No evidence for assortative mating within a willow warbler migratory divide

Introduction In contact zones, genetic mixing of two taxa can be restricted by prezygotic (e.g. assortative mating) or postzygotic (lower fitness of hybrid offspring) barriers, or a combination of the two. A hybrid zone between two willow warbler subspecies (Phylloscopus trochilus trochilus, P. t. acredula) with distinctive migratory strategies occurs in central Sweden. These subspecies exhibit differences in migratory direction and distance, resulting in geographically distinct wintering areas in Africa. The subspecies may have diverged from a common refuge after the last ice age, and neutral genetic markers are homogeneous across their range. By contrast, several phenotypic traits and genetic markers of two chromosomal regions previously identified show steep clines across the divide. The evolutionary forces that maintain this migratory divide remain unknown. Here we use plumage colour, morphology, genetic markers and feather stable nitrogen-isotopes (δ15N) to assess if assortative mating between migratory phenotypes could be acting as a possible mechanism for keeping the two forms genetically separate and maintaining the migratory divide. We colour-ringed a willow warbler breeding population in the central part of the hybrid zone and observed the breeding population to assess phenotypic and genotypic traits of social pairs. Results Our data suggest that wintering area and genetic ancestry had an effect on male arrival time to the breeding grounds which could contribute to assortment. However, evidence for assortative mating could not be detected based on a comparison of plumage colour, morphology and δ15N between social mates. Conclusion This finding was strengthened by analyses of subspecies-specific genetic markers, which allowed us to identify the presence of a large proportion of potential hybrids and backcrosses at the study site. Our results supported the hypothesis that pre-mating isolation in willow warblers is weak, resulting in extensive hybridisation across the migratory divide. Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Liedvogel, Miriam [verfasserIn] Larson, Keith W Lundberg, Max Gursoy, Arzu Wassenaar, Leonard I Hobson, Keith A Bensch, Staffan Åkesson, Susanne

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2014

Schlagwörter:	Hybrid zone Prezygotic selection Postzygotic selection Reproductive isolation Willow warbler Phylloscopus trochilus Nitrogen-15

Anmerkung:	© Liedvogel et al. 2014

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Frontiers in zoology - London : BioMed Central, 2004, 11(2014), 1 vom: 12. Juli
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:11 ; year:2014 ; number:1 ; day:12 ; month:07

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1186/s12983-014-0052-2

Katalog-ID:	SPR029212278

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allfields	10.1186/s12983-014-0052-2 doi (DE-627)SPR029212278 (SPR)s12983-014-0052-2-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Liedvogel, Miriam verfasserin aut No evidence for assortative mating within a willow warbler migratory divide 2014 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Liedvogel et al. 2014 Introduction In contact zones, genetic mixing of two taxa can be restricted by prezygotic (e.g. assortative mating) or postzygotic (lower fitness of hybrid offspring) barriers, or a combination of the two. A hybrid zone between two willow warbler subspecies (Phylloscopus trochilus trochilus, P. t. acredula) with distinctive migratory strategies occurs in central Sweden. These subspecies exhibit differences in migratory direction and distance, resulting in geographically distinct wintering areas in Africa. The subspecies may have diverged from a common refuge after the last ice age, and neutral genetic markers are homogeneous across their range. By contrast, several phenotypic traits and genetic markers of two chromosomal regions previously identified show steep clines across the divide. The evolutionary forces that maintain this migratory divide remain unknown. Here we use plumage colour, morphology, genetic markers and feather stable nitrogen-isotopes (δ15N) to assess if assortative mating between migratory phenotypes could be acting as a possible mechanism for keeping the two forms genetically separate and maintaining the migratory divide. We colour-ringed a willow warbler breeding population in the central part of the hybrid zone and observed the breeding population to assess phenotypic and genotypic traits of social pairs. Results Our data suggest that wintering area and genetic ancestry had an effect on male arrival time to the breeding grounds which could contribute to assortment. However, evidence for assortative mating could not be detected based on a comparison of plumage colour, morphology and δ15N between social mates. Conclusion This finding was strengthened by analyses of subspecies-specific genetic markers, which allowed us to identify the presence of a large proportion of potential hybrids and backcrosses at the study site. Our results supported the hypothesis that pre-mating isolation in willow warblers is weak, resulting in extensive hybridisation across the migratory divide. Hybrid zone (dpeaa)DE-He213 Prezygotic selection (dpeaa)DE-He213 Postzygotic selection (dpeaa)DE-He213 Reproductive isolation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Willow warbler (dpeaa)DE-He213 Phylloscopus trochilus (dpeaa)DE-He213 Nitrogen-15 (dpeaa)DE-He213 Larson, Keith W aut Lundberg, Max aut Gursoy, Arzu aut Wassenaar, Leonard I aut Hobson, Keith A aut Bensch, Staffan aut Åkesson, Susanne aut Enthalten in Frontiers in zoology London : BioMed Central, 2004 11(2014), 1 vom: 12. Juli (DE-627)461908166 (DE-600)2164409-3 1742-9994 nnns volume:11 year:2014 number:1 day:12 month:07 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12983-014-0052-2 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2014 1 12 07
spelling	10.1186/s12983-014-0052-2 doi (DE-627)SPR029212278 (SPR)s12983-014-0052-2-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Liedvogel, Miriam verfasserin aut No evidence for assortative mating within a willow warbler migratory divide 2014 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Liedvogel et al. 2014 Introduction In contact zones, genetic mixing of two taxa can be restricted by prezygotic (e.g. assortative mating) or postzygotic (lower fitness of hybrid offspring) barriers, or a combination of the two. A hybrid zone between two willow warbler subspecies (Phylloscopus trochilus trochilus, P. t. acredula) with distinctive migratory strategies occurs in central Sweden. These subspecies exhibit differences in migratory direction and distance, resulting in geographically distinct wintering areas in Africa. The subspecies may have diverged from a common refuge after the last ice age, and neutral genetic markers are homogeneous across their range. By contrast, several phenotypic traits and genetic markers of two chromosomal regions previously identified show steep clines across the divide. The evolutionary forces that maintain this migratory divide remain unknown. Here we use plumage colour, morphology, genetic markers and feather stable nitrogen-isotopes (δ15N) to assess if assortative mating between migratory phenotypes could be acting as a possible mechanism for keeping the two forms genetically separate and maintaining the migratory divide. We colour-ringed a willow warbler breeding population in the central part of the hybrid zone and observed the breeding population to assess phenotypic and genotypic traits of social pairs. Results Our data suggest that wintering area and genetic ancestry had an effect on male arrival time to the breeding grounds which could contribute to assortment. However, evidence for assortative mating could not be detected based on a comparison of plumage colour, morphology and δ15N between social mates. Conclusion This finding was strengthened by analyses of subspecies-specific genetic markers, which allowed us to identify the presence of a large proportion of potential hybrids and backcrosses at the study site. Our results supported the hypothesis that pre-mating isolation in willow warblers is weak, resulting in extensive hybridisation across the migratory divide. Hybrid zone (dpeaa)DE-He213 Prezygotic selection (dpeaa)DE-He213 Postzygotic selection (dpeaa)DE-He213 Reproductive isolation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Willow warbler (dpeaa)DE-He213 Phylloscopus trochilus (dpeaa)DE-He213 Nitrogen-15 (dpeaa)DE-He213 Larson, Keith W aut Lundberg, Max aut Gursoy, Arzu aut Wassenaar, Leonard I aut Hobson, Keith A aut Bensch, Staffan aut Åkesson, Susanne aut Enthalten in Frontiers in zoology London : BioMed Central, 2004 11(2014), 1 vom: 12. Juli (DE-627)461908166 (DE-600)2164409-3 1742-9994 nnns volume:11 year:2014 number:1 day:12 month:07 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12983-014-0052-2 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2014 1 12 07
allfields_unstemmed	10.1186/s12983-014-0052-2 doi (DE-627)SPR029212278 (SPR)s12983-014-0052-2-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Liedvogel, Miriam verfasserin aut No evidence for assortative mating within a willow warbler migratory divide 2014 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Liedvogel et al. 2014 Introduction In contact zones, genetic mixing of two taxa can be restricted by prezygotic (e.g. assortative mating) or postzygotic (lower fitness of hybrid offspring) barriers, or a combination of the two. A hybrid zone between two willow warbler subspecies (Phylloscopus trochilus trochilus, P. t. acredula) with distinctive migratory strategies occurs in central Sweden. These subspecies exhibit differences in migratory direction and distance, resulting in geographically distinct wintering areas in Africa. The subspecies may have diverged from a common refuge after the last ice age, and neutral genetic markers are homogeneous across their range. By contrast, several phenotypic traits and genetic markers of two chromosomal regions previously identified show steep clines across the divide. The evolutionary forces that maintain this migratory divide remain unknown. Here we use plumage colour, morphology, genetic markers and feather stable nitrogen-isotopes (δ15N) to assess if assortative mating between migratory phenotypes could be acting as a possible mechanism for keeping the two forms genetically separate and maintaining the migratory divide. We colour-ringed a willow warbler breeding population in the central part of the hybrid zone and observed the breeding population to assess phenotypic and genotypic traits of social pairs. Results Our data suggest that wintering area and genetic ancestry had an effect on male arrival time to the breeding grounds which could contribute to assortment. However, evidence for assortative mating could not be detected based on a comparison of plumage colour, morphology and δ15N between social mates. Conclusion This finding was strengthened by analyses of subspecies-specific genetic markers, which allowed us to identify the presence of a large proportion of potential hybrids and backcrosses at the study site. Our results supported the hypothesis that pre-mating isolation in willow warblers is weak, resulting in extensive hybridisation across the migratory divide. Hybrid zone (dpeaa)DE-He213 Prezygotic selection (dpeaa)DE-He213 Postzygotic selection (dpeaa)DE-He213 Reproductive isolation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Willow warbler (dpeaa)DE-He213 Phylloscopus trochilus (dpeaa)DE-He213 Nitrogen-15 (dpeaa)DE-He213 Larson, Keith W aut Lundberg, Max aut Gursoy, Arzu aut Wassenaar, Leonard I aut Hobson, Keith A aut Bensch, Staffan aut Åkesson, Susanne aut Enthalten in Frontiers in zoology London : BioMed Central, 2004 11(2014), 1 vom: 12. Juli (DE-627)461908166 (DE-600)2164409-3 1742-9994 nnns volume:11 year:2014 number:1 day:12 month:07 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12983-014-0052-2 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2014 1 12 07
allfieldsGer	10.1186/s12983-014-0052-2 doi (DE-627)SPR029212278 (SPR)s12983-014-0052-2-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Liedvogel, Miriam verfasserin aut No evidence for assortative mating within a willow warbler migratory divide 2014 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Liedvogel et al. 2014 Introduction In contact zones, genetic mixing of two taxa can be restricted by prezygotic (e.g. assortative mating) or postzygotic (lower fitness of hybrid offspring) barriers, or a combination of the two. A hybrid zone between two willow warbler subspecies (Phylloscopus trochilus trochilus, P. t. acredula) with distinctive migratory strategies occurs in central Sweden. These subspecies exhibit differences in migratory direction and distance, resulting in geographically distinct wintering areas in Africa. The subspecies may have diverged from a common refuge after the last ice age, and neutral genetic markers are homogeneous across their range. By contrast, several phenotypic traits and genetic markers of two chromosomal regions previously identified show steep clines across the divide. The evolutionary forces that maintain this migratory divide remain unknown. Here we use plumage colour, morphology, genetic markers and feather stable nitrogen-isotopes (δ15N) to assess if assortative mating between migratory phenotypes could be acting as a possible mechanism for keeping the two forms genetically separate and maintaining the migratory divide. We colour-ringed a willow warbler breeding population in the central part of the hybrid zone and observed the breeding population to assess phenotypic and genotypic traits of social pairs. Results Our data suggest that wintering area and genetic ancestry had an effect on male arrival time to the breeding grounds which could contribute to assortment. However, evidence for assortative mating could not be detected based on a comparison of plumage colour, morphology and δ15N between social mates. Conclusion This finding was strengthened by analyses of subspecies-specific genetic markers, which allowed us to identify the presence of a large proportion of potential hybrids and backcrosses at the study site. Our results supported the hypothesis that pre-mating isolation in willow warblers is weak, resulting in extensive hybridisation across the migratory divide. Hybrid zone (dpeaa)DE-He213 Prezygotic selection (dpeaa)DE-He213 Postzygotic selection (dpeaa)DE-He213 Reproductive isolation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Willow warbler (dpeaa)DE-He213 Phylloscopus trochilus (dpeaa)DE-He213 Nitrogen-15 (dpeaa)DE-He213 Larson, Keith W aut Lundberg, Max aut Gursoy, Arzu aut Wassenaar, Leonard I aut Hobson, Keith A aut Bensch, Staffan aut Åkesson, Susanne aut Enthalten in Frontiers in zoology London : BioMed Central, 2004 11(2014), 1 vom: 12. Juli (DE-627)461908166 (DE-600)2164409-3 1742-9994 nnns volume:11 year:2014 number:1 day:12 month:07 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12983-014-0052-2 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2014 1 12 07
allfieldsSound	10.1186/s12983-014-0052-2 doi (DE-627)SPR029212278 (SPR)s12983-014-0052-2-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Liedvogel, Miriam verfasserin aut No evidence for assortative mating within a willow warbler migratory divide 2014 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Liedvogel et al. 2014 Introduction In contact zones, genetic mixing of two taxa can be restricted by prezygotic (e.g. assortative mating) or postzygotic (lower fitness of hybrid offspring) barriers, or a combination of the two. A hybrid zone between two willow warbler subspecies (Phylloscopus trochilus trochilus, P. t. acredula) with distinctive migratory strategies occurs in central Sweden. These subspecies exhibit differences in migratory direction and distance, resulting in geographically distinct wintering areas in Africa. The subspecies may have diverged from a common refuge after the last ice age, and neutral genetic markers are homogeneous across their range. By contrast, several phenotypic traits and genetic markers of two chromosomal regions previously identified show steep clines across the divide. The evolutionary forces that maintain this migratory divide remain unknown. Here we use plumage colour, morphology, genetic markers and feather stable nitrogen-isotopes (δ15N) to assess if assortative mating between migratory phenotypes could be acting as a possible mechanism for keeping the two forms genetically separate and maintaining the migratory divide. We colour-ringed a willow warbler breeding population in the central part of the hybrid zone and observed the breeding population to assess phenotypic and genotypic traits of social pairs. Results Our data suggest that wintering area and genetic ancestry had an effect on male arrival time to the breeding grounds which could contribute to assortment. However, evidence for assortative mating could not be detected based on a comparison of plumage colour, morphology and δ15N between social mates. Conclusion This finding was strengthened by analyses of subspecies-specific genetic markers, which allowed us to identify the presence of a large proportion of potential hybrids and backcrosses at the study site. Our results supported the hypothesis that pre-mating isolation in willow warblers is weak, resulting in extensive hybridisation across the migratory divide. Hybrid zone (dpeaa)DE-He213 Prezygotic selection (dpeaa)DE-He213 Postzygotic selection (dpeaa)DE-He213 Reproductive isolation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Willow warbler (dpeaa)DE-He213 Phylloscopus trochilus (dpeaa)DE-He213 Nitrogen-15 (dpeaa)DE-He213 Larson, Keith W aut Lundberg, Max aut Gursoy, Arzu aut Wassenaar, Leonard I aut Hobson, Keith A aut Bensch, Staffan aut Åkesson, Susanne aut Enthalten in Frontiers in zoology London : BioMed Central, 2004 11(2014), 1 vom: 12. Juli (DE-627)461908166 (DE-600)2164409-3 1742-9994 nnns volume:11 year:2014 number:1 day:12 month:07 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12983-014-0052-2 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2014 1 12 07
language	English
source	Enthalten in Frontiers in zoology 11(2014), 1 vom: 12. Juli volume:11 year:2014 number:1 day:12 month:07
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topic_facet	Hybrid zone Prezygotic selection Postzygotic selection Reproductive isolation Willow warbler Phylloscopus trochilus Nitrogen-15
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container_title	Frontiers in zoology
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Liedvogel, Miriam @@aut@@ Larson, Keith W @@aut@@ Lundberg, Max @@aut@@ Gursoy, Arzu @@aut@@ Wassenaar, Leonard I @@aut@@ Hobson, Keith A @@aut@@ Bensch, Staffan @@aut@@ Åkesson, Susanne @@aut@@
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A hybrid zone between two willow warbler subspecies (Phylloscopus trochilus trochilus, P. t. acredula) with distinctive migratory strategies occurs in central Sweden. These subspecies exhibit differences in migratory direction and distance, resulting in geographically distinct wintering areas in Africa. The subspecies may have diverged from a common refuge after the last ice age, and neutral genetic markers are homogeneous across their range. By contrast, several phenotypic traits and genetic markers of two chromosomal regions previously identified show steep clines across the divide. The evolutionary forces that maintain this migratory divide remain unknown. Here we use plumage colour, morphology, genetic markers and feather stable nitrogen-isotopes (δ15N) to assess if assortative mating between migratory phenotypes could be acting as a possible mechanism for keeping the two forms genetically separate and maintaining the migratory divide. We colour-ringed a willow warbler breeding population in the central part of the hybrid zone and observed the breeding population to assess phenotypic and genotypic traits of social pairs. Results Our data suggest that wintering area and genetic ancestry had an effect on male arrival time to the breeding grounds which could contribute to assortment. However, evidence for assortative mating could not be detected based on a comparison of plumage colour, morphology and δ15N between social mates. Conclusion This finding was strengthened by analyses of subspecies-specific genetic markers, which allowed us to identify the presence of a large proportion of potential hybrids and backcrosses at the study site. 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spellingShingle	Liedvogel, Miriam misc Hybrid zone misc Prezygotic selection misc Postzygotic selection misc Reproductive isolation misc Willow warbler misc Phylloscopus trochilus misc Nitrogen-15 No evidence for assortative mating within a willow warbler migratory divide
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topic_title	No evidence for assortative mating within a willow warbler migratory divide Hybrid zone (dpeaa)DE-He213 Prezygotic selection (dpeaa)DE-He213 Postzygotic selection (dpeaa)DE-He213 Reproductive isolation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Willow warbler (dpeaa)DE-He213 Phylloscopus trochilus (dpeaa)DE-He213 Nitrogen-15 (dpeaa)DE-He213
topic	misc Hybrid zone misc Prezygotic selection misc Postzygotic selection misc Reproductive isolation misc Willow warbler misc Phylloscopus trochilus misc Nitrogen-15
topic_unstemmed	misc Hybrid zone misc Prezygotic selection misc Postzygotic selection misc Reproductive isolation misc Willow warbler misc Phylloscopus trochilus misc Nitrogen-15
topic_browse	misc Hybrid zone misc Prezygotic selection misc Postzygotic selection misc Reproductive isolation misc Willow warbler misc Phylloscopus trochilus misc Nitrogen-15
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title	No evidence for assortative mating within a willow warbler migratory divide
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title_full	No evidence for assortative mating within a willow warbler migratory divide
author_sort	Liedvogel, Miriam
journal	Frontiers in zoology
journalStr	Frontiers in zoology
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author_browse	Liedvogel, Miriam Larson, Keith W Lundberg, Max Gursoy, Arzu Wassenaar, Leonard I Hobson, Keith A Bensch, Staffan Åkesson, Susanne
container_volume	11
format_se	Elektronische Aufsätze
author-letter	Liedvogel, Miriam
doi_str_mv	10.1186/s12983-014-0052-2
title_sort	no evidence for assortative mating within a willow warbler migratory divide
title_auth	No evidence for assortative mating within a willow warbler migratory divide
abstract	Introduction In contact zones, genetic mixing of two taxa can be restricted by prezygotic (e.g. assortative mating) or postzygotic (lower fitness of hybrid offspring) barriers, or a combination of the two. A hybrid zone between two willow warbler subspecies (Phylloscopus trochilus trochilus, P. t. acredula) with distinctive migratory strategies occurs in central Sweden. These subspecies exhibit differences in migratory direction and distance, resulting in geographically distinct wintering areas in Africa. The subspecies may have diverged from a common refuge after the last ice age, and neutral genetic markers are homogeneous across their range. By contrast, several phenotypic traits and genetic markers of two chromosomal regions previously identified show steep clines across the divide. The evolutionary forces that maintain this migratory divide remain unknown. Here we use plumage colour, morphology, genetic markers and feather stable nitrogen-isotopes (δ15N) to assess if assortative mating between migratory phenotypes could be acting as a possible mechanism for keeping the two forms genetically separate and maintaining the migratory divide. We colour-ringed a willow warbler breeding population in the central part of the hybrid zone and observed the breeding population to assess phenotypic and genotypic traits of social pairs. Results Our data suggest that wintering area and genetic ancestry had an effect on male arrival time to the breeding grounds which could contribute to assortment. However, evidence for assortative mating could not be detected based on a comparison of plumage colour, morphology and δ15N between social mates. Conclusion This finding was strengthened by analyses of subspecies-specific genetic markers, which allowed us to identify the presence of a large proportion of potential hybrids and backcrosses at the study site. Our results supported the hypothesis that pre-mating isolation in willow warblers is weak, resulting in extensive hybridisation across the migratory divide. © Liedvogel et al. 2014
abstractGer	Introduction In contact zones, genetic mixing of two taxa can be restricted by prezygotic (e.g. assortative mating) or postzygotic (lower fitness of hybrid offspring) barriers, or a combination of the two. A hybrid zone between two willow warbler subspecies (Phylloscopus trochilus trochilus, P. t. acredula) with distinctive migratory strategies occurs in central Sweden. These subspecies exhibit differences in migratory direction and distance, resulting in geographically distinct wintering areas in Africa. The subspecies may have diverged from a common refuge after the last ice age, and neutral genetic markers are homogeneous across their range. By contrast, several phenotypic traits and genetic markers of two chromosomal regions previously identified show steep clines across the divide. The evolutionary forces that maintain this migratory divide remain unknown. Here we use plumage colour, morphology, genetic markers and feather stable nitrogen-isotopes (δ15N) to assess if assortative mating between migratory phenotypes could be acting as a possible mechanism for keeping the two forms genetically separate and maintaining the migratory divide. We colour-ringed a willow warbler breeding population in the central part of the hybrid zone and observed the breeding population to assess phenotypic and genotypic traits of social pairs. Results Our data suggest that wintering area and genetic ancestry had an effect on male arrival time to the breeding grounds which could contribute to assortment. However, evidence for assortative mating could not be detected based on a comparison of plumage colour, morphology and δ15N between social mates. Conclusion This finding was strengthened by analyses of subspecies-specific genetic markers, which allowed us to identify the presence of a large proportion of potential hybrids and backcrosses at the study site. Our results supported the hypothesis that pre-mating isolation in willow warblers is weak, resulting in extensive hybridisation across the migratory divide. © Liedvogel et al. 2014
abstract_unstemmed	Introduction In contact zones, genetic mixing of two taxa can be restricted by prezygotic (e.g. assortative mating) or postzygotic (lower fitness of hybrid offspring) barriers, or a combination of the two. A hybrid zone between two willow warbler subspecies (Phylloscopus trochilus trochilus, P. t. acredula) with distinctive migratory strategies occurs in central Sweden. These subspecies exhibit differences in migratory direction and distance, resulting in geographically distinct wintering areas in Africa. The subspecies may have diverged from a common refuge after the last ice age, and neutral genetic markers are homogeneous across their range. By contrast, several phenotypic traits and genetic markers of two chromosomal regions previously identified show steep clines across the divide. The evolutionary forces that maintain this migratory divide remain unknown. Here we use plumage colour, morphology, genetic markers and feather stable nitrogen-isotopes (δ15N) to assess if assortative mating between migratory phenotypes could be acting as a possible mechanism for keeping the two forms genetically separate and maintaining the migratory divide. We colour-ringed a willow warbler breeding population in the central part of the hybrid zone and observed the breeding population to assess phenotypic and genotypic traits of social pairs. Results Our data suggest that wintering area and genetic ancestry had an effect on male arrival time to the breeding grounds which could contribute to assortment. However, evidence for assortative mating could not be detected based on a comparison of plumage colour, morphology and δ15N between social mates. Conclusion This finding was strengthened by analyses of subspecies-specific genetic markers, which allowed us to identify the presence of a large proportion of potential hybrids and backcrosses at the study site. Our results supported the hypothesis that pre-mating isolation in willow warblers is weak, resulting in extensive hybridisation across the migratory divide. © Liedvogel et al. 2014
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title_short	No evidence for assortative mating within a willow warbler migratory divide
url	https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12983-014-0052-2
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author2	Larson, Keith W Lundberg, Max Gursoy, Arzu Wassenaar, Leonard I Hobson, Keith A Bensch, Staffan Åkesson, Susanne
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