Naturally occurring variations in sequence length creates microRNA isoforms that differ in argonaute effector complex specificity

Background Micro(mi)RNAs are short RNA sequences, ranging from 16 to 35 nucleotides (miRBase; http://www.mirbase.org). The majority of the identified sequences are 21 or 22 nucleotides in length. Despite the range of sequence lengths for different miRNAs, individual miRNAs were thought to have a spe...
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Autor*in:	Ebhardt, H Alexander [verfasserIn] Fedynak, Amber Fahlman, Richard P

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2010

Schlagwörter:	miRNA Sequence Mature miRNA Sequence Individual miRNAs Annotate miRNAs Single Nucleotide Extension

Anmerkung:	© Ebhardt et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2010. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Silence - London : BioMed Central, 2010, 1(2010), 1 vom: 09. Juni
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:1 ; year:2010 ; number:1 ; day:09 ; month:06

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1186/1758-907X-1-12

Katalog-ID:	SPR030260027

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520			\|a Background Micro(mi)RNAs are short RNA sequences, ranging from 16 to 35 nucleotides (miRBase; http://www.mirbase.org). The majority of the identified sequences are 21 or 22 nucleotides in length. Despite the range of sequence lengths for different miRNAs, individual miRNAs were thought to have a specific sequence of a particular length. A recent report describing a longer variant of a previously identified miRNA in Arabidopsis thaliana prompted this investigation for variations in the length of other miRNAs. Results In this paper, we demonstrate that a fifth of annotated A. thaliana miRNAs recorded in miRBase V.14 have stable miRNA isoforms that are one or two nucleotides longer than their respective recorded miRNA. Further, we demonstrate that miRNA isoforms are co-expressed and often show differential argonaute complex association. We postulate that these extensions are caused by differential cleavage of the parent precursor miRNA. Conclusions Our systematic analysis of A. thaliana miRNAs reveals that miRNA length isoforms are relatively common. This finding not only has implications for miRBase and miRNA annotation, but also extends to miRNA validation experiments and miRNA localization studies. Further, we predict that miRNA isoforms are present in other plant species also.
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allfields	10.1186/1758-907X-1-12 doi (DE-627)SPR030260027 (SPR)1758-907X-1-12-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Ebhardt, H Alexander verfasserin aut Naturally occurring variations in sequence length creates microRNA isoforms that differ in argonaute effector complex specificity 2010 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Ebhardt et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2010. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( Background Micro(mi)RNAs are short RNA sequences, ranging from 16 to 35 nucleotides (miRBase; http://www.mirbase.org). The majority of the identified sequences are 21 or 22 nucleotides in length. Despite the range of sequence lengths for different miRNAs, individual miRNAs were thought to have a specific sequence of a particular length. A recent report describing a longer variant of a previously identified miRNA in Arabidopsis thaliana prompted this investigation for variations in the length of other miRNAs. Results In this paper, we demonstrate that a fifth of annotated A. thaliana miRNAs recorded in miRBase V.14 have stable miRNA isoforms that are one or two nucleotides longer than their respective recorded miRNA. Further, we demonstrate that miRNA isoforms are co-expressed and often show differential argonaute complex association. We postulate that these extensions are caused by differential cleavage of the parent precursor miRNA. Conclusions Our systematic analysis of A. thaliana miRNAs reveals that miRNA length isoforms are relatively common. This finding not only has implications for miRBase and miRNA annotation, but also extends to miRNA validation experiments and miRNA localization studies. Further, we predict that miRNA isoforms are present in other plant species also. miRNA Sequence (dpeaa)DE-He213 Mature miRNA Sequence (dpeaa)DE-He213 Individual miRNAs (dpeaa)DE-He213 Annotate miRNAs (dpeaa)DE-He213 Single Nucleotide Extension (dpeaa)DE-He213 Fedynak, Amber aut Fahlman, Richard P aut Enthalten in Silence London : BioMed Central, 2010 1(2010), 1 vom: 09. Juni (DE-627)617091188 (DE-600)2533039-1 1758-907X nnns volume:1 year:2010 number:1 day:09 month:06 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1758-907X-1-12 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 1 2010 1 09 06
spelling	10.1186/1758-907X-1-12 doi (DE-627)SPR030260027 (SPR)1758-907X-1-12-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Ebhardt, H Alexander verfasserin aut Naturally occurring variations in sequence length creates microRNA isoforms that differ in argonaute effector complex specificity 2010 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Ebhardt et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2010. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( Background Micro(mi)RNAs are short RNA sequences, ranging from 16 to 35 nucleotides (miRBase; http://www.mirbase.org). The majority of the identified sequences are 21 or 22 nucleotides in length. Despite the range of sequence lengths for different miRNAs, individual miRNAs were thought to have a specific sequence of a particular length. A recent report describing a longer variant of a previously identified miRNA in Arabidopsis thaliana prompted this investigation for variations in the length of other miRNAs. Results In this paper, we demonstrate that a fifth of annotated A. thaliana miRNAs recorded in miRBase V.14 have stable miRNA isoforms that are one or two nucleotides longer than their respective recorded miRNA. Further, we demonstrate that miRNA isoforms are co-expressed and often show differential argonaute complex association. We postulate that these extensions are caused by differential cleavage of the parent precursor miRNA. Conclusions Our systematic analysis of A. thaliana miRNAs reveals that miRNA length isoforms are relatively common. This finding not only has implications for miRBase and miRNA annotation, but also extends to miRNA validation experiments and miRNA localization studies. Further, we predict that miRNA isoforms are present in other plant species also. miRNA Sequence (dpeaa)DE-He213 Mature miRNA Sequence (dpeaa)DE-He213 Individual miRNAs (dpeaa)DE-He213 Annotate miRNAs (dpeaa)DE-He213 Single Nucleotide Extension (dpeaa)DE-He213 Fedynak, Amber aut Fahlman, Richard P aut Enthalten in Silence London : BioMed Central, 2010 1(2010), 1 vom: 09. Juni (DE-627)617091188 (DE-600)2533039-1 1758-907X nnns volume:1 year:2010 number:1 day:09 month:06 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1758-907X-1-12 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 1 2010 1 09 06
allfields_unstemmed	10.1186/1758-907X-1-12 doi (DE-627)SPR030260027 (SPR)1758-907X-1-12-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Ebhardt, H Alexander verfasserin aut Naturally occurring variations in sequence length creates microRNA isoforms that differ in argonaute effector complex specificity 2010 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Ebhardt et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2010. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( Background Micro(mi)RNAs are short RNA sequences, ranging from 16 to 35 nucleotides (miRBase; http://www.mirbase.org). The majority of the identified sequences are 21 or 22 nucleotides in length. Despite the range of sequence lengths for different miRNAs, individual miRNAs were thought to have a specific sequence of a particular length. A recent report describing a longer variant of a previously identified miRNA in Arabidopsis thaliana prompted this investigation for variations in the length of other miRNAs. Results In this paper, we demonstrate that a fifth of annotated A. thaliana miRNAs recorded in miRBase V.14 have stable miRNA isoforms that are one or two nucleotides longer than their respective recorded miRNA. Further, we demonstrate that miRNA isoforms are co-expressed and often show differential argonaute complex association. We postulate that these extensions are caused by differential cleavage of the parent precursor miRNA. Conclusions Our systematic analysis of A. thaliana miRNAs reveals that miRNA length isoforms are relatively common. This finding not only has implications for miRBase and miRNA annotation, but also extends to miRNA validation experiments and miRNA localization studies. Further, we predict that miRNA isoforms are present in other plant species also. miRNA Sequence (dpeaa)DE-He213 Mature miRNA Sequence (dpeaa)DE-He213 Individual miRNAs (dpeaa)DE-He213 Annotate miRNAs (dpeaa)DE-He213 Single Nucleotide Extension (dpeaa)DE-He213 Fedynak, Amber aut Fahlman, Richard P aut Enthalten in Silence London : BioMed Central, 2010 1(2010), 1 vom: 09. Juni (DE-627)617091188 (DE-600)2533039-1 1758-907X nnns volume:1 year:2010 number:1 day:09 month:06 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1758-907X-1-12 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 1 2010 1 09 06
allfieldsGer	10.1186/1758-907X-1-12 doi (DE-627)SPR030260027 (SPR)1758-907X-1-12-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Ebhardt, H Alexander verfasserin aut Naturally occurring variations in sequence length creates microRNA isoforms that differ in argonaute effector complex specificity 2010 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Ebhardt et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2010. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( Background Micro(mi)RNAs are short RNA sequences, ranging from 16 to 35 nucleotides (miRBase; http://www.mirbase.org). The majority of the identified sequences are 21 or 22 nucleotides in length. Despite the range of sequence lengths for different miRNAs, individual miRNAs were thought to have a specific sequence of a particular length. A recent report describing a longer variant of a previously identified miRNA in Arabidopsis thaliana prompted this investigation for variations in the length of other miRNAs. Results In this paper, we demonstrate that a fifth of annotated A. thaliana miRNAs recorded in miRBase V.14 have stable miRNA isoforms that are one or two nucleotides longer than their respective recorded miRNA. Further, we demonstrate that miRNA isoforms are co-expressed and often show differential argonaute complex association. We postulate that these extensions are caused by differential cleavage of the parent precursor miRNA. Conclusions Our systematic analysis of A. thaliana miRNAs reveals that miRNA length isoforms are relatively common. This finding not only has implications for miRBase and miRNA annotation, but also extends to miRNA validation experiments and miRNA localization studies. Further, we predict that miRNA isoforms are present in other plant species also. miRNA Sequence (dpeaa)DE-He213 Mature miRNA Sequence (dpeaa)DE-He213 Individual miRNAs (dpeaa)DE-He213 Annotate miRNAs (dpeaa)DE-He213 Single Nucleotide Extension (dpeaa)DE-He213 Fedynak, Amber aut Fahlman, Richard P aut Enthalten in Silence London : BioMed Central, 2010 1(2010), 1 vom: 09. Juni (DE-627)617091188 (DE-600)2533039-1 1758-907X nnns volume:1 year:2010 number:1 day:09 month:06 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1758-907X-1-12 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 1 2010 1 09 06
allfieldsSound	10.1186/1758-907X-1-12 doi (DE-627)SPR030260027 (SPR)1758-907X-1-12-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Ebhardt, H Alexander verfasserin aut Naturally occurring variations in sequence length creates microRNA isoforms that differ in argonaute effector complex specificity 2010 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Ebhardt et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2010. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( Background Micro(mi)RNAs are short RNA sequences, ranging from 16 to 35 nucleotides (miRBase; http://www.mirbase.org). The majority of the identified sequences are 21 or 22 nucleotides in length. Despite the range of sequence lengths for different miRNAs, individual miRNAs were thought to have a specific sequence of a particular length. A recent report describing a longer variant of a previously identified miRNA in Arabidopsis thaliana prompted this investigation for variations in the length of other miRNAs. Results In this paper, we demonstrate that a fifth of annotated A. thaliana miRNAs recorded in miRBase V.14 have stable miRNA isoforms that are one or two nucleotides longer than their respective recorded miRNA. Further, we demonstrate that miRNA isoforms are co-expressed and often show differential argonaute complex association. We postulate that these extensions are caused by differential cleavage of the parent precursor miRNA. Conclusions Our systematic analysis of A. thaliana miRNAs reveals that miRNA length isoforms are relatively common. This finding not only has implications for miRBase and miRNA annotation, but also extends to miRNA validation experiments and miRNA localization studies. Further, we predict that miRNA isoforms are present in other plant species also. miRNA Sequence (dpeaa)DE-He213 Mature miRNA Sequence (dpeaa)DE-He213 Individual miRNAs (dpeaa)DE-He213 Annotate miRNAs (dpeaa)DE-He213 Single Nucleotide Extension (dpeaa)DE-He213 Fedynak, Amber aut Fahlman, Richard P aut Enthalten in Silence London : BioMed Central, 2010 1(2010), 1 vom: 09. Juni (DE-627)617091188 (DE-600)2533039-1 1758-907X nnns volume:1 year:2010 number:1 day:09 month:06 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1758-907X-1-12 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 1 2010 1 09 06
language	English
source	Enthalten in Silence 1(2010), 1 vom: 09. Juni volume:1 year:2010 number:1 day:09 month:06
sourceStr	Enthalten in Silence 1(2010), 1 vom: 09. Juni volume:1 year:2010 number:1 day:09 month:06
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	miRNA Sequence Mature miRNA Sequence Individual miRNAs Annotate miRNAs Single Nucleotide Extension
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authorswithroles_txt_mv	Ebhardt, H Alexander @@aut@@ Fedynak, Amber @@aut@@ Fahlman, Richard P @@aut@@
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Background Micro(mi)RNAs are short RNA sequences, ranging from 16 to 35 nucleotides (miRBase; http://www.mirbase.org). The majority of the identified sequences are 21 or 22 nucleotides in length. Despite the range of sequence lengths for different miRNAs, individual miRNAs were thought to have a specific sequence of a particular length. A recent report describing a longer variant of a previously identified miRNA in Arabidopsis thaliana prompted this investigation for variations in the length of other miRNAs. Results In this paper, we demonstrate that a fifth of annotated A. thaliana miRNAs recorded in miRBase V.14 have stable miRNA isoforms that are one or two nucleotides longer than their respective recorded miRNA. 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author	Ebhardt, H Alexander
spellingShingle	Ebhardt, H Alexander misc miRNA Sequence misc Mature miRNA Sequence misc Individual miRNAs misc Annotate miRNAs misc Single Nucleotide Extension Naturally occurring variations in sequence length creates microRNA isoforms that differ in argonaute effector complex specificity
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topic_title	Naturally occurring variations in sequence length creates microRNA isoforms that differ in argonaute effector complex specificity miRNA Sequence (dpeaa)DE-He213 Mature miRNA Sequence (dpeaa)DE-He213 Individual miRNAs (dpeaa)DE-He213 Annotate miRNAs (dpeaa)DE-He213 Single Nucleotide Extension (dpeaa)DE-He213
topic	misc miRNA Sequence misc Mature miRNA Sequence misc Individual miRNAs misc Annotate miRNAs misc Single Nucleotide Extension
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title	Naturally occurring variations in sequence length creates microRNA isoforms that differ in argonaute effector complex specificity
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title_full	Naturally occurring variations in sequence length creates microRNA isoforms that differ in argonaute effector complex specificity
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title_sort	naturally occurring variations in sequence length creates microrna isoforms that differ in argonaute effector complex specificity
title_auth	Naturally occurring variations in sequence length creates microRNA isoforms that differ in argonaute effector complex specificity
abstract	Background Micro(mi)RNAs are short RNA sequences, ranging from 16 to 35 nucleotides (miRBase; http://www.mirbase.org). The majority of the identified sequences are 21 or 22 nucleotides in length. Despite the range of sequence lengths for different miRNAs, individual miRNAs were thought to have a specific sequence of a particular length. A recent report describing a longer variant of a previously identified miRNA in Arabidopsis thaliana prompted this investigation for variations in the length of other miRNAs. Results In this paper, we demonstrate that a fifth of annotated A. thaliana miRNAs recorded in miRBase V.14 have stable miRNA isoforms that are one or two nucleotides longer than their respective recorded miRNA. Further, we demonstrate that miRNA isoforms are co-expressed and often show differential argonaute complex association. We postulate that these extensions are caused by differential cleavage of the parent precursor miRNA. Conclusions Our systematic analysis of A. thaliana miRNAs reveals that miRNA length isoforms are relatively common. This finding not only has implications for miRBase and miRNA annotation, but also extends to miRNA validation experiments and miRNA localization studies. Further, we predict that miRNA isoforms are present in other plant species also. © Ebhardt et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2010. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (
abstractGer	Background Micro(mi)RNAs are short RNA sequences, ranging from 16 to 35 nucleotides (miRBase; http://www.mirbase.org). The majority of the identified sequences are 21 or 22 nucleotides in length. Despite the range of sequence lengths for different miRNAs, individual miRNAs were thought to have a specific sequence of a particular length. A recent report describing a longer variant of a previously identified miRNA in Arabidopsis thaliana prompted this investigation for variations in the length of other miRNAs. Results In this paper, we demonstrate that a fifth of annotated A. thaliana miRNAs recorded in miRBase V.14 have stable miRNA isoforms that are one or two nucleotides longer than their respective recorded miRNA. Further, we demonstrate that miRNA isoforms are co-expressed and often show differential argonaute complex association. We postulate that these extensions are caused by differential cleavage of the parent precursor miRNA. Conclusions Our systematic analysis of A. thaliana miRNAs reveals that miRNA length isoforms are relatively common. This finding not only has implications for miRBase and miRNA annotation, but also extends to miRNA validation experiments and miRNA localization studies. Further, we predict that miRNA isoforms are present in other plant species also. © Ebhardt et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2010. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (
abstract_unstemmed	Background Micro(mi)RNAs are short RNA sequences, ranging from 16 to 35 nucleotides (miRBase; http://www.mirbase.org). The majority of the identified sequences are 21 or 22 nucleotides in length. Despite the range of sequence lengths for different miRNAs, individual miRNAs were thought to have a specific sequence of a particular length. A recent report describing a longer variant of a previously identified miRNA in Arabidopsis thaliana prompted this investigation for variations in the length of other miRNAs. Results In this paper, we demonstrate that a fifth of annotated A. thaliana miRNAs recorded in miRBase V.14 have stable miRNA isoforms that are one or two nucleotides longer than their respective recorded miRNA. Further, we demonstrate that miRNA isoforms are co-expressed and often show differential argonaute complex association. We postulate that these extensions are caused by differential cleavage of the parent precursor miRNA. Conclusions Our systematic analysis of A. thaliana miRNAs reveals that miRNA length isoforms are relatively common. This finding not only has implications for miRBase and miRNA annotation, but also extends to miRNA validation experiments and miRNA localization studies. Further, we predict that miRNA isoforms are present in other plant species also. © Ebhardt et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2010. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (
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title_short	Naturally occurring variations in sequence length creates microRNA isoforms that differ in argonaute effector complex specificity
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Background Micro(mi)RNAs are short RNA sequences, ranging from 16 to 35 nucleotides (miRBase; http://www.mirbase.org). The majority of the identified sequences are 21 or 22 nucleotides in length. Despite the range of sequence lengths for different miRNAs, individual miRNAs were thought to have a specific sequence of a particular length. A recent report describing a longer variant of a previously identified miRNA in Arabidopsis thaliana prompted this investigation for variations in the length of other miRNAs. Results In this paper, we demonstrate that a fifth of annotated A. thaliana miRNAs recorded in miRBase V.14 have stable miRNA isoforms that are one or two nucleotides longer than their respective recorded miRNA. 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Naturally occurring variations in sequence length creates microRNA isoforms that differ in argonaute effector complex specificity

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