of community assembly. Results Two fundamental equations are derived and extended to power law model and random replacement model of species−area distribution. Several important parameters, including the overlap index and extinction rate, are defined and expressed to enrich the species−area theory. For power law model, both EAR and OAR have three parameters, with one more parameter of the total area than SAR does. The EAR equation is a monotonically increasing function for parameter c and z, and a monotonically decreasing function for parameter A. The extinction rate, with two parameters, is a monotonically increasing function for parameter z, and a monotonically decreasing function for parameter A. The overlap index is a monotonically increasing function for parameter A, and a monotonically decreasing function for parameter z, independent of parameter c. Conclusions The general formats of SAR, EAR, OAR, overlap index, overlap rate, sampling rate and extinction rate, are derived and extended to power law model and random replacement model as the axiomatic framework of species−area theory. In addition, if the total area is underestimated, the extinction rate will be overestimated. © The Author(s) 2016
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title_short	Application of fundamental equations to species−area theory
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Application of fundamental equations to species−area theory

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