Wolf (Canis lupus) and elk (Alces alces): The killing of prey
Abstract The process of killing of an elk by wolves (from the first grip to death) was investigated. Applying the methodology developed by the author for locating the grips (bites) according to tufts of elk wool cut or torn out by a predator from the prey’s body, the sequence and frequency of grips...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Kochetkov, V. V. [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2012 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Anmerkung: |
© Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. 2012 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Biology bulletin reviews - Moscow : MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica Publ., 2011, 2(2012), 6 vom: Nov., Seite 479-486 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:2 ; year:2012 ; number:6 ; month:11 ; pages:479-486 |
| Links: |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1134/S2079086412060060 |
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| Katalog-ID: |
SPR031374581 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Kochetkov, V. V. |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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| 520 | |a Abstract The process of killing of an elk by wolves (from the first grip to death) was investigated. Applying the methodology developed by the author for locating the grips (bites) according to tufts of elk wool cut or torn out by a predator from the prey’s body, the sequence and frequency of grips on the elk body were determined at different stages of the killing process. The greatest number of grips was inflicted to perineum (42.5%), thigh, shin (29.6%), and neck (16.5%), while the least number of grips was made into the belly (3.5%), head (3.5%), breast (2.6%), side (0.9%), and sacrum (0.9%). It was established that, during a killing, predators tended to immobilize the prey and damage the tendons of hind legs or grip vital places. When wolves grip an elk’s breast or neck, large veins or lungs are broken and an air embolism occurs, which causes the blockage of blood vessels and the rapid death of the prey. When killing prey, a pair of wolves (adult male and female) produces fewer grips but damages the vital points, while a family of wolves (pack) injures different parts of the body, making more grips. The latter is associated with the final stage of training the young individuals in killing the prey. This stage was preceded by a training course in hunting small and mid-sized wild and domestic animals. Young wolves first learn to hunt cattle, mostly calves; only after this do they participate in the hunt for elk. General regularities of the killing characteristics of the whole population, pairs, and packs (families) were established. | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a wolf |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a elk |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a killing |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a grips (bites) |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
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10.1134/S2079086412060060 doi (DE-627)SPR031374581 (SPR)S2079086412060060-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Kochetkov, V. V. verfasserin aut Wolf (Canis lupus) and elk (Alces alces): The killing of prey 2012 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. 2012 Abstract The process of killing of an elk by wolves (from the first grip to death) was investigated. Applying the methodology developed by the author for locating the grips (bites) according to tufts of elk wool cut or torn out by a predator from the prey’s body, the sequence and frequency of grips on the elk body were determined at different stages of the killing process. The greatest number of grips was inflicted to perineum (42.5%), thigh, shin (29.6%), and neck (16.5%), while the least number of grips was made into the belly (3.5%), head (3.5%), breast (2.6%), side (0.9%), and sacrum (0.9%). It was established that, during a killing, predators tended to immobilize the prey and damage the tendons of hind legs or grip vital places. When wolves grip an elk’s breast or neck, large veins or lungs are broken and an air embolism occurs, which causes the blockage of blood vessels and the rapid death of the prey. When killing prey, a pair of wolves (adult male and female) produces fewer grips but damages the vital points, while a family of wolves (pack) injures different parts of the body, making more grips. The latter is associated with the final stage of training the young individuals in killing the prey. This stage was preceded by a training course in hunting small and mid-sized wild and domestic animals. Young wolves first learn to hunt cattle, mostly calves; only after this do they participate in the hunt for elk. General regularities of the killing characteristics of the whole population, pairs, and packs (families) were established. wolf (dpeaa)DE-He213 elk (dpeaa)DE-He213 killing (dpeaa)DE-He213 grips (bites) (dpeaa)DE-He213 Enthalten in Biology bulletin reviews Moscow : MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica Publ., 2011 2(2012), 6 vom: Nov., Seite 479-486 (DE-627)647307227 (DE-600)2595495-7 2079-0872 nnns volume:2 year:2012 number:6 month:11 pages:479-486 https://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S2079086412060060 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2070 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 2 2012 6 11 479-486 |
| spelling |
10.1134/S2079086412060060 doi (DE-627)SPR031374581 (SPR)S2079086412060060-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Kochetkov, V. V. verfasserin aut Wolf (Canis lupus) and elk (Alces alces): The killing of prey 2012 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. 2012 Abstract The process of killing of an elk by wolves (from the first grip to death) was investigated. Applying the methodology developed by the author for locating the grips (bites) according to tufts of elk wool cut or torn out by a predator from the prey’s body, the sequence and frequency of grips on the elk body were determined at different stages of the killing process. The greatest number of grips was inflicted to perineum (42.5%), thigh, shin (29.6%), and neck (16.5%), while the least number of grips was made into the belly (3.5%), head (3.5%), breast (2.6%), side (0.9%), and sacrum (0.9%). It was established that, during a killing, predators tended to immobilize the prey and damage the tendons of hind legs or grip vital places. When wolves grip an elk’s breast or neck, large veins or lungs are broken and an air embolism occurs, which causes the blockage of blood vessels and the rapid death of the prey. When killing prey, a pair of wolves (adult male and female) produces fewer grips but damages the vital points, while a family of wolves (pack) injures different parts of the body, making more grips. The latter is associated with the final stage of training the young individuals in killing the prey. This stage was preceded by a training course in hunting small and mid-sized wild and domestic animals. Young wolves first learn to hunt cattle, mostly calves; only after this do they participate in the hunt for elk. General regularities of the killing characteristics of the whole population, pairs, and packs (families) were established. wolf (dpeaa)DE-He213 elk (dpeaa)DE-He213 killing (dpeaa)DE-He213 grips (bites) (dpeaa)DE-He213 Enthalten in Biology bulletin reviews Moscow : MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica Publ., 2011 2(2012), 6 vom: Nov., Seite 479-486 (DE-627)647307227 (DE-600)2595495-7 2079-0872 nnns volume:2 year:2012 number:6 month:11 pages:479-486 https://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S2079086412060060 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2070 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 2 2012 6 11 479-486 |
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10.1134/S2079086412060060 doi (DE-627)SPR031374581 (SPR)S2079086412060060-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Kochetkov, V. V. verfasserin aut Wolf (Canis lupus) and elk (Alces alces): The killing of prey 2012 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. 2012 Abstract The process of killing of an elk by wolves (from the first grip to death) was investigated. Applying the methodology developed by the author for locating the grips (bites) according to tufts of elk wool cut or torn out by a predator from the prey’s body, the sequence and frequency of grips on the elk body were determined at different stages of the killing process. The greatest number of grips was inflicted to perineum (42.5%), thigh, shin (29.6%), and neck (16.5%), while the least number of grips was made into the belly (3.5%), head (3.5%), breast (2.6%), side (0.9%), and sacrum (0.9%). It was established that, during a killing, predators tended to immobilize the prey and damage the tendons of hind legs or grip vital places. When wolves grip an elk’s breast or neck, large veins or lungs are broken and an air embolism occurs, which causes the blockage of blood vessels and the rapid death of the prey. When killing prey, a pair of wolves (adult male and female) produces fewer grips but damages the vital points, while a family of wolves (pack) injures different parts of the body, making more grips. The latter is associated with the final stage of training the young individuals in killing the prey. This stage was preceded by a training course in hunting small and mid-sized wild and domestic animals. Young wolves first learn to hunt cattle, mostly calves; only after this do they participate in the hunt for elk. General regularities of the killing characteristics of the whole population, pairs, and packs (families) were established. wolf (dpeaa)DE-He213 elk (dpeaa)DE-He213 killing (dpeaa)DE-He213 grips (bites) (dpeaa)DE-He213 Enthalten in Biology bulletin reviews Moscow : MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica Publ., 2011 2(2012), 6 vom: Nov., Seite 479-486 (DE-627)647307227 (DE-600)2595495-7 2079-0872 nnns volume:2 year:2012 number:6 month:11 pages:479-486 https://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S2079086412060060 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2070 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 2 2012 6 11 479-486 |
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10.1134/S2079086412060060 doi (DE-627)SPR031374581 (SPR)S2079086412060060-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Kochetkov, V. V. verfasserin aut Wolf (Canis lupus) and elk (Alces alces): The killing of prey 2012 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. 2012 Abstract The process of killing of an elk by wolves (from the first grip to death) was investigated. Applying the methodology developed by the author for locating the grips (bites) according to tufts of elk wool cut or torn out by a predator from the prey’s body, the sequence and frequency of grips on the elk body were determined at different stages of the killing process. The greatest number of grips was inflicted to perineum (42.5%), thigh, shin (29.6%), and neck (16.5%), while the least number of grips was made into the belly (3.5%), head (3.5%), breast (2.6%), side (0.9%), and sacrum (0.9%). It was established that, during a killing, predators tended to immobilize the prey and damage the tendons of hind legs or grip vital places. When wolves grip an elk’s breast or neck, large veins or lungs are broken and an air embolism occurs, which causes the blockage of blood vessels and the rapid death of the prey. When killing prey, a pair of wolves (adult male and female) produces fewer grips but damages the vital points, while a family of wolves (pack) injures different parts of the body, making more grips. The latter is associated with the final stage of training the young individuals in killing the prey. This stage was preceded by a training course in hunting small and mid-sized wild and domestic animals. Young wolves first learn to hunt cattle, mostly calves; only after this do they participate in the hunt for elk. General regularities of the killing characteristics of the whole population, pairs, and packs (families) were established. wolf (dpeaa)DE-He213 elk (dpeaa)DE-He213 killing (dpeaa)DE-He213 grips (bites) (dpeaa)DE-He213 Enthalten in Biology bulletin reviews Moscow : MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica Publ., 2011 2(2012), 6 vom: Nov., Seite 479-486 (DE-627)647307227 (DE-600)2595495-7 2079-0872 nnns volume:2 year:2012 number:6 month:11 pages:479-486 https://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S2079086412060060 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2070 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 2 2012 6 11 479-486 |
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10.1134/S2079086412060060 doi (DE-627)SPR031374581 (SPR)S2079086412060060-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Kochetkov, V. V. verfasserin aut Wolf (Canis lupus) and elk (Alces alces): The killing of prey 2012 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. 2012 Abstract The process of killing of an elk by wolves (from the first grip to death) was investigated. Applying the methodology developed by the author for locating the grips (bites) according to tufts of elk wool cut or torn out by a predator from the prey’s body, the sequence and frequency of grips on the elk body were determined at different stages of the killing process. The greatest number of grips was inflicted to perineum (42.5%), thigh, shin (29.6%), and neck (16.5%), while the least number of grips was made into the belly (3.5%), head (3.5%), breast (2.6%), side (0.9%), and sacrum (0.9%). It was established that, during a killing, predators tended to immobilize the prey and damage the tendons of hind legs or grip vital places. When wolves grip an elk’s breast or neck, large veins or lungs are broken and an air embolism occurs, which causes the blockage of blood vessels and the rapid death of the prey. When killing prey, a pair of wolves (adult male and female) produces fewer grips but damages the vital points, while a family of wolves (pack) injures different parts of the body, making more grips. The latter is associated with the final stage of training the young individuals in killing the prey. This stage was preceded by a training course in hunting small and mid-sized wild and domestic animals. Young wolves first learn to hunt cattle, mostly calves; only after this do they participate in the hunt for elk. General regularities of the killing characteristics of the whole population, pairs, and packs (families) were established. wolf (dpeaa)DE-He213 elk (dpeaa)DE-He213 killing (dpeaa)DE-He213 grips (bites) (dpeaa)DE-He213 Enthalten in Biology bulletin reviews Moscow : MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica Publ., 2011 2(2012), 6 vom: Nov., Seite 479-486 (DE-627)647307227 (DE-600)2595495-7 2079-0872 nnns volume:2 year:2012 number:6 month:11 pages:479-486 https://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S2079086412060060 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2070 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 2 2012 6 11 479-486 |
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Enthalten in Biology bulletin reviews 2(2012), 6 vom: Nov., Seite 479-486 volume:2 year:2012 number:6 month:11 pages:479-486 |
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Applying the methodology developed by the author for locating the grips (bites) according to tufts of elk wool cut or torn out by a predator from the prey’s body, the sequence and frequency of grips on the elk body were determined at different stages of the killing process. The greatest number of grips was inflicted to perineum (42.5%), thigh, shin (29.6%), and neck (16.5%), while the least number of grips was made into the belly (3.5%), head (3.5%), breast (2.6%), side (0.9%), and sacrum (0.9%). It was established that, during a killing, predators tended to immobilize the prey and damage the tendons of hind legs or grip vital places. When wolves grip an elk’s breast or neck, large veins or lungs are broken and an air embolism occurs, which causes the blockage of blood vessels and the rapid death of the prey. 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Kochetkov, V. V. |
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Kochetkov, V. V. misc wolf misc elk misc killing misc grips (bites) Wolf (Canis lupus) and elk (Alces alces): The killing of prey |
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Wolf (Canis lupus) and elk (Alces alces): The killing of prey wolf (dpeaa)DE-He213 elk (dpeaa)DE-He213 killing (dpeaa)DE-He213 grips (bites) (dpeaa)DE-He213 |
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Wolf (Canis lupus) and elk (Alces alces): The killing of prey |
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Wolf (Canis lupus) and elk (Alces alces): The killing of prey |
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wolf (canis lupus) and elk (alces alces): the killing of prey |
| title_auth |
Wolf (Canis lupus) and elk (Alces alces): The killing of prey |
| abstract |
Abstract The process of killing of an elk by wolves (from the first grip to death) was investigated. Applying the methodology developed by the author for locating the grips (bites) according to tufts of elk wool cut or torn out by a predator from the prey’s body, the sequence and frequency of grips on the elk body were determined at different stages of the killing process. The greatest number of grips was inflicted to perineum (42.5%), thigh, shin (29.6%), and neck (16.5%), while the least number of grips was made into the belly (3.5%), head (3.5%), breast (2.6%), side (0.9%), and sacrum (0.9%). It was established that, during a killing, predators tended to immobilize the prey and damage the tendons of hind legs or grip vital places. When wolves grip an elk’s breast or neck, large veins or lungs are broken and an air embolism occurs, which causes the blockage of blood vessels and the rapid death of the prey. When killing prey, a pair of wolves (adult male and female) produces fewer grips but damages the vital points, while a family of wolves (pack) injures different parts of the body, making more grips. The latter is associated with the final stage of training the young individuals in killing the prey. This stage was preceded by a training course in hunting small and mid-sized wild and domestic animals. Young wolves first learn to hunt cattle, mostly calves; only after this do they participate in the hunt for elk. General regularities of the killing characteristics of the whole population, pairs, and packs (families) were established. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. 2012 |
| abstractGer |
Abstract The process of killing of an elk by wolves (from the first grip to death) was investigated. Applying the methodology developed by the author for locating the grips (bites) according to tufts of elk wool cut or torn out by a predator from the prey’s body, the sequence and frequency of grips on the elk body were determined at different stages of the killing process. The greatest number of grips was inflicted to perineum (42.5%), thigh, shin (29.6%), and neck (16.5%), while the least number of grips was made into the belly (3.5%), head (3.5%), breast (2.6%), side (0.9%), and sacrum (0.9%). It was established that, during a killing, predators tended to immobilize the prey and damage the tendons of hind legs or grip vital places. When wolves grip an elk’s breast or neck, large veins or lungs are broken and an air embolism occurs, which causes the blockage of blood vessels and the rapid death of the prey. When killing prey, a pair of wolves (adult male and female) produces fewer grips but damages the vital points, while a family of wolves (pack) injures different parts of the body, making more grips. The latter is associated with the final stage of training the young individuals in killing the prey. This stage was preceded by a training course in hunting small and mid-sized wild and domestic animals. Young wolves first learn to hunt cattle, mostly calves; only after this do they participate in the hunt for elk. General regularities of the killing characteristics of the whole population, pairs, and packs (families) were established. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. 2012 |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Abstract The process of killing of an elk by wolves (from the first grip to death) was investigated. Applying the methodology developed by the author for locating the grips (bites) according to tufts of elk wool cut or torn out by a predator from the prey’s body, the sequence and frequency of grips on the elk body were determined at different stages of the killing process. The greatest number of grips was inflicted to perineum (42.5%), thigh, shin (29.6%), and neck (16.5%), while the least number of grips was made into the belly (3.5%), head (3.5%), breast (2.6%), side (0.9%), and sacrum (0.9%). It was established that, during a killing, predators tended to immobilize the prey and damage the tendons of hind legs or grip vital places. When wolves grip an elk’s breast or neck, large veins or lungs are broken and an air embolism occurs, which causes the blockage of blood vessels and the rapid death of the prey. When killing prey, a pair of wolves (adult male and female) produces fewer grips but damages the vital points, while a family of wolves (pack) injures different parts of the body, making more grips. The latter is associated with the final stage of training the young individuals in killing the prey. This stage was preceded by a training course in hunting small and mid-sized wild and domestic animals. Young wolves first learn to hunt cattle, mostly calves; only after this do they participate in the hunt for elk. General regularities of the killing characteristics of the whole population, pairs, and packs (families) were established. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. 2012 |
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| title_short |
Wolf (Canis lupus) and elk (Alces alces): The killing of prey |
| url |
https://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S2079086412060060 |
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| doi_str |
10.1134/S2079086412060060 |
| up_date |
2024-07-03T23:25:28.610Z |
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