Effects of exercise on brain activity during walking in older adults: a randomized controlled trial

Background Physical activity may preserve neuronal plasticity, increase synapse formation, and cause the release of hormonal factors that promote neurogenesis and neuronal function. Previous studies have reported enhanced neurocognitive function following exercise training. However, the specific cortical regions activated during exercise training remain largely undefined. In this study, we quantitatively and objectively evaluated the effects of exercise on brain activity during walking in healthy older adults. Methods A total of 24 elderly women (75–83 years old) were randomly allocated to either an intervention group or a control group. Those in the intervention group attended 3 months of biweekly 90-min sessions focused on aerobic exercise, strength training, and physical therapy. We monitored changes in regional cerebral glucose metabolism during walking in both groups using positron emission tomography (PET) and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). Results All subjects completed the 3-month experiment and the adherence to the exercise program was 100%. Compared with the control group, the intervention group showed a significantly greater step length in the right foot after 3 months of physical activity. The FDG-PET assessment revealed a significant post-intervention increase in regional glucose metabolism in the left posterior entorhinal cortex, left superior temporal gyrus, and right superior temporopolar area in the intervention group. Interestingly, the control group showed a relative increase in regional glucose metabolism in the left premotor and supplemental motor areas, left and right somatosensory association cortex, and right primary visual cortex after the 3-month period. We found no significant differences in FDG uptake between the intervention and control groups before vs. after the intervention. Conclusion Exercise training increased activity in specific brain regions, such as the precuneus and entorhinal cortices, which play an important role in episodic and spatial memory. Further investigation is required to confirm whether alterations in glucose metabolism within these regions during walking directly promote physical and cognitive performance. Trial registration UMIN-CTR (UMIN000021829). Retrospectively registered 10 April 2016. Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Shimada, Hiroyuki [verfasserIn] Ishii, Kenji Makizako, Hyuma Ishiwata, Kiichi Oda, Keiichi Suzukawa, Megumi

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2017

Schlagwörter:	Regional brain activation Brain function Elderly FDG-pet Walking

Anmerkung:	© The Author(s). 2017

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Journal of neuroEngineering and rehabilitation - London : BioMed Central, 2004, 14(2017), 1 vom: 30. Mai
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:14 ; year:2017 ; number:1 ; day:30 ; month:05

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1186/s12984-017-0263-9

Katalog-ID:	SPR029226694

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allfields	10.1186/s12984-017-0263-9 doi (DE-627)SPR029226694 (SPR)s12984-017-0263-9-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Shimada, Hiroyuki verfasserin (orcid)0000-0001-8111-6440 aut Effects of exercise on brain activity during walking in older adults: a randomized controlled trial 2017 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s). 2017 Background Physical activity may preserve neuronal plasticity, increase synapse formation, and cause the release of hormonal factors that promote neurogenesis and neuronal function. Previous studies have reported enhanced neurocognitive function following exercise training. However, the specific cortical regions activated during exercise training remain largely undefined. In this study, we quantitatively and objectively evaluated the effects of exercise on brain activity during walking in healthy older adults. Methods A total of 24 elderly women (75–83 years old) were randomly allocated to either an intervention group or a control group. Those in the intervention group attended 3 months of biweekly 90-min sessions focused on aerobic exercise, strength training, and physical therapy. We monitored changes in regional cerebral glucose metabolism during walking in both groups using positron emission tomography (PET) and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). Results All subjects completed the 3-month experiment and the adherence to the exercise program was 100%. Compared with the control group, the intervention group showed a significantly greater step length in the right foot after 3 months of physical activity. The FDG-PET assessment revealed a significant post-intervention increase in regional glucose metabolism in the left posterior entorhinal cortex, left superior temporal gyrus, and right superior temporopolar area in the intervention group. Interestingly, the control group showed a relative increase in regional glucose metabolism in the left premotor and supplemental motor areas, left and right somatosensory association cortex, and right primary visual cortex after the 3-month period. We found no significant differences in FDG uptake between the intervention and control groups before vs. after the intervention. Conclusion Exercise training increased activity in specific brain regions, such as the precuneus and entorhinal cortices, which play an important role in episodic and spatial memory. Further investigation is required to confirm whether alterations in glucose metabolism within these regions during walking directly promote physical and cognitive performance. Trial registration UMIN-CTR (UMIN000021829). Retrospectively registered 10 April 2016. Regional brain activation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Brain function (dpeaa)DE-He213 Elderly (dpeaa)DE-He213 FDG-pet (dpeaa)DE-He213 Walking (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ishii, Kenji aut Makizako, Hyuma aut Ishiwata, Kiichi aut Oda, Keiichi aut Suzukawa, Megumi aut Enthalten in Journal of neuroEngineering and rehabilitation London : BioMed Central, 2004 14(2017), 1 vom: 30. Mai (DE-627)461907933 (DE-600)2164377-5 1743-0003 nnns volume:14 year:2017 number:1 day:30 month:05 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12984-017-0263-9 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2017 1 30 05
spelling	10.1186/s12984-017-0263-9 doi (DE-627)SPR029226694 (SPR)s12984-017-0263-9-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Shimada, Hiroyuki verfasserin (orcid)0000-0001-8111-6440 aut Effects of exercise on brain activity during walking in older adults: a randomized controlled trial 2017 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s). 2017 Background Physical activity may preserve neuronal plasticity, increase synapse formation, and cause the release of hormonal factors that promote neurogenesis and neuronal function. Previous studies have reported enhanced neurocognitive function following exercise training. However, the specific cortical regions activated during exercise training remain largely undefined. In this study, we quantitatively and objectively evaluated the effects of exercise on brain activity during walking in healthy older adults. Methods A total of 24 elderly women (75–83 years old) were randomly allocated to either an intervention group or a control group. Those in the intervention group attended 3 months of biweekly 90-min sessions focused on aerobic exercise, strength training, and physical therapy. We monitored changes in regional cerebral glucose metabolism during walking in both groups using positron emission tomography (PET) and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). Results All subjects completed the 3-month experiment and the adherence to the exercise program was 100%. Compared with the control group, the intervention group showed a significantly greater step length in the right foot after 3 months of physical activity. The FDG-PET assessment revealed a significant post-intervention increase in regional glucose metabolism in the left posterior entorhinal cortex, left superior temporal gyrus, and right superior temporopolar area in the intervention group. Interestingly, the control group showed a relative increase in regional glucose metabolism in the left premotor and supplemental motor areas, left and right somatosensory association cortex, and right primary visual cortex after the 3-month period. We found no significant differences in FDG uptake between the intervention and control groups before vs. after the intervention. Conclusion Exercise training increased activity in specific brain regions, such as the precuneus and entorhinal cortices, which play an important role in episodic and spatial memory. Further investigation is required to confirm whether alterations in glucose metabolism within these regions during walking directly promote physical and cognitive performance. Trial registration UMIN-CTR (UMIN000021829). Retrospectively registered 10 April 2016. Regional brain activation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Brain function (dpeaa)DE-He213 Elderly (dpeaa)DE-He213 FDG-pet (dpeaa)DE-He213 Walking (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ishii, Kenji aut Makizako, Hyuma aut Ishiwata, Kiichi aut Oda, Keiichi aut Suzukawa, Megumi aut Enthalten in Journal of neuroEngineering and rehabilitation London : BioMed Central, 2004 14(2017), 1 vom: 30. Mai (DE-627)461907933 (DE-600)2164377-5 1743-0003 nnns volume:14 year:2017 number:1 day:30 month:05 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12984-017-0263-9 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2017 1 30 05
allfields_unstemmed	10.1186/s12984-017-0263-9 doi (DE-627)SPR029226694 (SPR)s12984-017-0263-9-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Shimada, Hiroyuki verfasserin (orcid)0000-0001-8111-6440 aut Effects of exercise on brain activity during walking in older adults: a randomized controlled trial 2017 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s). 2017 Background Physical activity may preserve neuronal plasticity, increase synapse formation, and cause the release of hormonal factors that promote neurogenesis and neuronal function. Previous studies have reported enhanced neurocognitive function following exercise training. However, the specific cortical regions activated during exercise training remain largely undefined. In this study, we quantitatively and objectively evaluated the effects of exercise on brain activity during walking in healthy older adults. Methods A total of 24 elderly women (75–83 years old) were randomly allocated to either an intervention group or a control group. Those in the intervention group attended 3 months of biweekly 90-min sessions focused on aerobic exercise, strength training, and physical therapy. We monitored changes in regional cerebral glucose metabolism during walking in both groups using positron emission tomography (PET) and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). Results All subjects completed the 3-month experiment and the adherence to the exercise program was 100%. Compared with the control group, the intervention group showed a significantly greater step length in the right foot after 3 months of physical activity. The FDG-PET assessment revealed a significant post-intervention increase in regional glucose metabolism in the left posterior entorhinal cortex, left superior temporal gyrus, and right superior temporopolar area in the intervention group. Interestingly, the control group showed a relative increase in regional glucose metabolism in the left premotor and supplemental motor areas, left and right somatosensory association cortex, and right primary visual cortex after the 3-month period. We found no significant differences in FDG uptake between the intervention and control groups before vs. after the intervention. Conclusion Exercise training increased activity in specific brain regions, such as the precuneus and entorhinal cortices, which play an important role in episodic and spatial memory. Further investigation is required to confirm whether alterations in glucose metabolism within these regions during walking directly promote physical and cognitive performance. Trial registration UMIN-CTR (UMIN000021829). Retrospectively registered 10 April 2016. Regional brain activation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Brain function (dpeaa)DE-He213 Elderly (dpeaa)DE-He213 FDG-pet (dpeaa)DE-He213 Walking (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ishii, Kenji aut Makizako, Hyuma aut Ishiwata, Kiichi aut Oda, Keiichi aut Suzukawa, Megumi aut Enthalten in Journal of neuroEngineering and rehabilitation London : BioMed Central, 2004 14(2017), 1 vom: 30. Mai (DE-627)461907933 (DE-600)2164377-5 1743-0003 nnns volume:14 year:2017 number:1 day:30 month:05 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12984-017-0263-9 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2017 1 30 05
allfieldsGer	10.1186/s12984-017-0263-9 doi (DE-627)SPR029226694 (SPR)s12984-017-0263-9-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Shimada, Hiroyuki verfasserin (orcid)0000-0001-8111-6440 aut Effects of exercise on brain activity during walking in older adults: a randomized controlled trial 2017 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s). 2017 Background Physical activity may preserve neuronal plasticity, increase synapse formation, and cause the release of hormonal factors that promote neurogenesis and neuronal function. Previous studies have reported enhanced neurocognitive function following exercise training. However, the specific cortical regions activated during exercise training remain largely undefined. In this study, we quantitatively and objectively evaluated the effects of exercise on brain activity during walking in healthy older adults. Methods A total of 24 elderly women (75–83 years old) were randomly allocated to either an intervention group or a control group. Those in the intervention group attended 3 months of biweekly 90-min sessions focused on aerobic exercise, strength training, and physical therapy. We monitored changes in regional cerebral glucose metabolism during walking in both groups using positron emission tomography (PET) and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). Results All subjects completed the 3-month experiment and the adherence to the exercise program was 100%. Compared with the control group, the intervention group showed a significantly greater step length in the right foot after 3 months of physical activity. The FDG-PET assessment revealed a significant post-intervention increase in regional glucose metabolism in the left posterior entorhinal cortex, left superior temporal gyrus, and right superior temporopolar area in the intervention group. Interestingly, the control group showed a relative increase in regional glucose metabolism in the left premotor and supplemental motor areas, left and right somatosensory association cortex, and right primary visual cortex after the 3-month period. We found no significant differences in FDG uptake between the intervention and control groups before vs. after the intervention. Conclusion Exercise training increased activity in specific brain regions, such as the precuneus and entorhinal cortices, which play an important role in episodic and spatial memory. Further investigation is required to confirm whether alterations in glucose metabolism within these regions during walking directly promote physical and cognitive performance. Trial registration UMIN-CTR (UMIN000021829). Retrospectively registered 10 April 2016. Regional brain activation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Brain function (dpeaa)DE-He213 Elderly (dpeaa)DE-He213 FDG-pet (dpeaa)DE-He213 Walking (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ishii, Kenji aut Makizako, Hyuma aut Ishiwata, Kiichi aut Oda, Keiichi aut Suzukawa, Megumi aut Enthalten in Journal of neuroEngineering and rehabilitation London : BioMed Central, 2004 14(2017), 1 vom: 30. Mai (DE-627)461907933 (DE-600)2164377-5 1743-0003 nnns volume:14 year:2017 number:1 day:30 month:05 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12984-017-0263-9 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2017 1 30 05
allfieldsSound	10.1186/s12984-017-0263-9 doi (DE-627)SPR029226694 (SPR)s12984-017-0263-9-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Shimada, Hiroyuki verfasserin (orcid)0000-0001-8111-6440 aut Effects of exercise on brain activity during walking in older adults: a randomized controlled trial 2017 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s). 2017 Background Physical activity may preserve neuronal plasticity, increase synapse formation, and cause the release of hormonal factors that promote neurogenesis and neuronal function. Previous studies have reported enhanced neurocognitive function following exercise training. However, the specific cortical regions activated during exercise training remain largely undefined. In this study, we quantitatively and objectively evaluated the effects of exercise on brain activity during walking in healthy older adults. Methods A total of 24 elderly women (75–83 years old) were randomly allocated to either an intervention group or a control group. Those in the intervention group attended 3 months of biweekly 90-min sessions focused on aerobic exercise, strength training, and physical therapy. We monitored changes in regional cerebral glucose metabolism during walking in both groups using positron emission tomography (PET) and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). Results All subjects completed the 3-month experiment and the adherence to the exercise program was 100%. Compared with the control group, the intervention group showed a significantly greater step length in the right foot after 3 months of physical activity. The FDG-PET assessment revealed a significant post-intervention increase in regional glucose metabolism in the left posterior entorhinal cortex, left superior temporal gyrus, and right superior temporopolar area in the intervention group. Interestingly, the control group showed a relative increase in regional glucose metabolism in the left premotor and supplemental motor areas, left and right somatosensory association cortex, and right primary visual cortex after the 3-month period. We found no significant differences in FDG uptake between the intervention and control groups before vs. after the intervention. Conclusion Exercise training increased activity in specific brain regions, such as the precuneus and entorhinal cortices, which play an important role in episodic and spatial memory. Further investigation is required to confirm whether alterations in glucose metabolism within these regions during walking directly promote physical and cognitive performance. Trial registration UMIN-CTR (UMIN000021829). Retrospectively registered 10 April 2016. Regional brain activation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Brain function (dpeaa)DE-He213 Elderly (dpeaa)DE-He213 FDG-pet (dpeaa)DE-He213 Walking (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ishii, Kenji aut Makizako, Hyuma aut Ishiwata, Kiichi aut Oda, Keiichi aut Suzukawa, Megumi aut Enthalten in Journal of neuroEngineering and rehabilitation London : BioMed Central, 2004 14(2017), 1 vom: 30. Mai (DE-627)461907933 (DE-600)2164377-5 1743-0003 nnns volume:14 year:2017 number:1 day:30 month:05 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12984-017-0263-9 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2017 1 30 05
language	English
source	Enthalten in Journal of neuroEngineering and rehabilitation 14(2017), 1 vom: 30. Mai volume:14 year:2017 number:1 day:30 month:05
sourceStr	Enthalten in Journal of neuroEngineering and rehabilitation 14(2017), 1 vom: 30. Mai volume:14 year:2017 number:1 day:30 month:05
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topic_facet	Regional brain activation Brain function Elderly FDG-pet Walking
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publishDateDaySort_date	2017-05-30T00:00:00Z
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author	Shimada, Hiroyuki
spellingShingle	Shimada, Hiroyuki misc Regional brain activation misc Brain function misc Elderly misc FDG-pet misc Walking Effects of exercise on brain activity during walking in older adults: a randomized controlled trial
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topic_title	Effects of exercise on brain activity during walking in older adults: a randomized controlled trial Regional brain activation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Brain function (dpeaa)DE-He213 Elderly (dpeaa)DE-He213 FDG-pet (dpeaa)DE-He213 Walking (dpeaa)DE-He213
topic	misc Regional brain activation misc Brain function misc Elderly misc FDG-pet misc Walking
topic_unstemmed	misc Regional brain activation misc Brain function misc Elderly misc FDG-pet misc Walking
topic_browse	misc Regional brain activation misc Brain function misc Elderly misc FDG-pet misc Walking
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title	Effects of exercise on brain activity during walking in older adults: a randomized controlled trial
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title_full	Effects of exercise on brain activity during walking in older adults: a randomized controlled trial
author_sort	Shimada, Hiroyuki
journal	Journal of neuroEngineering and rehabilitation
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author_browse	Shimada, Hiroyuki Ishii, Kenji Makizako, Hyuma Ishiwata, Kiichi Oda, Keiichi Suzukawa, Megumi
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author-letter	Shimada, Hiroyuki
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title_sort	effects of exercise on brain activity during walking in older adults: a randomized controlled trial
title_auth	Effects of exercise on brain activity during walking in older adults: a randomized controlled trial
abstract	Background Physical activity may preserve neuronal plasticity, increase synapse formation, and cause the release of hormonal factors that promote neurogenesis and neuronal function. Previous studies have reported enhanced neurocognitive function following exercise training. However, the specific cortical regions activated during exercise training remain largely undefined. In this study, we quantitatively and objectively evaluated the effects of exercise on brain activity during walking in healthy older adults. Methods A total of 24 elderly women (75–83 years old) were randomly allocated to either an intervention group or a control group. Those in the intervention group attended 3 months of biweekly 90-min sessions focused on aerobic exercise, strength training, and physical therapy. We monitored changes in regional cerebral glucose metabolism during walking in both groups using positron emission tomography (PET) and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). Results All subjects completed the 3-month experiment and the adherence to the exercise program was 100%. Compared with the control group, the intervention group showed a significantly greater step length in the right foot after 3 months of physical activity. The FDG-PET assessment revealed a significant post-intervention increase in regional glucose metabolism in the left posterior entorhinal cortex, left superior temporal gyrus, and right superior temporopolar area in the intervention group. Interestingly, the control group showed a relative increase in regional glucose metabolism in the left premotor and supplemental motor areas, left and right somatosensory association cortex, and right primary visual cortex after the 3-month period. We found no significant differences in FDG uptake between the intervention and control groups before vs. after the intervention. Conclusion Exercise training increased activity in specific brain regions, such as the precuneus and entorhinal cortices, which play an important role in episodic and spatial memory. Further investigation is required to confirm whether alterations in glucose metabolism within these regions during walking directly promote physical and cognitive performance. Trial registration UMIN-CTR (UMIN000021829). Retrospectively registered 10 April 2016. © The Author(s). 2017
abstractGer	Background Physical activity may preserve neuronal plasticity, increase synapse formation, and cause the release of hormonal factors that promote neurogenesis and neuronal function. Previous studies have reported enhanced neurocognitive function following exercise training. However, the specific cortical regions activated during exercise training remain largely undefined. In this study, we quantitatively and objectively evaluated the effects of exercise on brain activity during walking in healthy older adults. Methods A total of 24 elderly women (75–83 years old) were randomly allocated to either an intervention group or a control group. Those in the intervention group attended 3 months of biweekly 90-min sessions focused on aerobic exercise, strength training, and physical therapy. We monitored changes in regional cerebral glucose metabolism during walking in both groups using positron emission tomography (PET) and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). Results All subjects completed the 3-month experiment and the adherence to the exercise program was 100%. Compared with the control group, the intervention group showed a significantly greater step length in the right foot after 3 months of physical activity. The FDG-PET assessment revealed a significant post-intervention increase in regional glucose metabolism in the left posterior entorhinal cortex, left superior temporal gyrus, and right superior temporopolar area in the intervention group. Interestingly, the control group showed a relative increase in regional glucose metabolism in the left premotor and supplemental motor areas, left and right somatosensory association cortex, and right primary visual cortex after the 3-month period. We found no significant differences in FDG uptake between the intervention and control groups before vs. after the intervention. Conclusion Exercise training increased activity in specific brain regions, such as the precuneus and entorhinal cortices, which play an important role in episodic and spatial memory. Further investigation is required to confirm whether alterations in glucose metabolism within these regions during walking directly promote physical and cognitive performance. Trial registration UMIN-CTR (UMIN000021829). Retrospectively registered 10 April 2016. © The Author(s). 2017
abstract_unstemmed	Background Physical activity may preserve neuronal plasticity, increase synapse formation, and cause the release of hormonal factors that promote neurogenesis and neuronal function. Previous studies have reported enhanced neurocognitive function following exercise training. However, the specific cortical regions activated during exercise training remain largely undefined. In this study, we quantitatively and objectively evaluated the effects of exercise on brain activity during walking in healthy older adults. Methods A total of 24 elderly women (75–83 years old) were randomly allocated to either an intervention group or a control group. Those in the intervention group attended 3 months of biweekly 90-min sessions focused on aerobic exercise, strength training, and physical therapy. We monitored changes in regional cerebral glucose metabolism during walking in both groups using positron emission tomography (PET) and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). Results All subjects completed the 3-month experiment and the adherence to the exercise program was 100%. Compared with the control group, the intervention group showed a significantly greater step length in the right foot after 3 months of physical activity. The FDG-PET assessment revealed a significant post-intervention increase in regional glucose metabolism in the left posterior entorhinal cortex, left superior temporal gyrus, and right superior temporopolar area in the intervention group. Interestingly, the control group showed a relative increase in regional glucose metabolism in the left premotor and supplemental motor areas, left and right somatosensory association cortex, and right primary visual cortex after the 3-month period. We found no significant differences in FDG uptake between the intervention and control groups before vs. after the intervention. Conclusion Exercise training increased activity in specific brain regions, such as the precuneus and entorhinal cortices, which play an important role in episodic and spatial memory. Further investigation is required to confirm whether alterations in glucose metabolism within these regions during walking directly promote physical and cognitive performance. Trial registration UMIN-CTR (UMIN000021829). Retrospectively registered 10 April 2016. © The Author(s). 2017
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title_short	Effects of exercise on brain activity during walking in older adults: a randomized controlled trial
url	https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12984-017-0263-9
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author2	Ishii, Kenji Makizako, Hyuma Ishiwata, Kiichi Oda, Keiichi Suzukawa, Megumi
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Effects of exercise on brain activity during walking in older adults: a randomized controlled trial

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