Extent of lymphadenectomy in radical cystectomy for bladder cancer

Background The benefit of pelvic lymphadenectomy in patients with cancer of the urinary bladder remains controversial. Though the inclusion of lymph node dissection in conjunction with radical cystectomy for patients with clinically negative nodes is well accepted, however, the extent of the nodal d...
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Autor*in:	Ather, M Hammad [verfasserIn] Fatima, Sadaf Sinanoglu, Orhun

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2005

Schlagwörter:	Bladder Cancer Radical Cystectomy Transitional Cell Carcinoma Pelvic Node Dissection Pelvic Lymphadenectomy

Anmerkung:	© Ather et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2005. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: World journal of surgical oncology - London : Biomed Central, 2003, 3(2005), 1 vom: 15. Juli
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:3 ; year:2005 ; number:1 ; day:15 ; month:07

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1186/1477-7819-3-43

Katalog-ID:	SPR028809297

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520			\|a Background The benefit of pelvic lymphadenectomy in patients with cancer of the urinary bladder remains controversial. Though the inclusion of lymph node dissection in conjunction with radical cystectomy for patients with clinically negative nodes is well accepted, however, the extent of the nodal dissection remains contentious, particularly in patients with gross disease and $ T_{1} %$ G_{3} $ cancer. The extent of the primary bladder tumor, number of lymph nodes removed and the lymph node tumor burden are important prognostic variables in patients undergoing cystectomy. We analyzed the impact of the extent of lymphadenectomy during radical cystectomy on survival in the contemporary literature. Methods A Pubmed search was carried out for the literature published over the last 15 years using bladder cancer, radical cystectomy, survival, lymphadenectomy and complications as the key words. We have discussed the extent of lymphadenectomy on survival and its anatomical basis to determine the optimal number of lymph nodes to be removed and the concept of node density. Results Evidence from contemporary literature indicate significantly increased survival rates after cystectomy in patients with bladder cancer diagnosed with stages III or IV disease who have had relatively more lymph nodes examined, suggesting that even some patients with higher stage disease may benefit from extended pelvic lymphadenectomy at the time of cystectomy. Studies also indicate that more extensive lymphadenectomy significantly improved the prognosis of patients with bladder cancer, not only by providing prognostic information but perhaps it is also due to its inherent therapeutic value. Conclusion Extended lymph node dissection improves local control and survival. However, in the absence of controlled randomized trial this remains a dubitable issue.
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650		4	\|a Transitional Cell Carcinoma \|7 (dpeaa)DE-He213
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650		4	\|a Pelvic Lymphadenectomy \|7 (dpeaa)DE-He213
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spelling	10.1186/1477-7819-3-43 doi (DE-627)SPR028809297 (SPR)1477-7819-3-43-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Ather, M Hammad verfasserin aut Extent of lymphadenectomy in radical cystectomy for bladder cancer 2005 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Ather et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2005. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( Background The benefit of pelvic lymphadenectomy in patients with cancer of the urinary bladder remains controversial. Though the inclusion of lymph node dissection in conjunction with radical cystectomy for patients with clinically negative nodes is well accepted, however, the extent of the nodal dissection remains contentious, particularly in patients with gross disease and $ T_{1} %$ G_{3} $ cancer. The extent of the primary bladder tumor, number of lymph nodes removed and the lymph node tumor burden are important prognostic variables in patients undergoing cystectomy. We analyzed the impact of the extent of lymphadenectomy during radical cystectomy on survival in the contemporary literature. Methods A Pubmed search was carried out for the literature published over the last 15 years using bladder cancer, radical cystectomy, survival, lymphadenectomy and complications as the key words. We have discussed the extent of lymphadenectomy on survival and its anatomical basis to determine the optimal number of lymph nodes to be removed and the concept of node density. Results Evidence from contemporary literature indicate significantly increased survival rates after cystectomy in patients with bladder cancer diagnosed with stages III or IV disease who have had relatively more lymph nodes examined, suggesting that even some patients with higher stage disease may benefit from extended pelvic lymphadenectomy at the time of cystectomy. Studies also indicate that more extensive lymphadenectomy significantly improved the prognosis of patients with bladder cancer, not only by providing prognostic information but perhaps it is also due to its inherent therapeutic value. Conclusion Extended lymph node dissection improves local control and survival. However, in the absence of controlled randomized trial this remains a dubitable issue. Bladder Cancer (dpeaa)DE-He213 Radical Cystectomy (dpeaa)DE-He213 Transitional Cell Carcinoma (dpeaa)DE-He213 Pelvic Node Dissection (dpeaa)DE-He213 Pelvic Lymphadenectomy (dpeaa)DE-He213 Fatima, Sadaf aut Sinanoglu, Orhun aut Enthalten in World journal of surgical oncology London : Biomed Central, 2003 3(2005), 1 vom: 15. Juli (DE-627)369082907 (DE-600)2118383-1 1477-7819 nnns volume:3 year:2005 number:1 day:15 month:07 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1477-7819-3-43 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 3 2005 1 15 07
allfields_unstemmed	10.1186/1477-7819-3-43 doi (DE-627)SPR028809297 (SPR)1477-7819-3-43-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Ather, M Hammad verfasserin aut Extent of lymphadenectomy in radical cystectomy for bladder cancer 2005 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Ather et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2005. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( Background The benefit of pelvic lymphadenectomy in patients with cancer of the urinary bladder remains controversial. Though the inclusion of lymph node dissection in conjunction with radical cystectomy for patients with clinically negative nodes is well accepted, however, the extent of the nodal dissection remains contentious, particularly in patients with gross disease and $ T_{1} %$ G_{3} $ cancer. The extent of the primary bladder tumor, number of lymph nodes removed and the lymph node tumor burden are important prognostic variables in patients undergoing cystectomy. We analyzed the impact of the extent of lymphadenectomy during radical cystectomy on survival in the contemporary literature. Methods A Pubmed search was carried out for the literature published over the last 15 years using bladder cancer, radical cystectomy, survival, lymphadenectomy and complications as the key words. We have discussed the extent of lymphadenectomy on survival and its anatomical basis to determine the optimal number of lymph nodes to be removed and the concept of node density. Results Evidence from contemporary literature indicate significantly increased survival rates after cystectomy in patients with bladder cancer diagnosed with stages III or IV disease who have had relatively more lymph nodes examined, suggesting that even some patients with higher stage disease may benefit from extended pelvic lymphadenectomy at the time of cystectomy. Studies also indicate that more extensive lymphadenectomy significantly improved the prognosis of patients with bladder cancer, not only by providing prognostic information but perhaps it is also due to its inherent therapeutic value. Conclusion Extended lymph node dissection improves local control and survival. However, in the absence of controlled randomized trial this remains a dubitable issue. Bladder Cancer (dpeaa)DE-He213 Radical Cystectomy (dpeaa)DE-He213 Transitional Cell Carcinoma (dpeaa)DE-He213 Pelvic Node Dissection (dpeaa)DE-He213 Pelvic Lymphadenectomy (dpeaa)DE-He213 Fatima, Sadaf aut Sinanoglu, Orhun aut Enthalten in World journal of surgical oncology London : Biomed Central, 2003 3(2005), 1 vom: 15. Juli (DE-627)369082907 (DE-600)2118383-1 1477-7819 nnns volume:3 year:2005 number:1 day:15 month:07 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1477-7819-3-43 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 3 2005 1 15 07
allfieldsGer	10.1186/1477-7819-3-43 doi (DE-627)SPR028809297 (SPR)1477-7819-3-43-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Ather, M Hammad verfasserin aut Extent of lymphadenectomy in radical cystectomy for bladder cancer 2005 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Ather et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2005. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( Background The benefit of pelvic lymphadenectomy in patients with cancer of the urinary bladder remains controversial. Though the inclusion of lymph node dissection in conjunction with radical cystectomy for patients with clinically negative nodes is well accepted, however, the extent of the nodal dissection remains contentious, particularly in patients with gross disease and $ T_{1} %$ G_{3} $ cancer. The extent of the primary bladder tumor, number of lymph nodes removed and the lymph node tumor burden are important prognostic variables in patients undergoing cystectomy. We analyzed the impact of the extent of lymphadenectomy during radical cystectomy on survival in the contemporary literature. Methods A Pubmed search was carried out for the literature published over the last 15 years using bladder cancer, radical cystectomy, survival, lymphadenectomy and complications as the key words. We have discussed the extent of lymphadenectomy on survival and its anatomical basis to determine the optimal number of lymph nodes to be removed and the concept of node density. Results Evidence from contemporary literature indicate significantly increased survival rates after cystectomy in patients with bladder cancer diagnosed with stages III or IV disease who have had relatively more lymph nodes examined, suggesting that even some patients with higher stage disease may benefit from extended pelvic lymphadenectomy at the time of cystectomy. Studies also indicate that more extensive lymphadenectomy significantly improved the prognosis of patients with bladder cancer, not only by providing prognostic information but perhaps it is also due to its inherent therapeutic value. Conclusion Extended lymph node dissection improves local control and survival. However, in the absence of controlled randomized trial this remains a dubitable issue. Bladder Cancer (dpeaa)DE-He213 Radical Cystectomy (dpeaa)DE-He213 Transitional Cell Carcinoma (dpeaa)DE-He213 Pelvic Node Dissection (dpeaa)DE-He213 Pelvic Lymphadenectomy (dpeaa)DE-He213 Fatima, Sadaf aut Sinanoglu, Orhun aut Enthalten in World journal of surgical oncology London : Biomed Central, 2003 3(2005), 1 vom: 15. Juli (DE-627)369082907 (DE-600)2118383-1 1477-7819 nnns volume:3 year:2005 number:1 day:15 month:07 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1477-7819-3-43 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 3 2005 1 15 07
allfieldsSound	10.1186/1477-7819-3-43 doi (DE-627)SPR028809297 (SPR)1477-7819-3-43-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Ather, M Hammad verfasserin aut Extent of lymphadenectomy in radical cystectomy for bladder cancer 2005 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Ather et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2005. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( Background The benefit of pelvic lymphadenectomy in patients with cancer of the urinary bladder remains controversial. Though the inclusion of lymph node dissection in conjunction with radical cystectomy for patients with clinically negative nodes is well accepted, however, the extent of the nodal dissection remains contentious, particularly in patients with gross disease and $ T_{1} %$ G_{3} $ cancer. The extent of the primary bladder tumor, number of lymph nodes removed and the lymph node tumor burden are important prognostic variables in patients undergoing cystectomy. We analyzed the impact of the extent of lymphadenectomy during radical cystectomy on survival in the contemporary literature. Methods A Pubmed search was carried out for the literature published over the last 15 years using bladder cancer, radical cystectomy, survival, lymphadenectomy and complications as the key words. We have discussed the extent of lymphadenectomy on survival and its anatomical basis to determine the optimal number of lymph nodes to be removed and the concept of node density. Results Evidence from contemporary literature indicate significantly increased survival rates after cystectomy in patients with bladder cancer diagnosed with stages III or IV disease who have had relatively more lymph nodes examined, suggesting that even some patients with higher stage disease may benefit from extended pelvic lymphadenectomy at the time of cystectomy. Studies also indicate that more extensive lymphadenectomy significantly improved the prognosis of patients with bladder cancer, not only by providing prognostic information but perhaps it is also due to its inherent therapeutic value. Conclusion Extended lymph node dissection improves local control and survival. However, in the absence of controlled randomized trial this remains a dubitable issue. Bladder Cancer (dpeaa)DE-He213 Radical Cystectomy (dpeaa)DE-He213 Transitional Cell Carcinoma (dpeaa)DE-He213 Pelvic Node Dissection (dpeaa)DE-He213 Pelvic Lymphadenectomy (dpeaa)DE-He213 Fatima, Sadaf aut Sinanoglu, Orhun aut Enthalten in World journal of surgical oncology London : Biomed Central, 2003 3(2005), 1 vom: 15. Juli (DE-627)369082907 (DE-600)2118383-1 1477-7819 nnns volume:3 year:2005 number:1 day:15 month:07 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1477-7819-3-43 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 3 2005 1 15 07
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Background The benefit of pelvic lymphadenectomy in patients with cancer of the urinary bladder remains controversial. Though the inclusion of lymph node dissection in conjunction with radical cystectomy for patients with clinically negative nodes is well accepted, however, the extent of the nodal dissection remains contentious, particularly in patients with gross disease and $ T_{1} %$ G_{3} $ cancer. The extent of the primary bladder tumor, number of lymph nodes removed and the lymph node tumor burden are important prognostic variables in patients undergoing cystectomy. We analyzed the impact of the extent of lymphadenectomy during radical cystectomy on survival in the contemporary literature. Methods A Pubmed search was carried out for the literature published over the last 15 years using bladder cancer, radical cystectomy, survival, lymphadenectomy and complications as the key words. We have discussed the extent of lymphadenectomy on survival and its anatomical basis to determine the optimal number of lymph nodes to be removed and the concept of node density. Results Evidence from contemporary literature indicate significantly increased survival rates after cystectomy in patients with bladder cancer diagnosed with stages III or IV disease who have had relatively more lymph nodes examined, suggesting that even some patients with higher stage disease may benefit from extended pelvic lymphadenectomy at the time of cystectomy. Studies also indicate that more extensive lymphadenectomy significantly improved the prognosis of patients with bladder cancer, not only by providing prognostic information but perhaps it is also due to its inherent therapeutic value. 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author	Ather, M Hammad
spellingShingle	Ather, M Hammad misc Bladder Cancer misc Radical Cystectomy misc Transitional Cell Carcinoma misc Pelvic Node Dissection misc Pelvic Lymphadenectomy Extent of lymphadenectomy in radical cystectomy for bladder cancer
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topic_title	Extent of lymphadenectomy in radical cystectomy for bladder cancer Bladder Cancer (dpeaa)DE-He213 Radical Cystectomy (dpeaa)DE-He213 Transitional Cell Carcinoma (dpeaa)DE-He213 Pelvic Node Dissection (dpeaa)DE-He213 Pelvic Lymphadenectomy (dpeaa)DE-He213
topic	misc Bladder Cancer misc Radical Cystectomy misc Transitional Cell Carcinoma misc Pelvic Node Dissection misc Pelvic Lymphadenectomy
topic_unstemmed	misc Bladder Cancer misc Radical Cystectomy misc Transitional Cell Carcinoma misc Pelvic Node Dissection misc Pelvic Lymphadenectomy
topic_browse	misc Bladder Cancer misc Radical Cystectomy misc Transitional Cell Carcinoma misc Pelvic Node Dissection misc Pelvic Lymphadenectomy
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title	Extent of lymphadenectomy in radical cystectomy for bladder cancer
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title_sort	extent of lymphadenectomy in radical cystectomy for bladder cancer
title_auth	Extent of lymphadenectomy in radical cystectomy for bladder cancer
abstract	Background The benefit of pelvic lymphadenectomy in patients with cancer of the urinary bladder remains controversial. Though the inclusion of lymph node dissection in conjunction with radical cystectomy for patients with clinically negative nodes is well accepted, however, the extent of the nodal dissection remains contentious, particularly in patients with gross disease and $ T_{1} %$ G_{3} $ cancer. The extent of the primary bladder tumor, number of lymph nodes removed and the lymph node tumor burden are important prognostic variables in patients undergoing cystectomy. We analyzed the impact of the extent of lymphadenectomy during radical cystectomy on survival in the contemporary literature. Methods A Pubmed search was carried out for the literature published over the last 15 years using bladder cancer, radical cystectomy, survival, lymphadenectomy and complications as the key words. We have discussed the extent of lymphadenectomy on survival and its anatomical basis to determine the optimal number of lymph nodes to be removed and the concept of node density. Results Evidence from contemporary literature indicate significantly increased survival rates after cystectomy in patients with bladder cancer diagnosed with stages III or IV disease who have had relatively more lymph nodes examined, suggesting that even some patients with higher stage disease may benefit from extended pelvic lymphadenectomy at the time of cystectomy. Studies also indicate that more extensive lymphadenectomy significantly improved the prognosis of patients with bladder cancer, not only by providing prognostic information but perhaps it is also due to its inherent therapeutic value. Conclusion Extended lymph node dissection improves local control and survival. However, in the absence of controlled randomized trial this remains a dubitable issue. © Ather et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2005. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (
abstractGer	Background The benefit of pelvic lymphadenectomy in patients with cancer of the urinary bladder remains controversial. Though the inclusion of lymph node dissection in conjunction with radical cystectomy for patients with clinically negative nodes is well accepted, however, the extent of the nodal dissection remains contentious, particularly in patients with gross disease and $ T_{1} %$ G_{3} $ cancer. The extent of the primary bladder tumor, number of lymph nodes removed and the lymph node tumor burden are important prognostic variables in patients undergoing cystectomy. We analyzed the impact of the extent of lymphadenectomy during radical cystectomy on survival in the contemporary literature. Methods A Pubmed search was carried out for the literature published over the last 15 years using bladder cancer, radical cystectomy, survival, lymphadenectomy and complications as the key words. We have discussed the extent of lymphadenectomy on survival and its anatomical basis to determine the optimal number of lymph nodes to be removed and the concept of node density. Results Evidence from contemporary literature indicate significantly increased survival rates after cystectomy in patients with bladder cancer diagnosed with stages III or IV disease who have had relatively more lymph nodes examined, suggesting that even some patients with higher stage disease may benefit from extended pelvic lymphadenectomy at the time of cystectomy. Studies also indicate that more extensive lymphadenectomy significantly improved the prognosis of patients with bladder cancer, not only by providing prognostic information but perhaps it is also due to its inherent therapeutic value. Conclusion Extended lymph node dissection improves local control and survival. However, in the absence of controlled randomized trial this remains a dubitable issue. © Ather et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2005. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (
abstract_unstemmed	Background The benefit of pelvic lymphadenectomy in patients with cancer of the urinary bladder remains controversial. Though the inclusion of lymph node dissection in conjunction with radical cystectomy for patients with clinically negative nodes is well accepted, however, the extent of the nodal dissection remains contentious, particularly in patients with gross disease and $ T_{1} %$ G_{3} $ cancer. The extent of the primary bladder tumor, number of lymph nodes removed and the lymph node tumor burden are important prognostic variables in patients undergoing cystectomy. We analyzed the impact of the extent of lymphadenectomy during radical cystectomy on survival in the contemporary literature. Methods A Pubmed search was carried out for the literature published over the last 15 years using bladder cancer, radical cystectomy, survival, lymphadenectomy and complications as the key words. We have discussed the extent of lymphadenectomy on survival and its anatomical basis to determine the optimal number of lymph nodes to be removed and the concept of node density. Results Evidence from contemporary literature indicate significantly increased survival rates after cystectomy in patients with bladder cancer diagnosed with stages III or IV disease who have had relatively more lymph nodes examined, suggesting that even some patients with higher stage disease may benefit from extended pelvic lymphadenectomy at the time of cystectomy. Studies also indicate that more extensive lymphadenectomy significantly improved the prognosis of patients with bladder cancer, not only by providing prognostic information but perhaps it is also due to its inherent therapeutic value. Conclusion Extended lymph node dissection improves local control and survival. However, in the absence of controlled randomized trial this remains a dubitable issue. © Ather et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2005. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (
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title_short	Extent of lymphadenectomy in radical cystectomy for bladder cancer
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Extent of lymphadenectomy in radical cystectomy for bladder cancer

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