Metagenome-assembled genomes uncover a global brackish microbiome

Background Microbes are main drivers of biogeochemical cycles in oceans and lakes. Although the genome is a foundation for understanding the metabolism, ecology and evolution of an organism, few bacterioplankton genomes have been sequenced, partly due to difficulties in cultivating them. Results We...
Ausführliche Beschreibung

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Autor*in:	Hugerth, Luisa W. [verfasserIn] Larsson, John Alneberg, Johannes Lindh, Markus V. Legrand, Catherine Pinhassi, Jarone Andersson, Anders F.

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2015

Schlagwörter:	Metagenome Bacterioplankton Ecology Evolution Marine Brackish Baltic Sea

Anmerkung:	© Hugerth et al. 2015

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Genome biology - London : BioMed Central, 2000, 16(2015), 1 vom: 14. Dez.
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:16 ; year:2015 ; number:1 ; day:14 ; month:12

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1186/s13059-015-0834-7

Katalog-ID:	SPR030024900

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520			\|a Background Microbes are main drivers of biogeochemical cycles in oceans and lakes. Although the genome is a foundation for understanding the metabolism, ecology and evolution of an organism, few bacterioplankton genomes have been sequenced, partly due to difficulties in cultivating them. Results We use automatic binning to reconstruct a large number of bacterioplankton genomes from a metagenomic time-series from the Baltic Sea, one of world’s largest brackish water bodies. These genomes represent novel species within typical freshwater and marine clades, including clades not previously sequenced. The genomes’ seasonal dynamics follow phylogenetic patterns, but with fine-grained lineage-specific variations, reflected in gene-content. Signs of streamlining are evident in most genomes, and estimated genome sizes correlate with abundance variation across filter size fractions. Comparing the genomes with globally distributed metagenomes reveals significant fragment recruitment at high sequence identity from brackish waters in North America, but little from lakes or oceans. This suggests the existence of a global brackish metacommunity whose populations diverged from freshwater and marine relatives over 100,000 years ago, long before the Baltic Sea was formed (8000 years ago). This markedly contrasts to most Baltic Sea multicellular organisms, which are locally adapted populations of freshwater or marine counterparts. Conclusions We describe the gene content, temporal dynamics and biogeography of a large set of new bacterioplankton genomes assembled from metagenomes. We propose that brackish environments exert such strong selection that lineages adapted to them flourish globally with limited influence from surrounding aquatic communities.
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allfields	10.1186/s13059-015-0834-7 doi (DE-627)SPR030024900 (SPR)s13059-015-0834-7-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Hugerth, Luisa W. verfasserin aut Metagenome-assembled genomes uncover a global brackish microbiome 2015 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Hugerth et al. 2015 Background Microbes are main drivers of biogeochemical cycles in oceans and lakes. Although the genome is a foundation for understanding the metabolism, ecology and evolution of an organism, few bacterioplankton genomes have been sequenced, partly due to difficulties in cultivating them. Results We use automatic binning to reconstruct a large number of bacterioplankton genomes from a metagenomic time-series from the Baltic Sea, one of world’s largest brackish water bodies. These genomes represent novel species within typical freshwater and marine clades, including clades not previously sequenced. The genomes’ seasonal dynamics follow phylogenetic patterns, but with fine-grained lineage-specific variations, reflected in gene-content. Signs of streamlining are evident in most genomes, and estimated genome sizes correlate with abundance variation across filter size fractions. Comparing the genomes with globally distributed metagenomes reveals significant fragment recruitment at high sequence identity from brackish waters in North America, but little from lakes or oceans. This suggests the existence of a global brackish metacommunity whose populations diverged from freshwater and marine relatives over 100,000 years ago, long before the Baltic Sea was formed (8000 years ago). This markedly contrasts to most Baltic Sea multicellular organisms, which are locally adapted populations of freshwater or marine counterparts. Conclusions We describe the gene content, temporal dynamics and biogeography of a large set of new bacterioplankton genomes assembled from metagenomes. We propose that brackish environments exert such strong selection that lineages adapted to them flourish globally with limited influence from surrounding aquatic communities. Metagenome (dpeaa)DE-He213 Bacterioplankton (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ecology (dpeaa)DE-He213 Evolution (dpeaa)DE-He213 Marine (dpeaa)DE-He213 Brackish (dpeaa)DE-He213 Baltic Sea (dpeaa)DE-He213 Larsson, John aut Alneberg, Johannes aut Lindh, Markus V. aut Legrand, Catherine aut Pinhassi, Jarone aut Andersson, Anders F. (orcid)0000-0002-3627-6899 aut Enthalten in Genome biology London : BioMed Central, 2000 16(2015), 1 vom: 14. Dez. (DE-627)326173617 (DE-600)2040529-7 1474-760X nnns volume:16 year:2015 number:1 day:14 month:12 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13059-015-0834-7 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 16 2015 1 14 12
spelling	10.1186/s13059-015-0834-7 doi (DE-627)SPR030024900 (SPR)s13059-015-0834-7-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Hugerth, Luisa W. verfasserin aut Metagenome-assembled genomes uncover a global brackish microbiome 2015 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Hugerth et al. 2015 Background Microbes are main drivers of biogeochemical cycles in oceans and lakes. Although the genome is a foundation for understanding the metabolism, ecology and evolution of an organism, few bacterioplankton genomes have been sequenced, partly due to difficulties in cultivating them. Results We use automatic binning to reconstruct a large number of bacterioplankton genomes from a metagenomic time-series from the Baltic Sea, one of world’s largest brackish water bodies. These genomes represent novel species within typical freshwater and marine clades, including clades not previously sequenced. The genomes’ seasonal dynamics follow phylogenetic patterns, but with fine-grained lineage-specific variations, reflected in gene-content. Signs of streamlining are evident in most genomes, and estimated genome sizes correlate with abundance variation across filter size fractions. Comparing the genomes with globally distributed metagenomes reveals significant fragment recruitment at high sequence identity from brackish waters in North America, but little from lakes or oceans. This suggests the existence of a global brackish metacommunity whose populations diverged from freshwater and marine relatives over 100,000 years ago, long before the Baltic Sea was formed (8000 years ago). This markedly contrasts to most Baltic Sea multicellular organisms, which are locally adapted populations of freshwater or marine counterparts. Conclusions We describe the gene content, temporal dynamics and biogeography of a large set of new bacterioplankton genomes assembled from metagenomes. We propose that brackish environments exert such strong selection that lineages adapted to them flourish globally with limited influence from surrounding aquatic communities. Metagenome (dpeaa)DE-He213 Bacterioplankton (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ecology (dpeaa)DE-He213 Evolution (dpeaa)DE-He213 Marine (dpeaa)DE-He213 Brackish (dpeaa)DE-He213 Baltic Sea (dpeaa)DE-He213 Larsson, John aut Alneberg, Johannes aut Lindh, Markus V. aut Legrand, Catherine aut Pinhassi, Jarone aut Andersson, Anders F. (orcid)0000-0002-3627-6899 aut Enthalten in Genome biology London : BioMed Central, 2000 16(2015), 1 vom: 14. Dez. (DE-627)326173617 (DE-600)2040529-7 1474-760X nnns volume:16 year:2015 number:1 day:14 month:12 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13059-015-0834-7 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 16 2015 1 14 12
allfields_unstemmed	10.1186/s13059-015-0834-7 doi (DE-627)SPR030024900 (SPR)s13059-015-0834-7-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Hugerth, Luisa W. verfasserin aut Metagenome-assembled genomes uncover a global brackish microbiome 2015 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Hugerth et al. 2015 Background Microbes are main drivers of biogeochemical cycles in oceans and lakes. Although the genome is a foundation for understanding the metabolism, ecology and evolution of an organism, few bacterioplankton genomes have been sequenced, partly due to difficulties in cultivating them. Results We use automatic binning to reconstruct a large number of bacterioplankton genomes from a metagenomic time-series from the Baltic Sea, one of world’s largest brackish water bodies. These genomes represent novel species within typical freshwater and marine clades, including clades not previously sequenced. The genomes’ seasonal dynamics follow phylogenetic patterns, but with fine-grained lineage-specific variations, reflected in gene-content. Signs of streamlining are evident in most genomes, and estimated genome sizes correlate with abundance variation across filter size fractions. Comparing the genomes with globally distributed metagenomes reveals significant fragment recruitment at high sequence identity from brackish waters in North America, but little from lakes or oceans. This suggests the existence of a global brackish metacommunity whose populations diverged from freshwater and marine relatives over 100,000 years ago, long before the Baltic Sea was formed (8000 years ago). This markedly contrasts to most Baltic Sea multicellular organisms, which are locally adapted populations of freshwater or marine counterparts. Conclusions We describe the gene content, temporal dynamics and biogeography of a large set of new bacterioplankton genomes assembled from metagenomes. We propose that brackish environments exert such strong selection that lineages adapted to them flourish globally with limited influence from surrounding aquatic communities. Metagenome (dpeaa)DE-He213 Bacterioplankton (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ecology (dpeaa)DE-He213 Evolution (dpeaa)DE-He213 Marine (dpeaa)DE-He213 Brackish (dpeaa)DE-He213 Baltic Sea (dpeaa)DE-He213 Larsson, John aut Alneberg, Johannes aut Lindh, Markus V. aut Legrand, Catherine aut Pinhassi, Jarone aut Andersson, Anders F. (orcid)0000-0002-3627-6899 aut Enthalten in Genome biology London : BioMed Central, 2000 16(2015), 1 vom: 14. Dez. (DE-627)326173617 (DE-600)2040529-7 1474-760X nnns volume:16 year:2015 number:1 day:14 month:12 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13059-015-0834-7 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 16 2015 1 14 12
allfieldsGer	10.1186/s13059-015-0834-7 doi (DE-627)SPR030024900 (SPR)s13059-015-0834-7-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Hugerth, Luisa W. verfasserin aut Metagenome-assembled genomes uncover a global brackish microbiome 2015 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Hugerth et al. 2015 Background Microbes are main drivers of biogeochemical cycles in oceans and lakes. Although the genome is a foundation for understanding the metabolism, ecology and evolution of an organism, few bacterioplankton genomes have been sequenced, partly due to difficulties in cultivating them. Results We use automatic binning to reconstruct a large number of bacterioplankton genomes from a metagenomic time-series from the Baltic Sea, one of world’s largest brackish water bodies. These genomes represent novel species within typical freshwater and marine clades, including clades not previously sequenced. The genomes’ seasonal dynamics follow phylogenetic patterns, but with fine-grained lineage-specific variations, reflected in gene-content. Signs of streamlining are evident in most genomes, and estimated genome sizes correlate with abundance variation across filter size fractions. Comparing the genomes with globally distributed metagenomes reveals significant fragment recruitment at high sequence identity from brackish waters in North America, but little from lakes or oceans. This suggests the existence of a global brackish metacommunity whose populations diverged from freshwater and marine relatives over 100,000 years ago, long before the Baltic Sea was formed (8000 years ago). This markedly contrasts to most Baltic Sea multicellular organisms, which are locally adapted populations of freshwater or marine counterparts. Conclusions We describe the gene content, temporal dynamics and biogeography of a large set of new bacterioplankton genomes assembled from metagenomes. We propose that brackish environments exert such strong selection that lineages adapted to them flourish globally with limited influence from surrounding aquatic communities. Metagenome (dpeaa)DE-He213 Bacterioplankton (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ecology (dpeaa)DE-He213 Evolution (dpeaa)DE-He213 Marine (dpeaa)DE-He213 Brackish (dpeaa)DE-He213 Baltic Sea (dpeaa)DE-He213 Larsson, John aut Alneberg, Johannes aut Lindh, Markus V. aut Legrand, Catherine aut Pinhassi, Jarone aut Andersson, Anders F. (orcid)0000-0002-3627-6899 aut Enthalten in Genome biology London : BioMed Central, 2000 16(2015), 1 vom: 14. Dez. (DE-627)326173617 (DE-600)2040529-7 1474-760X nnns volume:16 year:2015 number:1 day:14 month:12 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13059-015-0834-7 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 16 2015 1 14 12
allfieldsSound	10.1186/s13059-015-0834-7 doi (DE-627)SPR030024900 (SPR)s13059-015-0834-7-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Hugerth, Luisa W. verfasserin aut Metagenome-assembled genomes uncover a global brackish microbiome 2015 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Hugerth et al. 2015 Background Microbes are main drivers of biogeochemical cycles in oceans and lakes. Although the genome is a foundation for understanding the metabolism, ecology and evolution of an organism, few bacterioplankton genomes have been sequenced, partly due to difficulties in cultivating them. Results We use automatic binning to reconstruct a large number of bacterioplankton genomes from a metagenomic time-series from the Baltic Sea, one of world’s largest brackish water bodies. These genomes represent novel species within typical freshwater and marine clades, including clades not previously sequenced. The genomes’ seasonal dynamics follow phylogenetic patterns, but with fine-grained lineage-specific variations, reflected in gene-content. Signs of streamlining are evident in most genomes, and estimated genome sizes correlate with abundance variation across filter size fractions. Comparing the genomes with globally distributed metagenomes reveals significant fragment recruitment at high sequence identity from brackish waters in North America, but little from lakes or oceans. This suggests the existence of a global brackish metacommunity whose populations diverged from freshwater and marine relatives over 100,000 years ago, long before the Baltic Sea was formed (8000 years ago). This markedly contrasts to most Baltic Sea multicellular organisms, which are locally adapted populations of freshwater or marine counterparts. Conclusions We describe the gene content, temporal dynamics and biogeography of a large set of new bacterioplankton genomes assembled from metagenomes. We propose that brackish environments exert such strong selection that lineages adapted to them flourish globally with limited influence from surrounding aquatic communities. Metagenome (dpeaa)DE-He213 Bacterioplankton (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ecology (dpeaa)DE-He213 Evolution (dpeaa)DE-He213 Marine (dpeaa)DE-He213 Brackish (dpeaa)DE-He213 Baltic Sea (dpeaa)DE-He213 Larsson, John aut Alneberg, Johannes aut Lindh, Markus V. aut Legrand, Catherine aut Pinhassi, Jarone aut Andersson, Anders F. (orcid)0000-0002-3627-6899 aut Enthalten in Genome biology London : BioMed Central, 2000 16(2015), 1 vom: 14. Dez. (DE-627)326173617 (DE-600)2040529-7 1474-760X nnns volume:16 year:2015 number:1 day:14 month:12 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13059-015-0834-7 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 16 2015 1 14 12
language	English
source	Enthalten in Genome biology 16(2015), 1 vom: 14. Dez. volume:16 year:2015 number:1 day:14 month:12
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topic_facet	Metagenome Bacterioplankton Ecology Evolution Marine Brackish Baltic Sea
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container_title	Genome biology
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Hugerth, Luisa W. @@aut@@ Larsson, John @@aut@@ Alneberg, Johannes @@aut@@ Lindh, Markus V. @@aut@@ Legrand, Catherine @@aut@@ Pinhassi, Jarone @@aut@@ Andersson, Anders F. @@aut@@
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author	Hugerth, Luisa W.
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topic_title	Metagenome-assembled genomes uncover a global brackish microbiome Metagenome (dpeaa)DE-He213 Bacterioplankton (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ecology (dpeaa)DE-He213 Evolution (dpeaa)DE-He213 Marine (dpeaa)DE-He213 Brackish (dpeaa)DE-He213 Baltic Sea (dpeaa)DE-He213
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title	Metagenome-assembled genomes uncover a global brackish microbiome
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title_full	Metagenome-assembled genomes uncover a global brackish microbiome
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title_sort	metagenome-assembled genomes uncover a global brackish microbiome
title_auth	Metagenome-assembled genomes uncover a global brackish microbiome
abstract	Background Microbes are main drivers of biogeochemical cycles in oceans and lakes. Although the genome is a foundation for understanding the metabolism, ecology and evolution of an organism, few bacterioplankton genomes have been sequenced, partly due to difficulties in cultivating them. Results We use automatic binning to reconstruct a large number of bacterioplankton genomes from a metagenomic time-series from the Baltic Sea, one of world’s largest brackish water bodies. These genomes represent novel species within typical freshwater and marine clades, including clades not previously sequenced. The genomes’ seasonal dynamics follow phylogenetic patterns, but with fine-grained lineage-specific variations, reflected in gene-content. Signs of streamlining are evident in most genomes, and estimated genome sizes correlate with abundance variation across filter size fractions. Comparing the genomes with globally distributed metagenomes reveals significant fragment recruitment at high sequence identity from brackish waters in North America, but little from lakes or oceans. This suggests the existence of a global brackish metacommunity whose populations diverged from freshwater and marine relatives over 100,000 years ago, long before the Baltic Sea was formed (8000 years ago). This markedly contrasts to most Baltic Sea multicellular organisms, which are locally adapted populations of freshwater or marine counterparts. Conclusions We describe the gene content, temporal dynamics and biogeography of a large set of new bacterioplankton genomes assembled from metagenomes. We propose that brackish environments exert such strong selection that lineages adapted to them flourish globally with limited influence from surrounding aquatic communities. © Hugerth et al. 2015
abstractGer	Background Microbes are main drivers of biogeochemical cycles in oceans and lakes. Although the genome is a foundation for understanding the metabolism, ecology and evolution of an organism, few bacterioplankton genomes have been sequenced, partly due to difficulties in cultivating them. Results We use automatic binning to reconstruct a large number of bacterioplankton genomes from a metagenomic time-series from the Baltic Sea, one of world’s largest brackish water bodies. These genomes represent novel species within typical freshwater and marine clades, including clades not previously sequenced. The genomes’ seasonal dynamics follow phylogenetic patterns, but with fine-grained lineage-specific variations, reflected in gene-content. Signs of streamlining are evident in most genomes, and estimated genome sizes correlate with abundance variation across filter size fractions. Comparing the genomes with globally distributed metagenomes reveals significant fragment recruitment at high sequence identity from brackish waters in North America, but little from lakes or oceans. This suggests the existence of a global brackish metacommunity whose populations diverged from freshwater and marine relatives over 100,000 years ago, long before the Baltic Sea was formed (8000 years ago). This markedly contrasts to most Baltic Sea multicellular organisms, which are locally adapted populations of freshwater or marine counterparts. Conclusions We describe the gene content, temporal dynamics and biogeography of a large set of new bacterioplankton genomes assembled from metagenomes. We propose that brackish environments exert such strong selection that lineages adapted to them flourish globally with limited influence from surrounding aquatic communities. © Hugerth et al. 2015
abstract_unstemmed	Background Microbes are main drivers of biogeochemical cycles in oceans and lakes. Although the genome is a foundation for understanding the metabolism, ecology and evolution of an organism, few bacterioplankton genomes have been sequenced, partly due to difficulties in cultivating them. Results We use automatic binning to reconstruct a large number of bacterioplankton genomes from a metagenomic time-series from the Baltic Sea, one of world’s largest brackish water bodies. These genomes represent novel species within typical freshwater and marine clades, including clades not previously sequenced. The genomes’ seasonal dynamics follow phylogenetic patterns, but with fine-grained lineage-specific variations, reflected in gene-content. Signs of streamlining are evident in most genomes, and estimated genome sizes correlate with abundance variation across filter size fractions. Comparing the genomes with globally distributed metagenomes reveals significant fragment recruitment at high sequence identity from brackish waters in North America, but little from lakes or oceans. This suggests the existence of a global brackish metacommunity whose populations diverged from freshwater and marine relatives over 100,000 years ago, long before the Baltic Sea was formed (8000 years ago). This markedly contrasts to most Baltic Sea multicellular organisms, which are locally adapted populations of freshwater or marine counterparts. Conclusions We describe the gene content, temporal dynamics and biogeography of a large set of new bacterioplankton genomes assembled from metagenomes. We propose that brackish environments exert such strong selection that lineages adapted to them flourish globally with limited influence from surrounding aquatic communities. © Hugerth et al. 2015
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title_short	Metagenome-assembled genomes uncover a global brackish microbiome
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author2	Larsson, John Alneberg, Johannes Lindh, Markus V. Legrand, Catherine Pinhassi, Jarone Andersson, Anders F.
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Comparing the genomes with globally distributed metagenomes reveals significant fragment recruitment at high sequence identity from brackish waters in North America, but little from lakes or oceans. This suggests the existence of a global brackish metacommunity whose populations diverged from freshwater and marine relatives over 100,000 years ago, long before the Baltic Sea was formed (8000 years ago). This markedly contrasts to most Baltic Sea multicellular organisms, which are locally adapted populations of freshwater or marine counterparts. Conclusions We describe the gene content, temporal dynamics and biogeography of a large set of new bacterioplankton genomes assembled from metagenomes. 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