Cardiac dynamics: a simplified model for action potential propagation

Abstract This paper analyzes a new semiphysiological ionic model, used recently to study reexitations and reentry in cardiac tissue [I.R. Cantalapiedra et al, PRE 82 011907 (2010)]. The aim of the model is to reproduce action potencial morphologies and restitution curves obtained, either from experi...
Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Peñaranda, Angelina [verfasserIn] Cantalapiedra, Inma R Bragard, Jean Echebarria, Blas

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2012

Schlagwörter:	Action Potential Duration Spiral Wave Action Potential Propagation Pace Rate Transmembrane Voltage

Anmerkung:	© Peñaranda et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2012

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Theoretical biology and medical modelling - London : BioMed Central, 2004, 9(2012), 1 vom: 29. Nov.
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:9 ; year:2012 ; number:1 ; day:29 ; month:11

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1186/1742-4682-9-50

Katalog-ID:	SPR029128773

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allfields	10.1186/1742-4682-9-50 doi (DE-627)SPR029128773 (SPR)1742-4682-9-50-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Peñaranda, Angelina verfasserin aut Cardiac dynamics: a simplified model for action potential propagation 2012 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Peñaranda et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2012 Abstract This paper analyzes a new semiphysiological ionic model, used recently to study reexitations and reentry in cardiac tissue [I.R. Cantalapiedra et al, PRE 82 011907 (2010)]. The aim of the model is to reproduce action potencial morphologies and restitution curves obtained, either from experimental data, or from more complex electrophysiological models. The model divides all ion currents into four groups according to their function, thus resulting into fast-slow and inward-outward currents. We show that this simplified model is flexible enough as to accurately capture the electrical properties of cardiac myocytes, having the advantage of being less computational demanding than detailed electrophysiological models. Under some conditions, it has been shown to be amenable to mathematical analysis. The model reproduces the action potential (AP) change with stimulation rate observed both experimentally and in realistic models of healthy human and guinea pig myocytes (TNNP and LRd models, respectively). When simulated in a cable it also gives the right dependence of the conduction velocity (CV) with stimulation rate. Besides reproducing correctly these restitution properties, it also gives a good fit for the morphology of the AP, including the notch typical of phase 1. Finally, we perform simulations in a realistic geometric model of the rabbit’s ventricles, finding a good qualitative agreement in AP propagation and the ECG. Thus, this simplified model represents an alternative to more complex models when studying instabilities in wave propagation. Action Potential Duration (dpeaa)DE-He213 Spiral Wave (dpeaa)DE-He213 Action Potential Propagation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Pace Rate (dpeaa)DE-He213 Transmembrane Voltage (dpeaa)DE-He213 Cantalapiedra, Inma R aut Bragard, Jean aut Echebarria, Blas aut Enthalten in Theoretical biology and medical modelling London : BioMed Central, 2004 9(2012), 1 vom: 29. Nov. (DE-627)39178482X (DE-600)2156462-0 1742-4682 nnns volume:9 year:2012 number:1 day:29 month:11 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1742-4682-9-50 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 9 2012 1 29 11
spelling	10.1186/1742-4682-9-50 doi (DE-627)SPR029128773 (SPR)1742-4682-9-50-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Peñaranda, Angelina verfasserin aut Cardiac dynamics: a simplified model for action potential propagation 2012 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Peñaranda et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2012 Abstract This paper analyzes a new semiphysiological ionic model, used recently to study reexitations and reentry in cardiac tissue [I.R. Cantalapiedra et al, PRE 82 011907 (2010)]. The aim of the model is to reproduce action potencial morphologies and restitution curves obtained, either from experimental data, or from more complex electrophysiological models. The model divides all ion currents into four groups according to their function, thus resulting into fast-slow and inward-outward currents. We show that this simplified model is flexible enough as to accurately capture the electrical properties of cardiac myocytes, having the advantage of being less computational demanding than detailed electrophysiological models. Under some conditions, it has been shown to be amenable to mathematical analysis. The model reproduces the action potential (AP) change with stimulation rate observed both experimentally and in realistic models of healthy human and guinea pig myocytes (TNNP and LRd models, respectively). When simulated in a cable it also gives the right dependence of the conduction velocity (CV) with stimulation rate. Besides reproducing correctly these restitution properties, it also gives a good fit for the morphology of the AP, including the notch typical of phase 1. Finally, we perform simulations in a realistic geometric model of the rabbit’s ventricles, finding a good qualitative agreement in AP propagation and the ECG. Thus, this simplified model represents an alternative to more complex models when studying instabilities in wave propagation. Action Potential Duration (dpeaa)DE-He213 Spiral Wave (dpeaa)DE-He213 Action Potential Propagation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Pace Rate (dpeaa)DE-He213 Transmembrane Voltage (dpeaa)DE-He213 Cantalapiedra, Inma R aut Bragard, Jean aut Echebarria, Blas aut Enthalten in Theoretical biology and medical modelling London : BioMed Central, 2004 9(2012), 1 vom: 29. Nov. (DE-627)39178482X (DE-600)2156462-0 1742-4682 nnns volume:9 year:2012 number:1 day:29 month:11 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1742-4682-9-50 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 9 2012 1 29 11
allfields_unstemmed	10.1186/1742-4682-9-50 doi (DE-627)SPR029128773 (SPR)1742-4682-9-50-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Peñaranda, Angelina verfasserin aut Cardiac dynamics: a simplified model for action potential propagation 2012 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Peñaranda et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2012 Abstract This paper analyzes a new semiphysiological ionic model, used recently to study reexitations and reentry in cardiac tissue [I.R. Cantalapiedra et al, PRE 82 011907 (2010)]. The aim of the model is to reproduce action potencial morphologies and restitution curves obtained, either from experimental data, or from more complex electrophysiological models. The model divides all ion currents into four groups according to their function, thus resulting into fast-slow and inward-outward currents. We show that this simplified model is flexible enough as to accurately capture the electrical properties of cardiac myocytes, having the advantage of being less computational demanding than detailed electrophysiological models. Under some conditions, it has been shown to be amenable to mathematical analysis. The model reproduces the action potential (AP) change with stimulation rate observed both experimentally and in realistic models of healthy human and guinea pig myocytes (TNNP and LRd models, respectively). When simulated in a cable it also gives the right dependence of the conduction velocity (CV) with stimulation rate. Besides reproducing correctly these restitution properties, it also gives a good fit for the morphology of the AP, including the notch typical of phase 1. Finally, we perform simulations in a realistic geometric model of the rabbit’s ventricles, finding a good qualitative agreement in AP propagation and the ECG. Thus, this simplified model represents an alternative to more complex models when studying instabilities in wave propagation. Action Potential Duration (dpeaa)DE-He213 Spiral Wave (dpeaa)DE-He213 Action Potential Propagation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Pace Rate (dpeaa)DE-He213 Transmembrane Voltage (dpeaa)DE-He213 Cantalapiedra, Inma R aut Bragard, Jean aut Echebarria, Blas aut Enthalten in Theoretical biology and medical modelling London : BioMed Central, 2004 9(2012), 1 vom: 29. Nov. (DE-627)39178482X (DE-600)2156462-0 1742-4682 nnns volume:9 year:2012 number:1 day:29 month:11 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1742-4682-9-50 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 9 2012 1 29 11
allfieldsGer	10.1186/1742-4682-9-50 doi (DE-627)SPR029128773 (SPR)1742-4682-9-50-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Peñaranda, Angelina verfasserin aut Cardiac dynamics: a simplified model for action potential propagation 2012 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Peñaranda et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2012 Abstract This paper analyzes a new semiphysiological ionic model, used recently to study reexitations and reentry in cardiac tissue [I.R. Cantalapiedra et al, PRE 82 011907 (2010)]. The aim of the model is to reproduce action potencial morphologies and restitution curves obtained, either from experimental data, or from more complex electrophysiological models. The model divides all ion currents into four groups according to their function, thus resulting into fast-slow and inward-outward currents. We show that this simplified model is flexible enough as to accurately capture the electrical properties of cardiac myocytes, having the advantage of being less computational demanding than detailed electrophysiological models. Under some conditions, it has been shown to be amenable to mathematical analysis. The model reproduces the action potential (AP) change with stimulation rate observed both experimentally and in realistic models of healthy human and guinea pig myocytes (TNNP and LRd models, respectively). When simulated in a cable it also gives the right dependence of the conduction velocity (CV) with stimulation rate. Besides reproducing correctly these restitution properties, it also gives a good fit for the morphology of the AP, including the notch typical of phase 1. Finally, we perform simulations in a realistic geometric model of the rabbit’s ventricles, finding a good qualitative agreement in AP propagation and the ECG. Thus, this simplified model represents an alternative to more complex models when studying instabilities in wave propagation. Action Potential Duration (dpeaa)DE-He213 Spiral Wave (dpeaa)DE-He213 Action Potential Propagation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Pace Rate (dpeaa)DE-He213 Transmembrane Voltage (dpeaa)DE-He213 Cantalapiedra, Inma R aut Bragard, Jean aut Echebarria, Blas aut Enthalten in Theoretical biology and medical modelling London : BioMed Central, 2004 9(2012), 1 vom: 29. Nov. (DE-627)39178482X (DE-600)2156462-0 1742-4682 nnns volume:9 year:2012 number:1 day:29 month:11 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1742-4682-9-50 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 9 2012 1 29 11
allfieldsSound	10.1186/1742-4682-9-50 doi (DE-627)SPR029128773 (SPR)1742-4682-9-50-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Peñaranda, Angelina verfasserin aut Cardiac dynamics: a simplified model for action potential propagation 2012 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Peñaranda et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2012 Abstract This paper analyzes a new semiphysiological ionic model, used recently to study reexitations and reentry in cardiac tissue [I.R. Cantalapiedra et al, PRE 82 011907 (2010)]. The aim of the model is to reproduce action potencial morphologies and restitution curves obtained, either from experimental data, or from more complex electrophysiological models. The model divides all ion currents into four groups according to their function, thus resulting into fast-slow and inward-outward currents. We show that this simplified model is flexible enough as to accurately capture the electrical properties of cardiac myocytes, having the advantage of being less computational demanding than detailed electrophysiological models. Under some conditions, it has been shown to be amenable to mathematical analysis. The model reproduces the action potential (AP) change with stimulation rate observed both experimentally and in realistic models of healthy human and guinea pig myocytes (TNNP and LRd models, respectively). When simulated in a cable it also gives the right dependence of the conduction velocity (CV) with stimulation rate. Besides reproducing correctly these restitution properties, it also gives a good fit for the morphology of the AP, including the notch typical of phase 1. Finally, we perform simulations in a realistic geometric model of the rabbit’s ventricles, finding a good qualitative agreement in AP propagation and the ECG. Thus, this simplified model represents an alternative to more complex models when studying instabilities in wave propagation. Action Potential Duration (dpeaa)DE-He213 Spiral Wave (dpeaa)DE-He213 Action Potential Propagation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Pace Rate (dpeaa)DE-He213 Transmembrane Voltage (dpeaa)DE-He213 Cantalapiedra, Inma R aut Bragard, Jean aut Echebarria, Blas aut Enthalten in Theoretical biology and medical modelling London : BioMed Central, 2004 9(2012), 1 vom: 29. Nov. (DE-627)39178482X (DE-600)2156462-0 1742-4682 nnns volume:9 year:2012 number:1 day:29 month:11 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1742-4682-9-50 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 9 2012 1 29 11
language	English
source	Enthalten in Theoretical biology and medical modelling 9(2012), 1 vom: 29. Nov. volume:9 year:2012 number:1 day:29 month:11
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topic_facet	Action Potential Duration Spiral Wave Action Potential Propagation Pace Rate Transmembrane Voltage
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author	Peñaranda, Angelina
spellingShingle	Peñaranda, Angelina misc Action Potential Duration misc Spiral Wave misc Action Potential Propagation misc Pace Rate misc Transmembrane Voltage Cardiac dynamics: a simplified model for action potential propagation
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topic_title	Cardiac dynamics: a simplified model for action potential propagation Action Potential Duration (dpeaa)DE-He213 Spiral Wave (dpeaa)DE-He213 Action Potential Propagation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Pace Rate (dpeaa)DE-He213 Transmembrane Voltage (dpeaa)DE-He213
topic	misc Action Potential Duration misc Spiral Wave misc Action Potential Propagation misc Pace Rate misc Transmembrane Voltage
topic_unstemmed	misc Action Potential Duration misc Spiral Wave misc Action Potential Propagation misc Pace Rate misc Transmembrane Voltage
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title	Cardiac dynamics: a simplified model for action potential propagation
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title_full	Cardiac dynamics: a simplified model for action potential propagation
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author_browse	Peñaranda, Angelina Cantalapiedra, Inma R Bragard, Jean Echebarria, Blas
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title_sort	cardiac dynamics: a simplified model for action potential propagation
title_auth	Cardiac dynamics: a simplified model for action potential propagation
abstract	Abstract This paper analyzes a new semiphysiological ionic model, used recently to study reexitations and reentry in cardiac tissue [I.R. Cantalapiedra et al, PRE 82 011907 (2010)]. The aim of the model is to reproduce action potencial morphologies and restitution curves obtained, either from experimental data, or from more complex electrophysiological models. The model divides all ion currents into four groups according to their function, thus resulting into fast-slow and inward-outward currents. We show that this simplified model is flexible enough as to accurately capture the electrical properties of cardiac myocytes, having the advantage of being less computational demanding than detailed electrophysiological models. Under some conditions, it has been shown to be amenable to mathematical analysis. The model reproduces the action potential (AP) change with stimulation rate observed both experimentally and in realistic models of healthy human and guinea pig myocytes (TNNP and LRd models, respectively). When simulated in a cable it also gives the right dependence of the conduction velocity (CV) with stimulation rate. Besides reproducing correctly these restitution properties, it also gives a good fit for the morphology of the AP, including the notch typical of phase 1. Finally, we perform simulations in a realistic geometric model of the rabbit’s ventricles, finding a good qualitative agreement in AP propagation and the ECG. Thus, this simplified model represents an alternative to more complex models when studying instabilities in wave propagation. © Peñaranda et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2012
abstractGer	Abstract This paper analyzes a new semiphysiological ionic model, used recently to study reexitations and reentry in cardiac tissue [I.R. Cantalapiedra et al, PRE 82 011907 (2010)]. The aim of the model is to reproduce action potencial morphologies and restitution curves obtained, either from experimental data, or from more complex electrophysiological models. The model divides all ion currents into four groups according to their function, thus resulting into fast-slow and inward-outward currents. We show that this simplified model is flexible enough as to accurately capture the electrical properties of cardiac myocytes, having the advantage of being less computational demanding than detailed electrophysiological models. Under some conditions, it has been shown to be amenable to mathematical analysis. The model reproduces the action potential (AP) change with stimulation rate observed both experimentally and in realistic models of healthy human and guinea pig myocytes (TNNP and LRd models, respectively). When simulated in a cable it also gives the right dependence of the conduction velocity (CV) with stimulation rate. Besides reproducing correctly these restitution properties, it also gives a good fit for the morphology of the AP, including the notch typical of phase 1. Finally, we perform simulations in a realistic geometric model of the rabbit’s ventricles, finding a good qualitative agreement in AP propagation and the ECG. Thus, this simplified model represents an alternative to more complex models when studying instabilities in wave propagation. © Peñaranda et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2012
abstract_unstemmed	Abstract This paper analyzes a new semiphysiological ionic model, used recently to study reexitations and reentry in cardiac tissue [I.R. Cantalapiedra et al, PRE 82 011907 (2010)]. The aim of the model is to reproduce action potencial morphologies and restitution curves obtained, either from experimental data, or from more complex electrophysiological models. The model divides all ion currents into four groups according to their function, thus resulting into fast-slow and inward-outward currents. We show that this simplified model is flexible enough as to accurately capture the electrical properties of cardiac myocytes, having the advantage of being less computational demanding than detailed electrophysiological models. Under some conditions, it has been shown to be amenable to mathematical analysis. The model reproduces the action potential (AP) change with stimulation rate observed both experimentally and in realistic models of healthy human and guinea pig myocytes (TNNP and LRd models, respectively). When simulated in a cable it also gives the right dependence of the conduction velocity (CV) with stimulation rate. Besides reproducing correctly these restitution properties, it also gives a good fit for the morphology of the AP, including the notch typical of phase 1. Finally, we perform simulations in a realistic geometric model of the rabbit’s ventricles, finding a good qualitative agreement in AP propagation and the ECG. Thus, this simplified model represents an alternative to more complex models when studying instabilities in wave propagation. © Peñaranda et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2012
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title_short	Cardiac dynamics: a simplified model for action potential propagation
url	https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1742-4682-9-50
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author2	Cantalapiedra, Inma R Bragard, Jean Echebarria, Blas
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Cardiac dynamics: a simplified model for action potential propagation

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