A rapid appraisal of access to and utilisation of psychotropic medicines in Bihar, India

Background A major aspect of providing mental healthcare is access to and use of psychotropic medications. Bihar is a state in northeast India with limited mental healthcare provision; consequently access to and utilisation of psychotropic medications are likely to be limited. However, to date there...
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Autor*in:	Padmanathan, Prianka [verfasserIn] Singh, Manoj Mannarath, Saju C Omar, Mayeh Raja, Shoba

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2014

Schlagwörter:	Psychotropic medicines Resource-limited settings India Access Utilisation Low- and middle-income countries LMICS Low-income settings

Anmerkung:	© Padmanathan et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: International journal of mental health systems - London : Biomed Central, 2007, 8(2014), 1 vom: 11. Juli
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:8 ; year:2014 ; number:1 ; day:11 ; month:07

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1186/1752-4458-8-29

Katalog-ID:	SPR029555264

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520			\|a Background A major aspect of providing mental healthcare is access to and use of psychotropic medications. Bihar is a state in northeast India with limited mental healthcare provision; consequently access to and utilisation of psychotropic medications are likely to be limited. However, to date there has been no research assessing the situation. This study therefore aims to analyse the psychotropic medications management cycle (selection, procurement, distribution and use), and identify the barriers to access and utilisation, and their underlying causes. Method A rapid appraisal method was used in which primary and secondary data sources were collected and analysed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twenty-two stakeholders and twenty-one service users from the government, non-governmental organisation (NGO) and private sectors. The qualitative data collected was analysed using a comparative thematic approach. The research was supported by the NGOs BasicNeeds and Nav Bharat Jagriti Kendra. Results Availability, distance and cost were the main barriers to access and utilisation. At the medical college hospital level a lack of supply appears to be due to a discrepancy between orders made by the hospital and medications supplied by the manufacturers. At the primary health centre and district hospital level the main barrier is a cycle between lack of demand for treatments for mental illness by doctors and patients. Conclusion Further investigation and monitoring is necessary to ensure the availability of psychotropic medications at the medical college hospital level. In addition, implementation of the District Mental Health Programme is likely to address the access and utilisation barriers due to its potential to break the current cycle of lack of demand.
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allfields	10.1186/1752-4458-8-29 doi (DE-627)SPR029555264 (SPR)1752-4458-8-29-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Padmanathan, Prianka verfasserin aut A rapid appraisal of access to and utilisation of psychotropic medicines in Bihar, India 2014 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Padmanathan et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014 Background A major aspect of providing mental healthcare is access to and use of psychotropic medications. Bihar is a state in northeast India with limited mental healthcare provision; consequently access to and utilisation of psychotropic medications are likely to be limited. However, to date there has been no research assessing the situation. This study therefore aims to analyse the psychotropic medications management cycle (selection, procurement, distribution and use), and identify the barriers to access and utilisation, and their underlying causes. Method A rapid appraisal method was used in which primary and secondary data sources were collected and analysed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twenty-two stakeholders and twenty-one service users from the government, non-governmental organisation (NGO) and private sectors. The qualitative data collected was analysed using a comparative thematic approach. The research was supported by the NGOs BasicNeeds and Nav Bharat Jagriti Kendra. Results Availability, distance and cost were the main barriers to access and utilisation. At the medical college hospital level a lack of supply appears to be due to a discrepancy between orders made by the hospital and medications supplied by the manufacturers. At the primary health centre and district hospital level the main barrier is a cycle between lack of demand for treatments for mental illness by doctors and patients. Conclusion Further investigation and monitoring is necessary to ensure the availability of psychotropic medications at the medical college hospital level. In addition, implementation of the District Mental Health Programme is likely to address the access and utilisation barriers due to its potential to break the current cycle of lack of demand. Psychotropic medicines (dpeaa)DE-He213 Resource-limited settings (dpeaa)DE-He213 India (dpeaa)DE-He213 Access (dpeaa)DE-He213 Utilisation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Low- and middle-income countries (dpeaa)DE-He213 LMICS (dpeaa)DE-He213 Low-income settings (dpeaa)DE-He213 Singh, Manoj aut Mannarath, Saju C aut Omar, Mayeh aut Raja, Shoba aut Enthalten in International journal of mental health systems London : Biomed Central, 2007 8(2014), 1 vom: 11. Juli (DE-627)539548472 (DE-600)2382266-1 1752-4458 nnns volume:8 year:2014 number:1 day:11 month:07 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1752-4458-8-29 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 8 2014 1 11 07
spelling	10.1186/1752-4458-8-29 doi (DE-627)SPR029555264 (SPR)1752-4458-8-29-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Padmanathan, Prianka verfasserin aut A rapid appraisal of access to and utilisation of psychotropic medicines in Bihar, India 2014 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Padmanathan et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014 Background A major aspect of providing mental healthcare is access to and use of psychotropic medications. Bihar is a state in northeast India with limited mental healthcare provision; consequently access to and utilisation of psychotropic medications are likely to be limited. However, to date there has been no research assessing the situation. This study therefore aims to analyse the psychotropic medications management cycle (selection, procurement, distribution and use), and identify the barriers to access and utilisation, and their underlying causes. Method A rapid appraisal method was used in which primary and secondary data sources were collected and analysed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twenty-two stakeholders and twenty-one service users from the government, non-governmental organisation (NGO) and private sectors. The qualitative data collected was analysed using a comparative thematic approach. The research was supported by the NGOs BasicNeeds and Nav Bharat Jagriti Kendra. Results Availability, distance and cost were the main barriers to access and utilisation. At the medical college hospital level a lack of supply appears to be due to a discrepancy between orders made by the hospital and medications supplied by the manufacturers. At the primary health centre and district hospital level the main barrier is a cycle between lack of demand for treatments for mental illness by doctors and patients. Conclusion Further investigation and monitoring is necessary to ensure the availability of psychotropic medications at the medical college hospital level. In addition, implementation of the District Mental Health Programme is likely to address the access and utilisation barriers due to its potential to break the current cycle of lack of demand. Psychotropic medicines (dpeaa)DE-He213 Resource-limited settings (dpeaa)DE-He213 India (dpeaa)DE-He213 Access (dpeaa)DE-He213 Utilisation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Low- and middle-income countries (dpeaa)DE-He213 LMICS (dpeaa)DE-He213 Low-income settings (dpeaa)DE-He213 Singh, Manoj aut Mannarath, Saju C aut Omar, Mayeh aut Raja, Shoba aut Enthalten in International journal of mental health systems London : Biomed Central, 2007 8(2014), 1 vom: 11. Juli (DE-627)539548472 (DE-600)2382266-1 1752-4458 nnns volume:8 year:2014 number:1 day:11 month:07 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1752-4458-8-29 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 8 2014 1 11 07
allfields_unstemmed	10.1186/1752-4458-8-29 doi (DE-627)SPR029555264 (SPR)1752-4458-8-29-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Padmanathan, Prianka verfasserin aut A rapid appraisal of access to and utilisation of psychotropic medicines in Bihar, India 2014 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Padmanathan et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014 Background A major aspect of providing mental healthcare is access to and use of psychotropic medications. Bihar is a state in northeast India with limited mental healthcare provision; consequently access to and utilisation of psychotropic medications are likely to be limited. However, to date there has been no research assessing the situation. This study therefore aims to analyse the psychotropic medications management cycle (selection, procurement, distribution and use), and identify the barriers to access and utilisation, and their underlying causes. Method A rapid appraisal method was used in which primary and secondary data sources were collected and analysed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twenty-two stakeholders and twenty-one service users from the government, non-governmental organisation (NGO) and private sectors. The qualitative data collected was analysed using a comparative thematic approach. The research was supported by the NGOs BasicNeeds and Nav Bharat Jagriti Kendra. Results Availability, distance and cost were the main barriers to access and utilisation. At the medical college hospital level a lack of supply appears to be due to a discrepancy between orders made by the hospital and medications supplied by the manufacturers. At the primary health centre and district hospital level the main barrier is a cycle between lack of demand for treatments for mental illness by doctors and patients. Conclusion Further investigation and monitoring is necessary to ensure the availability of psychotropic medications at the medical college hospital level. In addition, implementation of the District Mental Health Programme is likely to address the access and utilisation barriers due to its potential to break the current cycle of lack of demand. Psychotropic medicines (dpeaa)DE-He213 Resource-limited settings (dpeaa)DE-He213 India (dpeaa)DE-He213 Access (dpeaa)DE-He213 Utilisation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Low- and middle-income countries (dpeaa)DE-He213 LMICS (dpeaa)DE-He213 Low-income settings (dpeaa)DE-He213 Singh, Manoj aut Mannarath, Saju C aut Omar, Mayeh aut Raja, Shoba aut Enthalten in International journal of mental health systems London : Biomed Central, 2007 8(2014), 1 vom: 11. Juli (DE-627)539548472 (DE-600)2382266-1 1752-4458 nnns volume:8 year:2014 number:1 day:11 month:07 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1752-4458-8-29 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 8 2014 1 11 07
allfieldsGer	10.1186/1752-4458-8-29 doi (DE-627)SPR029555264 (SPR)1752-4458-8-29-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Padmanathan, Prianka verfasserin aut A rapid appraisal of access to and utilisation of psychotropic medicines in Bihar, India 2014 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Padmanathan et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014 Background A major aspect of providing mental healthcare is access to and use of psychotropic medications. Bihar is a state in northeast India with limited mental healthcare provision; consequently access to and utilisation of psychotropic medications are likely to be limited. However, to date there has been no research assessing the situation. This study therefore aims to analyse the psychotropic medications management cycle (selection, procurement, distribution and use), and identify the barriers to access and utilisation, and their underlying causes. Method A rapid appraisal method was used in which primary and secondary data sources were collected and analysed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twenty-two stakeholders and twenty-one service users from the government, non-governmental organisation (NGO) and private sectors. The qualitative data collected was analysed using a comparative thematic approach. The research was supported by the NGOs BasicNeeds and Nav Bharat Jagriti Kendra. Results Availability, distance and cost were the main barriers to access and utilisation. At the medical college hospital level a lack of supply appears to be due to a discrepancy between orders made by the hospital and medications supplied by the manufacturers. At the primary health centre and district hospital level the main barrier is a cycle between lack of demand for treatments for mental illness by doctors and patients. Conclusion Further investigation and monitoring is necessary to ensure the availability of psychotropic medications at the medical college hospital level. In addition, implementation of the District Mental Health Programme is likely to address the access and utilisation barriers due to its potential to break the current cycle of lack of demand. Psychotropic medicines (dpeaa)DE-He213 Resource-limited settings (dpeaa)DE-He213 India (dpeaa)DE-He213 Access (dpeaa)DE-He213 Utilisation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Low- and middle-income countries (dpeaa)DE-He213 LMICS (dpeaa)DE-He213 Low-income settings (dpeaa)DE-He213 Singh, Manoj aut Mannarath, Saju C aut Omar, Mayeh aut Raja, Shoba aut Enthalten in International journal of mental health systems London : Biomed Central, 2007 8(2014), 1 vom: 11. Juli (DE-627)539548472 (DE-600)2382266-1 1752-4458 nnns volume:8 year:2014 number:1 day:11 month:07 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1752-4458-8-29 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 8 2014 1 11 07
allfieldsSound	10.1186/1752-4458-8-29 doi (DE-627)SPR029555264 (SPR)1752-4458-8-29-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Padmanathan, Prianka verfasserin aut A rapid appraisal of access to and utilisation of psychotropic medicines in Bihar, India 2014 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Padmanathan et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014 Background A major aspect of providing mental healthcare is access to and use of psychotropic medications. Bihar is a state in northeast India with limited mental healthcare provision; consequently access to and utilisation of psychotropic medications are likely to be limited. However, to date there has been no research assessing the situation. This study therefore aims to analyse the psychotropic medications management cycle (selection, procurement, distribution and use), and identify the barriers to access and utilisation, and their underlying causes. Method A rapid appraisal method was used in which primary and secondary data sources were collected and analysed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twenty-two stakeholders and twenty-one service users from the government, non-governmental organisation (NGO) and private sectors. The qualitative data collected was analysed using a comparative thematic approach. The research was supported by the NGOs BasicNeeds and Nav Bharat Jagriti Kendra. Results Availability, distance and cost were the main barriers to access and utilisation. At the medical college hospital level a lack of supply appears to be due to a discrepancy between orders made by the hospital and medications supplied by the manufacturers. At the primary health centre and district hospital level the main barrier is a cycle between lack of demand for treatments for mental illness by doctors and patients. Conclusion Further investigation and monitoring is necessary to ensure the availability of psychotropic medications at the medical college hospital level. In addition, implementation of the District Mental Health Programme is likely to address the access and utilisation barriers due to its potential to break the current cycle of lack of demand. Psychotropic medicines (dpeaa)DE-He213 Resource-limited settings (dpeaa)DE-He213 India (dpeaa)DE-He213 Access (dpeaa)DE-He213 Utilisation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Low- and middle-income countries (dpeaa)DE-He213 LMICS (dpeaa)DE-He213 Low-income settings (dpeaa)DE-He213 Singh, Manoj aut Mannarath, Saju C aut Omar, Mayeh aut Raja, Shoba aut Enthalten in International journal of mental health systems London : Biomed Central, 2007 8(2014), 1 vom: 11. Juli (DE-627)539548472 (DE-600)2382266-1 1752-4458 nnns volume:8 year:2014 number:1 day:11 month:07 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1752-4458-8-29 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 8 2014 1 11 07
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At the medical college hospital level a lack of supply appears to be due to a discrepancy between orders made by the hospital and medications supplied by the manufacturers. At the primary health centre and district hospital level the main barrier is a cycle between lack of demand for treatments for mental illness by doctors and patients. Conclusion Further investigation and monitoring is necessary to ensure the availability of psychotropic medications at the medical college hospital level. 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author	Padmanathan, Prianka
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topic_title	A rapid appraisal of access to and utilisation of psychotropic medicines in Bihar, India Psychotropic medicines (dpeaa)DE-He213 Resource-limited settings (dpeaa)DE-He213 India (dpeaa)DE-He213 Access (dpeaa)DE-He213 Utilisation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Low- and middle-income countries (dpeaa)DE-He213 LMICS (dpeaa)DE-He213 Low-income settings (dpeaa)DE-He213
topic	misc Psychotropic medicines misc Resource-limited settings misc India misc Access misc Utilisation misc Low- and middle-income countries misc LMICS misc Low-income settings
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title_sort	rapid appraisal of access to and utilisation of psychotropic medicines in bihar, india
title_auth	A rapid appraisal of access to and utilisation of psychotropic medicines in Bihar, India
abstract	Background A major aspect of providing mental healthcare is access to and use of psychotropic medications. Bihar is a state in northeast India with limited mental healthcare provision; consequently access to and utilisation of psychotropic medications are likely to be limited. However, to date there has been no research assessing the situation. This study therefore aims to analyse the psychotropic medications management cycle (selection, procurement, distribution and use), and identify the barriers to access and utilisation, and their underlying causes. Method A rapid appraisal method was used in which primary and secondary data sources were collected and analysed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twenty-two stakeholders and twenty-one service users from the government, non-governmental organisation (NGO) and private sectors. The qualitative data collected was analysed using a comparative thematic approach. The research was supported by the NGOs BasicNeeds and Nav Bharat Jagriti Kendra. Results Availability, distance and cost were the main barriers to access and utilisation. At the medical college hospital level a lack of supply appears to be due to a discrepancy between orders made by the hospital and medications supplied by the manufacturers. At the primary health centre and district hospital level the main barrier is a cycle between lack of demand for treatments for mental illness by doctors and patients. Conclusion Further investigation and monitoring is necessary to ensure the availability of psychotropic medications at the medical college hospital level. In addition, implementation of the District Mental Health Programme is likely to address the access and utilisation barriers due to its potential to break the current cycle of lack of demand. © Padmanathan et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014
abstractGer	Background A major aspect of providing mental healthcare is access to and use of psychotropic medications. Bihar is a state in northeast India with limited mental healthcare provision; consequently access to and utilisation of psychotropic medications are likely to be limited. However, to date there has been no research assessing the situation. This study therefore aims to analyse the psychotropic medications management cycle (selection, procurement, distribution and use), and identify the barriers to access and utilisation, and their underlying causes. Method A rapid appraisal method was used in which primary and secondary data sources were collected and analysed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twenty-two stakeholders and twenty-one service users from the government, non-governmental organisation (NGO) and private sectors. The qualitative data collected was analysed using a comparative thematic approach. The research was supported by the NGOs BasicNeeds and Nav Bharat Jagriti Kendra. Results Availability, distance and cost were the main barriers to access and utilisation. At the medical college hospital level a lack of supply appears to be due to a discrepancy between orders made by the hospital and medications supplied by the manufacturers. At the primary health centre and district hospital level the main barrier is a cycle between lack of demand for treatments for mental illness by doctors and patients. Conclusion Further investigation and monitoring is necessary to ensure the availability of psychotropic medications at the medical college hospital level. In addition, implementation of the District Mental Health Programme is likely to address the access and utilisation barriers due to its potential to break the current cycle of lack of demand. © Padmanathan et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014
abstract_unstemmed	Background A major aspect of providing mental healthcare is access to and use of psychotropic medications. Bihar is a state in northeast India with limited mental healthcare provision; consequently access to and utilisation of psychotropic medications are likely to be limited. However, to date there has been no research assessing the situation. This study therefore aims to analyse the psychotropic medications management cycle (selection, procurement, distribution and use), and identify the barriers to access and utilisation, and their underlying causes. Method A rapid appraisal method was used in which primary and secondary data sources were collected and analysed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twenty-two stakeholders and twenty-one service users from the government, non-governmental organisation (NGO) and private sectors. The qualitative data collected was analysed using a comparative thematic approach. The research was supported by the NGOs BasicNeeds and Nav Bharat Jagriti Kendra. Results Availability, distance and cost were the main barriers to access and utilisation. At the medical college hospital level a lack of supply appears to be due to a discrepancy between orders made by the hospital and medications supplied by the manufacturers. At the primary health centre and district hospital level the main barrier is a cycle between lack of demand for treatments for mental illness by doctors and patients. Conclusion Further investigation and monitoring is necessary to ensure the availability of psychotropic medications at the medical college hospital level. In addition, implementation of the District Mental Health Programme is likely to address the access and utilisation barriers due to its potential to break the current cycle of lack of demand. © Padmanathan et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014
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title_short	A rapid appraisal of access to and utilisation of psychotropic medicines in Bihar, India
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At the medical college hospital level a lack of supply appears to be due to a discrepancy between orders made by the hospital and medications supplied by the manufacturers. At the primary health centre and district hospital level the main barrier is a cycle between lack of demand for treatments for mental illness by doctors and patients. Conclusion Further investigation and monitoring is necessary to ensure the availability of psychotropic medications at the medical college hospital level. 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A rapid appraisal of access to and utilisation of psychotropic medicines in Bihar, India

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