Validation of a functional screening instrument for dementia in an elderly sri lankan population: comparison of modified bristol and blessed activities of daily living scales
Background Cognitive tests have been used in population surveys as first stage screens for dementia but are biased by education. However functional ability scales are less biased by education than the cognitive scale and thus can be used in screening for dementia. Objective To validate Activities of...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Autor*in: |
Umayal, S [verfasserIn] |
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E-Artikel |
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Englisch |
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2010 |
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Anmerkung: |
© De Silva et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2010 |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: BMC Research Notes - London, 2008, 3(2010), 1 vom: 26. Okt. |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:3 ; year:2010 ; number:1 ; day:26 ; month:10 |
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DOI / URN: |
10.1186/1756-0500-3-268 |
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SPR030272289 |
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520 | |a Background Cognitive tests have been used in population surveys as first stage screens for dementia but are biased by education. However functional ability scales are less biased by education than the cognitive scale and thus can be used in screening for dementia. Objective To validate Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale appropriate for use in assessing the presence of dementia in an elderly population living in care homes in Sri Lanka. Method Sinhalese version of the modified Bristol and Blessed scale was administered to subjects aged 55 years and above residing in 14 randomly selected elders' homes. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) was used to determine the cut-off scores of both the scales. Results Based on the ROC analysis, optimal cut off score of the modified Bristol scale was 20 with a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 74.2% and the area under the curve 0.933(95% CI: 0.871-0.995) while the optimal cut off score of the modified Blessed scale was 10.5 with a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 71% and the area under the curve 0.892 (95% CI: 0.816-0.967). Conclusion The findings confirm that both the scales can be used in screening for dementia in the elderly living in care homes in Sri Lanka. | ||
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700 | 1 | |a De Silva, Ranil |4 aut | |
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10.1186/1756-0500-3-268 doi (DE-627)SPR030272289 (SPR)1756-0500-3-268-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Umayal, S verfasserin aut Validation of a functional screening instrument for dementia in an elderly sri lankan population: comparison of modified bristol and blessed activities of daily living scales 2010 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © De Silva et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2010 Background Cognitive tests have been used in population surveys as first stage screens for dementia but are biased by education. However functional ability scales are less biased by education than the cognitive scale and thus can be used in screening for dementia. Objective To validate Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale appropriate for use in assessing the presence of dementia in an elderly population living in care homes in Sri Lanka. Method Sinhalese version of the modified Bristol and Blessed scale was administered to subjects aged 55 years and above residing in 14 randomly selected elders' homes. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) was used to determine the cut-off scores of both the scales. Results Based on the ROC analysis, optimal cut off score of the modified Bristol scale was 20 with a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 74.2% and the area under the curve 0.933(95% CI: 0.871-0.995) while the optimal cut off score of the modified Blessed scale was 10.5 with a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 71% and the area under the curve 0.892 (95% CI: 0.816-0.967). Conclusion The findings confirm that both the scales can be used in screening for dementia in the elderly living in care homes in Sri Lanka. Dementia (dpeaa)DE-He213 Care Home (dpeaa)DE-He213 Clinical Dementia Rate (dpeaa)DE-He213 Clinical Dementia Rate Score (dpeaa)DE-He213 Questionable Dementia (dpeaa)DE-He213 Kulathunga, M aut Somaratne, S aut Srikanth, S aut Kathriarachchi, S aut De Silva, Ranil aut Enthalten in BMC Research Notes London, 2008 3(2010), 1 vom: 26. Okt. (DE-627)559431805 (DE-600)2413336-X 1756-0500 nnns volume:3 year:2010 number:1 day:26 month:10 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-3-268 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 3 2010 1 26 10 |
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10.1186/1756-0500-3-268 doi (DE-627)SPR030272289 (SPR)1756-0500-3-268-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Umayal, S verfasserin aut Validation of a functional screening instrument for dementia in an elderly sri lankan population: comparison of modified bristol and blessed activities of daily living scales 2010 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © De Silva et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2010 Background Cognitive tests have been used in population surveys as first stage screens for dementia but are biased by education. However functional ability scales are less biased by education than the cognitive scale and thus can be used in screening for dementia. Objective To validate Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale appropriate for use in assessing the presence of dementia in an elderly population living in care homes in Sri Lanka. Method Sinhalese version of the modified Bristol and Blessed scale was administered to subjects aged 55 years and above residing in 14 randomly selected elders' homes. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) was used to determine the cut-off scores of both the scales. Results Based on the ROC analysis, optimal cut off score of the modified Bristol scale was 20 with a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 74.2% and the area under the curve 0.933(95% CI: 0.871-0.995) while the optimal cut off score of the modified Blessed scale was 10.5 with a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 71% and the area under the curve 0.892 (95% CI: 0.816-0.967). Conclusion The findings confirm that both the scales can be used in screening for dementia in the elderly living in care homes in Sri Lanka. Dementia (dpeaa)DE-He213 Care Home (dpeaa)DE-He213 Clinical Dementia Rate (dpeaa)DE-He213 Clinical Dementia Rate Score (dpeaa)DE-He213 Questionable Dementia (dpeaa)DE-He213 Kulathunga, M aut Somaratne, S aut Srikanth, S aut Kathriarachchi, S aut De Silva, Ranil aut Enthalten in BMC Research Notes London, 2008 3(2010), 1 vom: 26. Okt. (DE-627)559431805 (DE-600)2413336-X 1756-0500 nnns volume:3 year:2010 number:1 day:26 month:10 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-3-268 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 3 2010 1 26 10 |
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10.1186/1756-0500-3-268 doi (DE-627)SPR030272289 (SPR)1756-0500-3-268-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Umayal, S verfasserin aut Validation of a functional screening instrument for dementia in an elderly sri lankan population: comparison of modified bristol and blessed activities of daily living scales 2010 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © De Silva et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2010 Background Cognitive tests have been used in population surveys as first stage screens for dementia but are biased by education. However functional ability scales are less biased by education than the cognitive scale and thus can be used in screening for dementia. Objective To validate Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale appropriate for use in assessing the presence of dementia in an elderly population living in care homes in Sri Lanka. Method Sinhalese version of the modified Bristol and Blessed scale was administered to subjects aged 55 years and above residing in 14 randomly selected elders' homes. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) was used to determine the cut-off scores of both the scales. Results Based on the ROC analysis, optimal cut off score of the modified Bristol scale was 20 with a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 74.2% and the area under the curve 0.933(95% CI: 0.871-0.995) while the optimal cut off score of the modified Blessed scale was 10.5 with a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 71% and the area under the curve 0.892 (95% CI: 0.816-0.967). Conclusion The findings confirm that both the scales can be used in screening for dementia in the elderly living in care homes in Sri Lanka. Dementia (dpeaa)DE-He213 Care Home (dpeaa)DE-He213 Clinical Dementia Rate (dpeaa)DE-He213 Clinical Dementia Rate Score (dpeaa)DE-He213 Questionable Dementia (dpeaa)DE-He213 Kulathunga, M aut Somaratne, S aut Srikanth, S aut Kathriarachchi, S aut De Silva, Ranil aut Enthalten in BMC Research Notes London, 2008 3(2010), 1 vom: 26. Okt. (DE-627)559431805 (DE-600)2413336-X 1756-0500 nnns volume:3 year:2010 number:1 day:26 month:10 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-3-268 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 3 2010 1 26 10 |
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10.1186/1756-0500-3-268 doi (DE-627)SPR030272289 (SPR)1756-0500-3-268-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Umayal, S verfasserin aut Validation of a functional screening instrument for dementia in an elderly sri lankan population: comparison of modified bristol and blessed activities of daily living scales 2010 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © De Silva et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2010 Background Cognitive tests have been used in population surveys as first stage screens for dementia but are biased by education. However functional ability scales are less biased by education than the cognitive scale and thus can be used in screening for dementia. Objective To validate Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale appropriate for use in assessing the presence of dementia in an elderly population living in care homes in Sri Lanka. Method Sinhalese version of the modified Bristol and Blessed scale was administered to subjects aged 55 years and above residing in 14 randomly selected elders' homes. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) was used to determine the cut-off scores of both the scales. Results Based on the ROC analysis, optimal cut off score of the modified Bristol scale was 20 with a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 74.2% and the area under the curve 0.933(95% CI: 0.871-0.995) while the optimal cut off score of the modified Blessed scale was 10.5 with a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 71% and the area under the curve 0.892 (95% CI: 0.816-0.967). Conclusion The findings confirm that both the scales can be used in screening for dementia in the elderly living in care homes in Sri Lanka. Dementia (dpeaa)DE-He213 Care Home (dpeaa)DE-He213 Clinical Dementia Rate (dpeaa)DE-He213 Clinical Dementia Rate Score (dpeaa)DE-He213 Questionable Dementia (dpeaa)DE-He213 Kulathunga, M aut Somaratne, S aut Srikanth, S aut Kathriarachchi, S aut De Silva, Ranil aut Enthalten in BMC Research Notes London, 2008 3(2010), 1 vom: 26. Okt. (DE-627)559431805 (DE-600)2413336-X 1756-0500 nnns volume:3 year:2010 number:1 day:26 month:10 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-3-268 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 3 2010 1 26 10 |
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10.1186/1756-0500-3-268 doi (DE-627)SPR030272289 (SPR)1756-0500-3-268-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Umayal, S verfasserin aut Validation of a functional screening instrument for dementia in an elderly sri lankan population: comparison of modified bristol and blessed activities of daily living scales 2010 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © De Silva et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2010 Background Cognitive tests have been used in population surveys as first stage screens for dementia but are biased by education. However functional ability scales are less biased by education than the cognitive scale and thus can be used in screening for dementia. Objective To validate Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale appropriate for use in assessing the presence of dementia in an elderly population living in care homes in Sri Lanka. Method Sinhalese version of the modified Bristol and Blessed scale was administered to subjects aged 55 years and above residing in 14 randomly selected elders' homes. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) was used to determine the cut-off scores of both the scales. Results Based on the ROC analysis, optimal cut off score of the modified Bristol scale was 20 with a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 74.2% and the area under the curve 0.933(95% CI: 0.871-0.995) while the optimal cut off score of the modified Blessed scale was 10.5 with a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 71% and the area under the curve 0.892 (95% CI: 0.816-0.967). Conclusion The findings confirm that both the scales can be used in screening for dementia in the elderly living in care homes in Sri Lanka. Dementia (dpeaa)DE-He213 Care Home (dpeaa)DE-He213 Clinical Dementia Rate (dpeaa)DE-He213 Clinical Dementia Rate Score (dpeaa)DE-He213 Questionable Dementia (dpeaa)DE-He213 Kulathunga, M aut Somaratne, S aut Srikanth, S aut Kathriarachchi, S aut De Silva, Ranil aut Enthalten in BMC Research Notes London, 2008 3(2010), 1 vom: 26. Okt. (DE-627)559431805 (DE-600)2413336-X 1756-0500 nnns volume:3 year:2010 number:1 day:26 month:10 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-3-268 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 3 2010 1 26 10 |
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Umayal, S misc Dementia misc Care Home misc Clinical Dementia Rate misc Clinical Dementia Rate Score misc Questionable Dementia Validation of a functional screening instrument for dementia in an elderly sri lankan population: comparison of modified bristol and blessed activities of daily living scales |
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Validation of a functional screening instrument for dementia in an elderly sri lankan population: comparison of modified bristol and blessed activities of daily living scales Dementia (dpeaa)DE-He213 Care Home (dpeaa)DE-He213 Clinical Dementia Rate (dpeaa)DE-He213 Clinical Dementia Rate Score (dpeaa)DE-He213 Questionable Dementia (dpeaa)DE-He213 |
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validation of a functional screening instrument for dementia in an elderly sri lankan population: comparison of modified bristol and blessed activities of daily living scales |
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Validation of a functional screening instrument for dementia in an elderly sri lankan population: comparison of modified bristol and blessed activities of daily living scales |
abstract |
Background Cognitive tests have been used in population surveys as first stage screens for dementia but are biased by education. However functional ability scales are less biased by education than the cognitive scale and thus can be used in screening for dementia. Objective To validate Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale appropriate for use in assessing the presence of dementia in an elderly population living in care homes in Sri Lanka. Method Sinhalese version of the modified Bristol and Blessed scale was administered to subjects aged 55 years and above residing in 14 randomly selected elders' homes. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) was used to determine the cut-off scores of both the scales. Results Based on the ROC analysis, optimal cut off score of the modified Bristol scale was 20 with a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 74.2% and the area under the curve 0.933(95% CI: 0.871-0.995) while the optimal cut off score of the modified Blessed scale was 10.5 with a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 71% and the area under the curve 0.892 (95% CI: 0.816-0.967). Conclusion The findings confirm that both the scales can be used in screening for dementia in the elderly living in care homes in Sri Lanka. © De Silva et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2010 |
abstractGer |
Background Cognitive tests have been used in population surveys as first stage screens for dementia but are biased by education. However functional ability scales are less biased by education than the cognitive scale and thus can be used in screening for dementia. Objective To validate Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale appropriate for use in assessing the presence of dementia in an elderly population living in care homes in Sri Lanka. Method Sinhalese version of the modified Bristol and Blessed scale was administered to subjects aged 55 years and above residing in 14 randomly selected elders' homes. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) was used to determine the cut-off scores of both the scales. Results Based on the ROC analysis, optimal cut off score of the modified Bristol scale was 20 with a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 74.2% and the area under the curve 0.933(95% CI: 0.871-0.995) while the optimal cut off score of the modified Blessed scale was 10.5 with a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 71% and the area under the curve 0.892 (95% CI: 0.816-0.967). Conclusion The findings confirm that both the scales can be used in screening for dementia in the elderly living in care homes in Sri Lanka. © De Silva et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2010 |
abstract_unstemmed |
Background Cognitive tests have been used in population surveys as first stage screens for dementia but are biased by education. However functional ability scales are less biased by education than the cognitive scale and thus can be used in screening for dementia. Objective To validate Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale appropriate for use in assessing the presence of dementia in an elderly population living in care homes in Sri Lanka. Method Sinhalese version of the modified Bristol and Blessed scale was administered to subjects aged 55 years and above residing in 14 randomly selected elders' homes. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) was used to determine the cut-off scores of both the scales. Results Based on the ROC analysis, optimal cut off score of the modified Bristol scale was 20 with a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 74.2% and the area under the curve 0.933(95% CI: 0.871-0.995) while the optimal cut off score of the modified Blessed scale was 10.5 with a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 71% and the area under the curve 0.892 (95% CI: 0.816-0.967). Conclusion The findings confirm that both the scales can be used in screening for dementia in the elderly living in care homes in Sri Lanka. © De Silva et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2010 |
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Validation of a functional screening instrument for dementia in an elderly sri lankan population: comparison of modified bristol and blessed activities of daily living scales |
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However functional ability scales are less biased by education than the cognitive scale and thus can be used in screening for dementia. Objective To validate Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale appropriate for use in assessing the presence of dementia in an elderly population living in care homes in Sri Lanka. Method Sinhalese version of the modified Bristol and Blessed scale was administered to subjects aged 55 years and above residing in 14 randomly selected elders' homes. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) was used to determine the cut-off scores of both the scales. Results Based on the ROC analysis, optimal cut off score of the modified Bristol scale was 20 with a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 74.2% and the area under the curve 0.933(95% CI: 0.871-0.995) while the optimal cut off score of the modified Blessed scale was 10.5 with a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 71% and the area under the curve 0.892 (95% CI: 0.816-0.967). 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