The changing burden of malaria and association with vector control interventions in Zambia using district-level surveillance data, 2006–2011

Background Malaria control was strengthened in Zambia over the past decade. The two primary interventions for vector control are indoor residual spraying (IRS) and long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs). Using passive malaria surveillance data collected from 2006 to 2011 through the Zambian D...
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Autor*in:	Kamuliwo, Mulakwa [verfasserIn] Chanda, Emmanuel Haque, Ubydul Mwanza-Ingwe, Mercy Sikaala, Chadwick Katebe-Sakala, Cecilia Mukonka, Victor M Norris, Douglas E Smith, David L Glass, Gregory E Moss, William J

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2013

Schlagwörter:	Malaria Malaria Transmission Malaria Control Malaria Case Severe Malaria

Anmerkung:	© Kamuliwo et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2013. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Malaria journal - London : BioMed Central, 2002, 12(2013), 1 vom: 01. Dez.
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:12 ; year:2013 ; number:1 ; day:01 ; month:12

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1186/1475-2875-12-437

Katalog-ID:	SPR028630157

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245	1	4	\|a The changing burden of malaria and association with vector control interventions in Zambia using district-level surveillance data, 2006–2011
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520			\|a Background Malaria control was strengthened in Zambia over the past decade. The two primary interventions for vector control are indoor residual spraying (IRS) and long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs). Using passive malaria surveillance data collected from 2006 to 2011 through the Zambian District Health Information System, the associations between increased coverage with LLINs and IRS and the burden of malaria in Zambia were evaluated. Methods National passive malaria surveillance data from 2006 to 2011 were analysed. A district-level, random-effects model with Poisson regression was used to explore the association between malaria cases and coverage with LLINs and IRS. Malaria cases and LLINs and IRS coverage were mapped to visualize spatiotemporal variation in malaria for each year. Results From 2006–2011, 24.6 million LLINs were distributed and 6.4 million houses were sprayed with insecticide. Coverage with LLINs was not uniformly distributed over the study period and IRS was targeted to central and southern districts where malaria transmission was low. LLIN coverage was associated with a reduction in malaria cases, although an increase in the number of malaria cases was reported in some districts over the study period. A high burden of malaria persisted in north-eastern Zambia, whereas a reduction in the number of reported malaria cases was observed in western and southern Zambia. Conclusion Enhanced and targeted interventions in north-eastern Zambia where the burden of malaria remains high, as well as efforts to sustain low malaria transmission in the south-west, will be necessary for Zambia to achieve the national goal of being malaria free by 2030.
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700	1		\|a Smith, David L \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Glass, Gregory E \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Moss, William J \|4 aut
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allfields	10.1186/1475-2875-12-437 doi (DE-627)SPR028630157 (SPR)1475-2875-12-437-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Kamuliwo, Mulakwa verfasserin aut The changing burden of malaria and association with vector control interventions in Zambia using district-level surveillance data, 2006–2011 2013 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Kamuliwo et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2013. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( Background Malaria control was strengthened in Zambia over the past decade. The two primary interventions for vector control are indoor residual spraying (IRS) and long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs). Using passive malaria surveillance data collected from 2006 to 2011 through the Zambian District Health Information System, the associations between increased coverage with LLINs and IRS and the burden of malaria in Zambia were evaluated. Methods National passive malaria surveillance data from 2006 to 2011 were analysed. A district-level, random-effects model with Poisson regression was used to explore the association between malaria cases and coverage with LLINs and IRS. Malaria cases and LLINs and IRS coverage were mapped to visualize spatiotemporal variation in malaria for each year. Results From 2006–2011, 24.6 million LLINs were distributed and 6.4 million houses were sprayed with insecticide. Coverage with LLINs was not uniformly distributed over the study period and IRS was targeted to central and southern districts where malaria transmission was low. LLIN coverage was associated with a reduction in malaria cases, although an increase in the number of malaria cases was reported in some districts over the study period. A high burden of malaria persisted in north-eastern Zambia, whereas a reduction in the number of reported malaria cases was observed in western and southern Zambia. Conclusion Enhanced and targeted interventions in north-eastern Zambia where the burden of malaria remains high, as well as efforts to sustain low malaria transmission in the south-west, will be necessary for Zambia to achieve the national goal of being malaria free by 2030. Malaria (dpeaa)DE-He213 Malaria Transmission (dpeaa)DE-He213 Malaria Control (dpeaa)DE-He213 Malaria Case (dpeaa)DE-He213 Severe Malaria (dpeaa)DE-He213 Chanda, Emmanuel aut Haque, Ubydul aut Mwanza-Ingwe, Mercy aut Sikaala, Chadwick aut Katebe-Sakala, Cecilia aut Mukonka, Victor M aut Norris, Douglas E aut Smith, David L aut Glass, Gregory E aut Moss, William J aut Enthalten in Malaria journal London : BioMed Central, 2002 12(2013), 1 vom: 01. Dez. (DE-627)355986582 (DE-600)2091229-8 1475-2875 nnns volume:12 year:2013 number:1 day:01 month:12 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-12-437 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2013 1 01 12
spelling	10.1186/1475-2875-12-437 doi (DE-627)SPR028630157 (SPR)1475-2875-12-437-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Kamuliwo, Mulakwa verfasserin aut The changing burden of malaria and association with vector control interventions in Zambia using district-level surveillance data, 2006–2011 2013 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Kamuliwo et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2013. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( Background Malaria control was strengthened in Zambia over the past decade. The two primary interventions for vector control are indoor residual spraying (IRS) and long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs). Using passive malaria surveillance data collected from 2006 to 2011 through the Zambian District Health Information System, the associations between increased coverage with LLINs and IRS and the burden of malaria in Zambia were evaluated. Methods National passive malaria surveillance data from 2006 to 2011 were analysed. A district-level, random-effects model with Poisson regression was used to explore the association between malaria cases and coverage with LLINs and IRS. Malaria cases and LLINs and IRS coverage were mapped to visualize spatiotemporal variation in malaria for each year. Results From 2006–2011, 24.6 million LLINs were distributed and 6.4 million houses were sprayed with insecticide. Coverage with LLINs was not uniformly distributed over the study period and IRS was targeted to central and southern districts where malaria transmission was low. LLIN coverage was associated with a reduction in malaria cases, although an increase in the number of malaria cases was reported in some districts over the study period. A high burden of malaria persisted in north-eastern Zambia, whereas a reduction in the number of reported malaria cases was observed in western and southern Zambia. Conclusion Enhanced and targeted interventions in north-eastern Zambia where the burden of malaria remains high, as well as efforts to sustain low malaria transmission in the south-west, will be necessary for Zambia to achieve the national goal of being malaria free by 2030. Malaria (dpeaa)DE-He213 Malaria Transmission (dpeaa)DE-He213 Malaria Control (dpeaa)DE-He213 Malaria Case (dpeaa)DE-He213 Severe Malaria (dpeaa)DE-He213 Chanda, Emmanuel aut Haque, Ubydul aut Mwanza-Ingwe, Mercy aut Sikaala, Chadwick aut Katebe-Sakala, Cecilia aut Mukonka, Victor M aut Norris, Douglas E aut Smith, David L aut Glass, Gregory E aut Moss, William J aut Enthalten in Malaria journal London : BioMed Central, 2002 12(2013), 1 vom: 01. Dez. (DE-627)355986582 (DE-600)2091229-8 1475-2875 nnns volume:12 year:2013 number:1 day:01 month:12 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-12-437 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2013 1 01 12
allfields_unstemmed	10.1186/1475-2875-12-437 doi (DE-627)SPR028630157 (SPR)1475-2875-12-437-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Kamuliwo, Mulakwa verfasserin aut The changing burden of malaria and association with vector control interventions in Zambia using district-level surveillance data, 2006–2011 2013 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Kamuliwo et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2013. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( Background Malaria control was strengthened in Zambia over the past decade. The two primary interventions for vector control are indoor residual spraying (IRS) and long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs). Using passive malaria surveillance data collected from 2006 to 2011 through the Zambian District Health Information System, the associations between increased coverage with LLINs and IRS and the burden of malaria in Zambia were evaluated. Methods National passive malaria surveillance data from 2006 to 2011 were analysed. A district-level, random-effects model with Poisson regression was used to explore the association between malaria cases and coverage with LLINs and IRS. Malaria cases and LLINs and IRS coverage were mapped to visualize spatiotemporal variation in malaria for each year. Results From 2006–2011, 24.6 million LLINs were distributed and 6.4 million houses were sprayed with insecticide. Coverage with LLINs was not uniformly distributed over the study period and IRS was targeted to central and southern districts where malaria transmission was low. LLIN coverage was associated with a reduction in malaria cases, although an increase in the number of malaria cases was reported in some districts over the study period. A high burden of malaria persisted in north-eastern Zambia, whereas a reduction in the number of reported malaria cases was observed in western and southern Zambia. Conclusion Enhanced and targeted interventions in north-eastern Zambia where the burden of malaria remains high, as well as efforts to sustain low malaria transmission in the south-west, will be necessary for Zambia to achieve the national goal of being malaria free by 2030. Malaria (dpeaa)DE-He213 Malaria Transmission (dpeaa)DE-He213 Malaria Control (dpeaa)DE-He213 Malaria Case (dpeaa)DE-He213 Severe Malaria (dpeaa)DE-He213 Chanda, Emmanuel aut Haque, Ubydul aut Mwanza-Ingwe, Mercy aut Sikaala, Chadwick aut Katebe-Sakala, Cecilia aut Mukonka, Victor M aut Norris, Douglas E aut Smith, David L aut Glass, Gregory E aut Moss, William J aut Enthalten in Malaria journal London : BioMed Central, 2002 12(2013), 1 vom: 01. Dez. (DE-627)355986582 (DE-600)2091229-8 1475-2875 nnns volume:12 year:2013 number:1 day:01 month:12 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-12-437 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2013 1 01 12
allfieldsGer	10.1186/1475-2875-12-437 doi (DE-627)SPR028630157 (SPR)1475-2875-12-437-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Kamuliwo, Mulakwa verfasserin aut The changing burden of malaria and association with vector control interventions in Zambia using district-level surveillance data, 2006–2011 2013 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Kamuliwo et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2013. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( Background Malaria control was strengthened in Zambia over the past decade. The two primary interventions for vector control are indoor residual spraying (IRS) and long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs). Using passive malaria surveillance data collected from 2006 to 2011 through the Zambian District Health Information System, the associations between increased coverage with LLINs and IRS and the burden of malaria in Zambia were evaluated. Methods National passive malaria surveillance data from 2006 to 2011 were analysed. A district-level, random-effects model with Poisson regression was used to explore the association between malaria cases and coverage with LLINs and IRS. Malaria cases and LLINs and IRS coverage were mapped to visualize spatiotemporal variation in malaria for each year. Results From 2006–2011, 24.6 million LLINs were distributed and 6.4 million houses were sprayed with insecticide. Coverage with LLINs was not uniformly distributed over the study period and IRS was targeted to central and southern districts where malaria transmission was low. LLIN coverage was associated with a reduction in malaria cases, although an increase in the number of malaria cases was reported in some districts over the study period. A high burden of malaria persisted in north-eastern Zambia, whereas a reduction in the number of reported malaria cases was observed in western and southern Zambia. Conclusion Enhanced and targeted interventions in north-eastern Zambia where the burden of malaria remains high, as well as efforts to sustain low malaria transmission in the south-west, will be necessary for Zambia to achieve the national goal of being malaria free by 2030. Malaria (dpeaa)DE-He213 Malaria Transmission (dpeaa)DE-He213 Malaria Control (dpeaa)DE-He213 Malaria Case (dpeaa)DE-He213 Severe Malaria (dpeaa)DE-He213 Chanda, Emmanuel aut Haque, Ubydul aut Mwanza-Ingwe, Mercy aut Sikaala, Chadwick aut Katebe-Sakala, Cecilia aut Mukonka, Victor M aut Norris, Douglas E aut Smith, David L aut Glass, Gregory E aut Moss, William J aut Enthalten in Malaria journal London : BioMed Central, 2002 12(2013), 1 vom: 01. Dez. (DE-627)355986582 (DE-600)2091229-8 1475-2875 nnns volume:12 year:2013 number:1 day:01 month:12 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-12-437 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2013 1 01 12
allfieldsSound	10.1186/1475-2875-12-437 doi (DE-627)SPR028630157 (SPR)1475-2875-12-437-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Kamuliwo, Mulakwa verfasserin aut The changing burden of malaria and association with vector control interventions in Zambia using district-level surveillance data, 2006–2011 2013 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Kamuliwo et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2013. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( Background Malaria control was strengthened in Zambia over the past decade. The two primary interventions for vector control are indoor residual spraying (IRS) and long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs). Using passive malaria surveillance data collected from 2006 to 2011 through the Zambian District Health Information System, the associations between increased coverage with LLINs and IRS and the burden of malaria in Zambia were evaluated. Methods National passive malaria surveillance data from 2006 to 2011 were analysed. A district-level, random-effects model with Poisson regression was used to explore the association between malaria cases and coverage with LLINs and IRS. Malaria cases and LLINs and IRS coverage were mapped to visualize spatiotemporal variation in malaria for each year. Results From 2006–2011, 24.6 million LLINs were distributed and 6.4 million houses were sprayed with insecticide. Coverage with LLINs was not uniformly distributed over the study period and IRS was targeted to central and southern districts where malaria transmission was low. LLIN coverage was associated with a reduction in malaria cases, although an increase in the number of malaria cases was reported in some districts over the study period. A high burden of malaria persisted in north-eastern Zambia, whereas a reduction in the number of reported malaria cases was observed in western and southern Zambia. Conclusion Enhanced and targeted interventions in north-eastern Zambia where the burden of malaria remains high, as well as efforts to sustain low malaria transmission in the south-west, will be necessary for Zambia to achieve the national goal of being malaria free by 2030. Malaria (dpeaa)DE-He213 Malaria Transmission (dpeaa)DE-He213 Malaria Control (dpeaa)DE-He213 Malaria Case (dpeaa)DE-He213 Severe Malaria (dpeaa)DE-He213 Chanda, Emmanuel aut Haque, Ubydul aut Mwanza-Ingwe, Mercy aut Sikaala, Chadwick aut Katebe-Sakala, Cecilia aut Mukonka, Victor M aut Norris, Douglas E aut Smith, David L aut Glass, Gregory E aut Moss, William J aut Enthalten in Malaria journal London : BioMed Central, 2002 12(2013), 1 vom: 01. Dez. (DE-627)355986582 (DE-600)2091229-8 1475-2875 nnns volume:12 year:2013 number:1 day:01 month:12 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-12-437 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2013 1 01 12
language	English
source	Enthalten in Malaria journal 12(2013), 1 vom: 01. Dez. volume:12 year:2013 number:1 day:01 month:12
sourceStr	Enthalten in Malaria journal 12(2013), 1 vom: 01. Dez. volume:12 year:2013 number:1 day:01 month:12
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	Malaria Malaria Transmission Malaria Control Malaria Case Severe Malaria
isfreeaccess_bool	true
container_title	Malaria journal
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Kamuliwo, Mulakwa @@aut@@ Chanda, Emmanuel @@aut@@ Haque, Ubydul @@aut@@ Mwanza-Ingwe, Mercy @@aut@@ Sikaala, Chadwick @@aut@@ Katebe-Sakala, Cecilia @@aut@@ Mukonka, Victor M @@aut@@ Norris, Douglas E @@aut@@ Smith, David L @@aut@@ Glass, Gregory E @@aut@@ Moss, William J @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2013-12-01T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	355986582
id	SPR028630157
language_de	englisch
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Background Malaria control was strengthened in Zambia over the past decade. The two primary interventions for vector control are indoor residual spraying (IRS) and long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs). Using passive malaria surveillance data collected from 2006 to 2011 through the Zambian District Health Information System, the associations between increased coverage with LLINs and IRS and the burden of malaria in Zambia were evaluated. Methods National passive malaria surveillance data from 2006 to 2011 were analysed. A district-level, random-effects model with Poisson regression was used to explore the association between malaria cases and coverage with LLINs and IRS. Malaria cases and LLINs and IRS coverage were mapped to visualize spatiotemporal variation in malaria for each year. Results From 2006–2011, 24.6 million LLINs were distributed and 6.4 million houses were sprayed with insecticide. Coverage with LLINs was not uniformly distributed over the study period and IRS was targeted to central and southern districts where malaria transmission was low. LLIN coverage was associated with a reduction in malaria cases, although an increase in the number of malaria cases was reported in some districts over the study period. A high burden of malaria persisted in north-eastern Zambia, whereas a reduction in the number of reported malaria cases was observed in western and southern Zambia. 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author	Kamuliwo, Mulakwa
spellingShingle	Kamuliwo, Mulakwa misc Malaria misc Malaria Transmission misc Malaria Control misc Malaria Case misc Severe Malaria The changing burden of malaria and association with vector control interventions in Zambia using district-level surveillance data, 2006–2011
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topic_title	The changing burden of malaria and association with vector control interventions in Zambia using district-level surveillance data, 2006–2011 Malaria (dpeaa)DE-He213 Malaria Transmission (dpeaa)DE-He213 Malaria Control (dpeaa)DE-He213 Malaria Case (dpeaa)DE-He213 Severe Malaria (dpeaa)DE-He213
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title	The changing burden of malaria and association with vector control interventions in Zambia using district-level surveillance data, 2006–2011
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title_full	The changing burden of malaria and association with vector control interventions in Zambia using district-level surveillance data, 2006–2011
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author_browse	Kamuliwo, Mulakwa Chanda, Emmanuel Haque, Ubydul Mwanza-Ingwe, Mercy Sikaala, Chadwick Katebe-Sakala, Cecilia Mukonka, Victor M Norris, Douglas E Smith, David L Glass, Gregory E Moss, William J
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title_sort	changing burden of malaria and association with vector control interventions in zambia using district-level surveillance data, 2006–2011
title_auth	The changing burden of malaria and association with vector control interventions in Zambia using district-level surveillance data, 2006–2011
abstract	Background Malaria control was strengthened in Zambia over the past decade. The two primary interventions for vector control are indoor residual spraying (IRS) and long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs). Using passive malaria surveillance data collected from 2006 to 2011 through the Zambian District Health Information System, the associations between increased coverage with LLINs and IRS and the burden of malaria in Zambia were evaluated. Methods National passive malaria surveillance data from 2006 to 2011 were analysed. A district-level, random-effects model with Poisson regression was used to explore the association between malaria cases and coverage with LLINs and IRS. Malaria cases and LLINs and IRS coverage were mapped to visualize spatiotemporal variation in malaria for each year. Results From 2006–2011, 24.6 million LLINs were distributed and 6.4 million houses were sprayed with insecticide. Coverage with LLINs was not uniformly distributed over the study period and IRS was targeted to central and southern districts where malaria transmission was low. LLIN coverage was associated with a reduction in malaria cases, although an increase in the number of malaria cases was reported in some districts over the study period. A high burden of malaria persisted in north-eastern Zambia, whereas a reduction in the number of reported malaria cases was observed in western and southern Zambia. Conclusion Enhanced and targeted interventions in north-eastern Zambia where the burden of malaria remains high, as well as efforts to sustain low malaria transmission in the south-west, will be necessary for Zambia to achieve the national goal of being malaria free by 2030. © Kamuliwo et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2013. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (
abstractGer	Background Malaria control was strengthened in Zambia over the past decade. The two primary interventions for vector control are indoor residual spraying (IRS) and long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs). Using passive malaria surveillance data collected from 2006 to 2011 through the Zambian District Health Information System, the associations between increased coverage with LLINs and IRS and the burden of malaria in Zambia were evaluated. Methods National passive malaria surveillance data from 2006 to 2011 were analysed. A district-level, random-effects model with Poisson regression was used to explore the association between malaria cases and coverage with LLINs and IRS. Malaria cases and LLINs and IRS coverage were mapped to visualize spatiotemporal variation in malaria for each year. Results From 2006–2011, 24.6 million LLINs were distributed and 6.4 million houses were sprayed with insecticide. Coverage with LLINs was not uniformly distributed over the study period and IRS was targeted to central and southern districts where malaria transmission was low. LLIN coverage was associated with a reduction in malaria cases, although an increase in the number of malaria cases was reported in some districts over the study period. A high burden of malaria persisted in north-eastern Zambia, whereas a reduction in the number of reported malaria cases was observed in western and southern Zambia. Conclusion Enhanced and targeted interventions in north-eastern Zambia where the burden of malaria remains high, as well as efforts to sustain low malaria transmission in the south-west, will be necessary for Zambia to achieve the national goal of being malaria free by 2030. © Kamuliwo et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2013. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (
abstract_unstemmed	Background Malaria control was strengthened in Zambia over the past decade. The two primary interventions for vector control are indoor residual spraying (IRS) and long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs). Using passive malaria surveillance data collected from 2006 to 2011 through the Zambian District Health Information System, the associations between increased coverage with LLINs and IRS and the burden of malaria in Zambia were evaluated. Methods National passive malaria surveillance data from 2006 to 2011 were analysed. A district-level, random-effects model with Poisson regression was used to explore the association between malaria cases and coverage with LLINs and IRS. Malaria cases and LLINs and IRS coverage were mapped to visualize spatiotemporal variation in malaria for each year. Results From 2006–2011, 24.6 million LLINs were distributed and 6.4 million houses were sprayed with insecticide. Coverage with LLINs was not uniformly distributed over the study period and IRS was targeted to central and southern districts where malaria transmission was low. LLIN coverage was associated with a reduction in malaria cases, although an increase in the number of malaria cases was reported in some districts over the study period. A high burden of malaria persisted in north-eastern Zambia, whereas a reduction in the number of reported malaria cases was observed in western and southern Zambia. Conclusion Enhanced and targeted interventions in north-eastern Zambia where the burden of malaria remains high, as well as efforts to sustain low malaria transmission in the south-west, will be necessary for Zambia to achieve the national goal of being malaria free by 2030. © Kamuliwo et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2013. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (
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title_short	The changing burden of malaria and association with vector control interventions in Zambia using district-level surveillance data, 2006–2011
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author2	Chanda, Emmanuel Haque, Ubydul Mwanza-Ingwe, Mercy Sikaala, Chadwick Katebe-Sakala, Cecilia Mukonka, Victor M Norris, Douglas E Smith, David L Glass, Gregory E Moss, William J
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The changing burden of malaria and association with vector control interventions in Zambia using district-level surveillance data, 2006–2011

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