Trans-generational epigenetic regulation of C. elegans primordial germ cells

Background The processes through which the germline maintains its continuity across generations has long been the focus of biological research. Recent studies have suggested that germline continuity can involve epigenetic regulation, including regulation of histone modifications. However, it is not...
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Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Furuhashi, Hirofumi [verfasserIn] Takasaki, Teruaki Rechtsteiner, Andreas Li, Tengguo Kimura, Hiroshi Checchi, Paula M Strome, Susan Kelly, William G

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2010

Schlagwörter:	Germ Cell Primordial Germ Cell H3K36 Methylation Somatic Nucleus Ongoing Transcription

Anmerkung:	© Furuhashi et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2010. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Epigenetics & chromatin - London : BioMed Central, 2008, 3(2010), 1 vom: 12. Aug.
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:3 ; year:2010 ; number:1 ; day:12 ; month:08

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1186/1756-8935-3-15

Katalog-ID:	SPR030478332

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520			\|a Background The processes through which the germline maintains its continuity across generations has long been the focus of biological research. Recent studies have suggested that germline continuity can involve epigenetic regulation, including regulation of histone modifications. However, it is not clear how histone modifications generated in one generation can influence the transcription program and development of germ cells of the next. Results We show that the histone H3K36 methyltransferase maternal effect sterile (MES)-4 is an epigenetic modifier that prevents aberrant transcription activity in Caenorhabditis elegans primordial germ cells (PGCs). In mes-4 mutant PGCs, RNA Pol II activation is abnormally regulated and the PGCs degenerate. Genetic and genomewide analyses of MES-4-mediated H3K36 methylation suggest that MES-4 activity can operate independently of ongoing transcription, and may be predominantly responsible for maintenance methylation of H3K36 in germline-expressed loci. Conclusions Our data suggest a model in which MES-4 helps to maintain an 'epigenetic memory' of transcription that occurred in germ cells of previous generations, and that MES-4 and its epigenetic product are essential for normal germ cell development.
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author_variant	h f hf t t tt a r ar t l tl h k hk p m c pm pmc s s ss w g k wg wgk
matchkey_str	article:17568935:2010----::rngnrtoaeieeirgltooclgnp
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allfields	10.1186/1756-8935-3-15 doi (DE-627)SPR030478332 (SPR)1756-8935-3-15-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Furuhashi, Hirofumi verfasserin aut Trans-generational epigenetic regulation of C. elegans primordial germ cells 2010 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Furuhashi et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2010. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( Background The processes through which the germline maintains its continuity across generations has long been the focus of biological research. Recent studies have suggested that germline continuity can involve epigenetic regulation, including regulation of histone modifications. However, it is not clear how histone modifications generated in one generation can influence the transcription program and development of germ cells of the next. Results We show that the histone H3K36 methyltransferase maternal effect sterile (MES)-4 is an epigenetic modifier that prevents aberrant transcription activity in Caenorhabditis elegans primordial germ cells (PGCs). In mes-4 mutant PGCs, RNA Pol II activation is abnormally regulated and the PGCs degenerate. Genetic and genomewide analyses of MES-4-mediated H3K36 methylation suggest that MES-4 activity can operate independently of ongoing transcription, and may be predominantly responsible for maintenance methylation of H3K36 in germline-expressed loci. Conclusions Our data suggest a model in which MES-4 helps to maintain an 'epigenetic memory' of transcription that occurred in germ cells of previous generations, and that MES-4 and its epigenetic product are essential for normal germ cell development. Germ Cell (dpeaa)DE-He213 Primordial Germ Cell (dpeaa)DE-He213 H3K36 Methylation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Somatic Nucleus (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ongoing Transcription (dpeaa)DE-He213 Takasaki, Teruaki aut Rechtsteiner, Andreas aut Li, Tengguo aut Kimura, Hiroshi aut Checchi, Paula M aut Strome, Susan aut Kelly, William G aut Enthalten in Epigenetics & chromatin London : BioMed Central, 2008 3(2010), 1 vom: 12. Aug. (DE-627)584406908 (DE-600)2462129-8 1756-8935 nnns volume:3 year:2010 number:1 day:12 month:08 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-8935-3-15 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 3 2010 1 12 08
spelling	10.1186/1756-8935-3-15 doi (DE-627)SPR030478332 (SPR)1756-8935-3-15-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Furuhashi, Hirofumi verfasserin aut Trans-generational epigenetic regulation of C. elegans primordial germ cells 2010 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Furuhashi et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2010. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( Background The processes through which the germline maintains its continuity across generations has long been the focus of biological research. Recent studies have suggested that germline continuity can involve epigenetic regulation, including regulation of histone modifications. However, it is not clear how histone modifications generated in one generation can influence the transcription program and development of germ cells of the next. Results We show that the histone H3K36 methyltransferase maternal effect sterile (MES)-4 is an epigenetic modifier that prevents aberrant transcription activity in Caenorhabditis elegans primordial germ cells (PGCs). In mes-4 mutant PGCs, RNA Pol II activation is abnormally regulated and the PGCs degenerate. Genetic and genomewide analyses of MES-4-mediated H3K36 methylation suggest that MES-4 activity can operate independently of ongoing transcription, and may be predominantly responsible for maintenance methylation of H3K36 in germline-expressed loci. Conclusions Our data suggest a model in which MES-4 helps to maintain an 'epigenetic memory' of transcription that occurred in germ cells of previous generations, and that MES-4 and its epigenetic product are essential for normal germ cell development. Germ Cell (dpeaa)DE-He213 Primordial Germ Cell (dpeaa)DE-He213 H3K36 Methylation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Somatic Nucleus (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ongoing Transcription (dpeaa)DE-He213 Takasaki, Teruaki aut Rechtsteiner, Andreas aut Li, Tengguo aut Kimura, Hiroshi aut Checchi, Paula M aut Strome, Susan aut Kelly, William G aut Enthalten in Epigenetics & chromatin London : BioMed Central, 2008 3(2010), 1 vom: 12. Aug. (DE-627)584406908 (DE-600)2462129-8 1756-8935 nnns volume:3 year:2010 number:1 day:12 month:08 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-8935-3-15 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 3 2010 1 12 08
allfields_unstemmed	10.1186/1756-8935-3-15 doi (DE-627)SPR030478332 (SPR)1756-8935-3-15-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Furuhashi, Hirofumi verfasserin aut Trans-generational epigenetic regulation of C. elegans primordial germ cells 2010 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Furuhashi et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2010. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( Background The processes through which the germline maintains its continuity across generations has long been the focus of biological research. Recent studies have suggested that germline continuity can involve epigenetic regulation, including regulation of histone modifications. However, it is not clear how histone modifications generated in one generation can influence the transcription program and development of germ cells of the next. Results We show that the histone H3K36 methyltransferase maternal effect sterile (MES)-4 is an epigenetic modifier that prevents aberrant transcription activity in Caenorhabditis elegans primordial germ cells (PGCs). In mes-4 mutant PGCs, RNA Pol II activation is abnormally regulated and the PGCs degenerate. Genetic and genomewide analyses of MES-4-mediated H3K36 methylation suggest that MES-4 activity can operate independently of ongoing transcription, and may be predominantly responsible for maintenance methylation of H3K36 in germline-expressed loci. Conclusions Our data suggest a model in which MES-4 helps to maintain an 'epigenetic memory' of transcription that occurred in germ cells of previous generations, and that MES-4 and its epigenetic product are essential for normal germ cell development. Germ Cell (dpeaa)DE-He213 Primordial Germ Cell (dpeaa)DE-He213 H3K36 Methylation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Somatic Nucleus (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ongoing Transcription (dpeaa)DE-He213 Takasaki, Teruaki aut Rechtsteiner, Andreas aut Li, Tengguo aut Kimura, Hiroshi aut Checchi, Paula M aut Strome, Susan aut Kelly, William G aut Enthalten in Epigenetics & chromatin London : BioMed Central, 2008 3(2010), 1 vom: 12. Aug. (DE-627)584406908 (DE-600)2462129-8 1756-8935 nnns volume:3 year:2010 number:1 day:12 month:08 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-8935-3-15 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 3 2010 1 12 08
allfieldsGer	10.1186/1756-8935-3-15 doi (DE-627)SPR030478332 (SPR)1756-8935-3-15-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Furuhashi, Hirofumi verfasserin aut Trans-generational epigenetic regulation of C. elegans primordial germ cells 2010 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Furuhashi et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2010. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( Background The processes through which the germline maintains its continuity across generations has long been the focus of biological research. Recent studies have suggested that germline continuity can involve epigenetic regulation, including regulation of histone modifications. However, it is not clear how histone modifications generated in one generation can influence the transcription program and development of germ cells of the next. Results We show that the histone H3K36 methyltransferase maternal effect sterile (MES)-4 is an epigenetic modifier that prevents aberrant transcription activity in Caenorhabditis elegans primordial germ cells (PGCs). In mes-4 mutant PGCs, RNA Pol II activation is abnormally regulated and the PGCs degenerate. Genetic and genomewide analyses of MES-4-mediated H3K36 methylation suggest that MES-4 activity can operate independently of ongoing transcription, and may be predominantly responsible for maintenance methylation of H3K36 in germline-expressed loci. Conclusions Our data suggest a model in which MES-4 helps to maintain an 'epigenetic memory' of transcription that occurred in germ cells of previous generations, and that MES-4 and its epigenetic product are essential for normal germ cell development. Germ Cell (dpeaa)DE-He213 Primordial Germ Cell (dpeaa)DE-He213 H3K36 Methylation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Somatic Nucleus (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ongoing Transcription (dpeaa)DE-He213 Takasaki, Teruaki aut Rechtsteiner, Andreas aut Li, Tengguo aut Kimura, Hiroshi aut Checchi, Paula M aut Strome, Susan aut Kelly, William G aut Enthalten in Epigenetics & chromatin London : BioMed Central, 2008 3(2010), 1 vom: 12. Aug. (DE-627)584406908 (DE-600)2462129-8 1756-8935 nnns volume:3 year:2010 number:1 day:12 month:08 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-8935-3-15 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 3 2010 1 12 08
allfieldsSound	10.1186/1756-8935-3-15 doi (DE-627)SPR030478332 (SPR)1756-8935-3-15-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Furuhashi, Hirofumi verfasserin aut Trans-generational epigenetic regulation of C. elegans primordial germ cells 2010 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Furuhashi et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2010. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( Background The processes through which the germline maintains its continuity across generations has long been the focus of biological research. Recent studies have suggested that germline continuity can involve epigenetic regulation, including regulation of histone modifications. However, it is not clear how histone modifications generated in one generation can influence the transcription program and development of germ cells of the next. Results We show that the histone H3K36 methyltransferase maternal effect sterile (MES)-4 is an epigenetic modifier that prevents aberrant transcription activity in Caenorhabditis elegans primordial germ cells (PGCs). In mes-4 mutant PGCs, RNA Pol II activation is abnormally regulated and the PGCs degenerate. Genetic and genomewide analyses of MES-4-mediated H3K36 methylation suggest that MES-4 activity can operate independently of ongoing transcription, and may be predominantly responsible for maintenance methylation of H3K36 in germline-expressed loci. Conclusions Our data suggest a model in which MES-4 helps to maintain an 'epigenetic memory' of transcription that occurred in germ cells of previous generations, and that MES-4 and its epigenetic product are essential for normal germ cell development. Germ Cell (dpeaa)DE-He213 Primordial Germ Cell (dpeaa)DE-He213 H3K36 Methylation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Somatic Nucleus (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ongoing Transcription (dpeaa)DE-He213 Takasaki, Teruaki aut Rechtsteiner, Andreas aut Li, Tengguo aut Kimura, Hiroshi aut Checchi, Paula M aut Strome, Susan aut Kelly, William G aut Enthalten in Epigenetics & chromatin London : BioMed Central, 2008 3(2010), 1 vom: 12. Aug. (DE-627)584406908 (DE-600)2462129-8 1756-8935 nnns volume:3 year:2010 number:1 day:12 month:08 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-8935-3-15 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 3 2010 1 12 08
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source	Enthalten in Epigenetics & chromatin 3(2010), 1 vom: 12. Aug. volume:3 year:2010 number:1 day:12 month:08
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authorswithroles_txt_mv	Furuhashi, Hirofumi @@aut@@ Takasaki, Teruaki @@aut@@ Rechtsteiner, Andreas @@aut@@ Li, Tengguo @@aut@@ Kimura, Hiroshi @@aut@@ Checchi, Paula M @@aut@@ Strome, Susan @@aut@@ Kelly, William G @@aut@@
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Background The processes through which the germline maintains its continuity across generations has long been the focus of biological research. Recent studies have suggested that germline continuity can involve epigenetic regulation, including regulation of histone modifications. However, it is not clear how histone modifications generated in one generation can influence the transcription program and development of germ cells of the next. Results We show that the histone H3K36 methyltransferase maternal effect sterile (MES)-4 is an epigenetic modifier that prevents aberrant transcription activity in Caenorhabditis elegans primordial germ cells (PGCs). 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author	Furuhashi, Hirofumi
spellingShingle	Furuhashi, Hirofumi misc Germ Cell misc Primordial Germ Cell misc H3K36 Methylation misc Somatic Nucleus misc Ongoing Transcription Trans-generational epigenetic regulation of C. elegans primordial germ cells
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topic_title	Trans-generational epigenetic regulation of C. elegans primordial germ cells Germ Cell (dpeaa)DE-He213 Primordial Germ Cell (dpeaa)DE-He213 H3K36 Methylation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Somatic Nucleus (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ongoing Transcription (dpeaa)DE-He213
topic	misc Germ Cell misc Primordial Germ Cell misc H3K36 Methylation misc Somatic Nucleus misc Ongoing Transcription
topic_unstemmed	misc Germ Cell misc Primordial Germ Cell misc H3K36 Methylation misc Somatic Nucleus misc Ongoing Transcription
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title	Trans-generational epigenetic regulation of C. elegans primordial germ cells
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title_sort	trans-generational epigenetic regulation of c. elegans primordial germ cells
title_auth	Trans-generational epigenetic regulation of C. elegans primordial germ cells
abstract	Background The processes through which the germline maintains its continuity across generations has long been the focus of biological research. Recent studies have suggested that germline continuity can involve epigenetic regulation, including regulation of histone modifications. However, it is not clear how histone modifications generated in one generation can influence the transcription program and development of germ cells of the next. Results We show that the histone H3K36 methyltransferase maternal effect sterile (MES)-4 is an epigenetic modifier that prevents aberrant transcription activity in Caenorhabditis elegans primordial germ cells (PGCs). In mes-4 mutant PGCs, RNA Pol II activation is abnormally regulated and the PGCs degenerate. Genetic and genomewide analyses of MES-4-mediated H3K36 methylation suggest that MES-4 activity can operate independently of ongoing transcription, and may be predominantly responsible for maintenance methylation of H3K36 in germline-expressed loci. Conclusions Our data suggest a model in which MES-4 helps to maintain an 'epigenetic memory' of transcription that occurred in germ cells of previous generations, and that MES-4 and its epigenetic product are essential for normal germ cell development. © Furuhashi et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2010. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (
abstractGer	Background The processes through which the germline maintains its continuity across generations has long been the focus of biological research. Recent studies have suggested that germline continuity can involve epigenetic regulation, including regulation of histone modifications. However, it is not clear how histone modifications generated in one generation can influence the transcription program and development of germ cells of the next. Results We show that the histone H3K36 methyltransferase maternal effect sterile (MES)-4 is an epigenetic modifier that prevents aberrant transcription activity in Caenorhabditis elegans primordial germ cells (PGCs). In mes-4 mutant PGCs, RNA Pol II activation is abnormally regulated and the PGCs degenerate. Genetic and genomewide analyses of MES-4-mediated H3K36 methylation suggest that MES-4 activity can operate independently of ongoing transcription, and may be predominantly responsible for maintenance methylation of H3K36 in germline-expressed loci. Conclusions Our data suggest a model in which MES-4 helps to maintain an 'epigenetic memory' of transcription that occurred in germ cells of previous generations, and that MES-4 and its epigenetic product are essential for normal germ cell development. © Furuhashi et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2010. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (
abstract_unstemmed	Background The processes through which the germline maintains its continuity across generations has long been the focus of biological research. Recent studies have suggested that germline continuity can involve epigenetic regulation, including regulation of histone modifications. However, it is not clear how histone modifications generated in one generation can influence the transcription program and development of germ cells of the next. Results We show that the histone H3K36 methyltransferase maternal effect sterile (MES)-4 is an epigenetic modifier that prevents aberrant transcription activity in Caenorhabditis elegans primordial germ cells (PGCs). In mes-4 mutant PGCs, RNA Pol II activation is abnormally regulated and the PGCs degenerate. Genetic and genomewide analyses of MES-4-mediated H3K36 methylation suggest that MES-4 activity can operate independently of ongoing transcription, and may be predominantly responsible for maintenance methylation of H3K36 in germline-expressed loci. Conclusions Our data suggest a model in which MES-4 helps to maintain an 'epigenetic memory' of transcription that occurred in germ cells of previous generations, and that MES-4 and its epigenetic product are essential for normal germ cell development. © Furuhashi et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2010. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (
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title_short	Trans-generational epigenetic regulation of C. elegans primordial germ cells
url	https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-8935-3-15
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author2	Takasaki, Teruaki Rechtsteiner, Andreas Li, Tengguo Kimura, Hiroshi Checchi, Paula M Strome, Susan Kelly, William G
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Background The processes through which the germline maintains its continuity across generations has long been the focus of biological research. Recent studies have suggested that germline continuity can involve epigenetic regulation, including regulation of histone modifications. However, it is not clear how histone modifications generated in one generation can influence the transcription program and development of germ cells of the next. Results We show that the histone H3K36 methyltransferase maternal effect sterile (MES)-4 is an epigenetic modifier that prevents aberrant transcription activity in Caenorhabditis elegans primordial germ cells (PGCs). In mes-4 mutant PGCs, RNA Pol II activation is abnormally regulated and the PGCs degenerate. Genetic and genomewide analyses of MES-4-mediated H3K36 methylation suggest that MES-4 activity can operate independently of ongoing transcription, and may be predominantly responsible for maintenance methylation of H3K36 in germline-expressed loci. 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Trans-generational epigenetic regulation of C. elegans primordial germ cells

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