Influence of early re-spacing on Sitka spruce branch structure

• Context The frequency, size, and insertion angle of primary branches are important determinants of wood quality and can be significantly influenced by silvicultural activities. • Aims This study quantified the long-term influence of early re-spacing on the branching characteristics of mature Sitka...
Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Auty, David [verfasserIn] Weiskittel, Aaron R. [verfasserIn] Achim, Alexis [verfasserIn] Moore, John R. [verfasserIn] Gardiner, Barry A. [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2011

Schlagwörter:	Wood quality Early re-spacing Maximum branch size Number of branches Branch angle Relative branch size

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Annals of forest science - Paris : Springer, 1999, 69(2011), 1 vom: 13. Okt., Seite 93-104
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:69 ; year:2011 ; number:1 ; day:13 ; month:10 ; pages:93-104

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1007/s13595-011-0141-8

Katalog-ID:	SPR031894569

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520			\|a • Context The frequency, size, and insertion angle of primary branches are important determinants of wood quality and can be significantly influenced by silvicultural activities. • Aims This study quantified the long-term influence of early re-spacing on the branching characteristics of mature Sitka spruce [Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.] trees growing in Northern Ireland, UK. The primary aim was to investigate whether any residual effect of stand density on branch attributes remained once the effect of changes in tree size variables had been considered, while a secondary objective was to test the performance of existing Sitka spruce branch models using the current dataset. • Methods Re-spacing treatments had corresponding stand densities of 2,858, 1,452, 725, 477, and 320 stems $ ha^{−1} $. Twenty-four trees were sampled when the stand was 57 years old and branch frequency, size, and insertion angle were recorded for model development. • Results Maximum branch diameter, insertion angle, and branch frequency were significantly influenced by re-spacing, while no effect was found for relative branch diameter distribution. Residual re-spacing effects were most noticeable on branch size, with only small differences between treatments for branch frequency and insertion angle. Existing models performed well despite the wider range of stand densities examined in the present study. • Conclusion The results indicate that early re-spacing from 1.9 $ m^{2} $ to wider than 2.6 $ m^{2} $ will result in branch attributes that are detrimental to Sitka spruce sawn timber quality.
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700	1		\|a Gardiner, Barry A. \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
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matchkey_str	article:1297966X:2011----::nlecoeryepcnostapue
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publishDate	2011
allfields	10.1007/s13595-011-0141-8 doi (DE-627)SPR031894569 (SPR)s13595-011-0141-8-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 630 640 ASE 48.00 bkl Auty, David verfasserin aut Influence of early re-spacing on Sitka spruce branch structure 2011 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier • Context The frequency, size, and insertion angle of primary branches are important determinants of wood quality and can be significantly influenced by silvicultural activities. • Aims This study quantified the long-term influence of early re-spacing on the branching characteristics of mature Sitka spruce [Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.] trees growing in Northern Ireland, UK. The primary aim was to investigate whether any residual effect of stand density on branch attributes remained once the effect of changes in tree size variables had been considered, while a secondary objective was to test the performance of existing Sitka spruce branch models using the current dataset. • Methods Re-spacing treatments had corresponding stand densities of 2,858, 1,452, 725, 477, and 320 stems $ ha^{−1} $. Twenty-four trees were sampled when the stand was 57 years old and branch frequency, size, and insertion angle were recorded for model development. • Results Maximum branch diameter, insertion angle, and branch frequency were significantly influenced by re-spacing, while no effect was found for relative branch diameter distribution. Residual re-spacing effects were most noticeable on branch size, with only small differences between treatments for branch frequency and insertion angle. Existing models performed well despite the wider range of stand densities examined in the present study. • Conclusion The results indicate that early re-spacing from 1.9 $ m^{2} $ to wider than 2.6 $ m^{2} $ will result in branch attributes that are detrimental to Sitka spruce sawn timber quality. Wood quality (dpeaa)DE-He213 Early re-spacing (dpeaa)DE-He213 Maximum branch size (dpeaa)DE-He213 Number of branches (dpeaa)DE-He213 Branch angle (dpeaa)DE-He213 Relative branch size (dpeaa)DE-He213 Weiskittel, Aaron R. verfasserin aut Achim, Alexis verfasserin aut Moore, John R. verfasserin aut Gardiner, Barry A. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Annals of forest science Paris : Springer, 1999 69(2011), 1 vom: 13. Okt., Seite 93-104 (DE-627)312842457 (DE-600)2012340-1 1297-966X nnns volume:69 year:2011 number:1 day:13 month:10 pages:93-104 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13595-011-0141-8 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OPC-FOR SSG-OPC-ASE GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2070 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 48.00 ASE AR 69 2011 1 13 10 93-104
spelling	10.1007/s13595-011-0141-8 doi (DE-627)SPR031894569 (SPR)s13595-011-0141-8-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 630 640 ASE 48.00 bkl Auty, David verfasserin aut Influence of early re-spacing on Sitka spruce branch structure 2011 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier • Context The frequency, size, and insertion angle of primary branches are important determinants of wood quality and can be significantly influenced by silvicultural activities. • Aims This study quantified the long-term influence of early re-spacing on the branching characteristics of mature Sitka spruce [Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.] trees growing in Northern Ireland, UK. The primary aim was to investigate whether any residual effect of stand density on branch attributes remained once the effect of changes in tree size variables had been considered, while a secondary objective was to test the performance of existing Sitka spruce branch models using the current dataset. • Methods Re-spacing treatments had corresponding stand densities of 2,858, 1,452, 725, 477, and 320 stems $ ha^{−1} $. Twenty-four trees were sampled when the stand was 57 years old and branch frequency, size, and insertion angle were recorded for model development. • Results Maximum branch diameter, insertion angle, and branch frequency were significantly influenced by re-spacing, while no effect was found for relative branch diameter distribution. Residual re-spacing effects were most noticeable on branch size, with only small differences between treatments for branch frequency and insertion angle. Existing models performed well despite the wider range of stand densities examined in the present study. • Conclusion The results indicate that early re-spacing from 1.9 $ m^{2} $ to wider than 2.6 $ m^{2} $ will result in branch attributes that are detrimental to Sitka spruce sawn timber quality. Wood quality (dpeaa)DE-He213 Early re-spacing (dpeaa)DE-He213 Maximum branch size (dpeaa)DE-He213 Number of branches (dpeaa)DE-He213 Branch angle (dpeaa)DE-He213 Relative branch size (dpeaa)DE-He213 Weiskittel, Aaron R. verfasserin aut Achim, Alexis verfasserin aut Moore, John R. verfasserin aut Gardiner, Barry A. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Annals of forest science Paris : Springer, 1999 69(2011), 1 vom: 13. Okt., Seite 93-104 (DE-627)312842457 (DE-600)2012340-1 1297-966X nnns volume:69 year:2011 number:1 day:13 month:10 pages:93-104 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13595-011-0141-8 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OPC-FOR SSG-OPC-ASE GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2070 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 48.00 ASE AR 69 2011 1 13 10 93-104
allfields_unstemmed	10.1007/s13595-011-0141-8 doi (DE-627)SPR031894569 (SPR)s13595-011-0141-8-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 630 640 ASE 48.00 bkl Auty, David verfasserin aut Influence of early re-spacing on Sitka spruce branch structure 2011 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier • Context The frequency, size, and insertion angle of primary branches are important determinants of wood quality and can be significantly influenced by silvicultural activities. • Aims This study quantified the long-term influence of early re-spacing on the branching characteristics of mature Sitka spruce [Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.] trees growing in Northern Ireland, UK. The primary aim was to investigate whether any residual effect of stand density on branch attributes remained once the effect of changes in tree size variables had been considered, while a secondary objective was to test the performance of existing Sitka spruce branch models using the current dataset. • Methods Re-spacing treatments had corresponding stand densities of 2,858, 1,452, 725, 477, and 320 stems $ ha^{−1} $. Twenty-four trees were sampled when the stand was 57 years old and branch frequency, size, and insertion angle were recorded for model development. • Results Maximum branch diameter, insertion angle, and branch frequency were significantly influenced by re-spacing, while no effect was found for relative branch diameter distribution. Residual re-spacing effects were most noticeable on branch size, with only small differences between treatments for branch frequency and insertion angle. Existing models performed well despite the wider range of stand densities examined in the present study. • Conclusion The results indicate that early re-spacing from 1.9 $ m^{2} $ to wider than 2.6 $ m^{2} $ will result in branch attributes that are detrimental to Sitka spruce sawn timber quality. Wood quality (dpeaa)DE-He213 Early re-spacing (dpeaa)DE-He213 Maximum branch size (dpeaa)DE-He213 Number of branches (dpeaa)DE-He213 Branch angle (dpeaa)DE-He213 Relative branch size (dpeaa)DE-He213 Weiskittel, Aaron R. verfasserin aut Achim, Alexis verfasserin aut Moore, John R. verfasserin aut Gardiner, Barry A. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Annals of forest science Paris : Springer, 1999 69(2011), 1 vom: 13. Okt., Seite 93-104 (DE-627)312842457 (DE-600)2012340-1 1297-966X nnns volume:69 year:2011 number:1 day:13 month:10 pages:93-104 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13595-011-0141-8 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OPC-FOR SSG-OPC-ASE GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2070 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 48.00 ASE AR 69 2011 1 13 10 93-104
allfieldsGer	10.1007/s13595-011-0141-8 doi (DE-627)SPR031894569 (SPR)s13595-011-0141-8-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 630 640 ASE 48.00 bkl Auty, David verfasserin aut Influence of early re-spacing on Sitka spruce branch structure 2011 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier • Context The frequency, size, and insertion angle of primary branches are important determinants of wood quality and can be significantly influenced by silvicultural activities. • Aims This study quantified the long-term influence of early re-spacing on the branching characteristics of mature Sitka spruce [Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.] trees growing in Northern Ireland, UK. The primary aim was to investigate whether any residual effect of stand density on branch attributes remained once the effect of changes in tree size variables had been considered, while a secondary objective was to test the performance of existing Sitka spruce branch models using the current dataset. • Methods Re-spacing treatments had corresponding stand densities of 2,858, 1,452, 725, 477, and 320 stems $ ha^{−1} $. Twenty-four trees were sampled when the stand was 57 years old and branch frequency, size, and insertion angle were recorded for model development. • Results Maximum branch diameter, insertion angle, and branch frequency were significantly influenced by re-spacing, while no effect was found for relative branch diameter distribution. Residual re-spacing effects were most noticeable on branch size, with only small differences between treatments for branch frequency and insertion angle. Existing models performed well despite the wider range of stand densities examined in the present study. • Conclusion The results indicate that early re-spacing from 1.9 $ m^{2} $ to wider than 2.6 $ m^{2} $ will result in branch attributes that are detrimental to Sitka spruce sawn timber quality. Wood quality (dpeaa)DE-He213 Early re-spacing (dpeaa)DE-He213 Maximum branch size (dpeaa)DE-He213 Number of branches (dpeaa)DE-He213 Branch angle (dpeaa)DE-He213 Relative branch size (dpeaa)DE-He213 Weiskittel, Aaron R. verfasserin aut Achim, Alexis verfasserin aut Moore, John R. verfasserin aut Gardiner, Barry A. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Annals of forest science Paris : Springer, 1999 69(2011), 1 vom: 13. Okt., Seite 93-104 (DE-627)312842457 (DE-600)2012340-1 1297-966X nnns volume:69 year:2011 number:1 day:13 month:10 pages:93-104 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13595-011-0141-8 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OPC-FOR SSG-OPC-ASE GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2070 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 48.00 ASE AR 69 2011 1 13 10 93-104
allfieldsSound	10.1007/s13595-011-0141-8 doi (DE-627)SPR031894569 (SPR)s13595-011-0141-8-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 630 640 ASE 48.00 bkl Auty, David verfasserin aut Influence of early re-spacing on Sitka spruce branch structure 2011 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier • Context The frequency, size, and insertion angle of primary branches are important determinants of wood quality and can be significantly influenced by silvicultural activities. • Aims This study quantified the long-term influence of early re-spacing on the branching characteristics of mature Sitka spruce [Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.] trees growing in Northern Ireland, UK. The primary aim was to investigate whether any residual effect of stand density on branch attributes remained once the effect of changes in tree size variables had been considered, while a secondary objective was to test the performance of existing Sitka spruce branch models using the current dataset. • Methods Re-spacing treatments had corresponding stand densities of 2,858, 1,452, 725, 477, and 320 stems $ ha^{−1} $. Twenty-four trees were sampled when the stand was 57 years old and branch frequency, size, and insertion angle were recorded for model development. • Results Maximum branch diameter, insertion angle, and branch frequency were significantly influenced by re-spacing, while no effect was found for relative branch diameter distribution. Residual re-spacing effects were most noticeable on branch size, with only small differences between treatments for branch frequency and insertion angle. Existing models performed well despite the wider range of stand densities examined in the present study. • Conclusion The results indicate that early re-spacing from 1.9 $ m^{2} $ to wider than 2.6 $ m^{2} $ will result in branch attributes that are detrimental to Sitka spruce sawn timber quality. Wood quality (dpeaa)DE-He213 Early re-spacing (dpeaa)DE-He213 Maximum branch size (dpeaa)DE-He213 Number of branches (dpeaa)DE-He213 Branch angle (dpeaa)DE-He213 Relative branch size (dpeaa)DE-He213 Weiskittel, Aaron R. verfasserin aut Achim, Alexis verfasserin aut Moore, John R. verfasserin aut Gardiner, Barry A. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Annals of forest science Paris : Springer, 1999 69(2011), 1 vom: 13. Okt., Seite 93-104 (DE-627)312842457 (DE-600)2012340-1 1297-966X nnns volume:69 year:2011 number:1 day:13 month:10 pages:93-104 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13595-011-0141-8 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OPC-FOR SSG-OPC-ASE GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2070 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 48.00 ASE AR 69 2011 1 13 10 93-104
language	English
source	Enthalten in Annals of forest science 69(2011), 1 vom: 13. Okt., Seite 93-104 volume:69 year:2011 number:1 day:13 month:10 pages:93-104
sourceStr	Enthalten in Annals of forest science 69(2011), 1 vom: 13. Okt., Seite 93-104 volume:69 year:2011 number:1 day:13 month:10 pages:93-104
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	Wood quality Early re-spacing Maximum branch size Number of branches Branch angle Relative branch size
dewey-raw	630
isfreeaccess_bool	false
container_title	Annals of forest science
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Auty, David @@aut@@ Weiskittel, Aaron R. @@aut@@ Achim, Alexis @@aut@@ Moore, John R. @@aut@@ Gardiner, Barry A. @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2011-10-13T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	312842457
dewey-sort	3630
id	SPR031894569
language_de	englisch
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author	Auty, David
spellingShingle	Auty, David ddc 630 bkl 48.00 misc Wood quality misc Early re-spacing misc Maximum branch size misc Number of branches misc Branch angle misc Relative branch size Influence of early re-spacing on Sitka spruce branch structure
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topic_title	630 640 ASE 48.00 bkl Influence of early re-spacing on Sitka spruce branch structure Wood quality (dpeaa)DE-He213 Early re-spacing (dpeaa)DE-He213 Maximum branch size (dpeaa)DE-He213 Number of branches (dpeaa)DE-He213 Branch angle (dpeaa)DE-He213 Relative branch size (dpeaa)DE-He213
topic	ddc 630 bkl 48.00 misc Wood quality misc Early re-spacing misc Maximum branch size misc Number of branches misc Branch angle misc Relative branch size
topic_unstemmed	ddc 630 bkl 48.00 misc Wood quality misc Early re-spacing misc Maximum branch size misc Number of branches misc Branch angle misc Relative branch size
topic_browse	ddc 630 bkl 48.00 misc Wood quality misc Early re-spacing misc Maximum branch size misc Number of branches misc Branch angle misc Relative branch size
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title	Influence of early re-spacing on Sitka spruce branch structure
ctrlnum	(DE-627)SPR031894569 (SPR)s13595-011-0141-8-e
title_full	Influence of early re-spacing on Sitka spruce branch structure
author_sort	Auty, David
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author_browse	Auty, David Weiskittel, Aaron R. Achim, Alexis Moore, John R. Gardiner, Barry A.
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title_sort	influence of early re-spacing on sitka spruce branch structure
title_auth	Influence of early re-spacing on Sitka spruce branch structure
abstract	• Context The frequency, size, and insertion angle of primary branches are important determinants of wood quality and can be significantly influenced by silvicultural activities. • Aims This study quantified the long-term influence of early re-spacing on the branching characteristics of mature Sitka spruce [Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.] trees growing in Northern Ireland, UK. The primary aim was to investigate whether any residual effect of stand density on branch attributes remained once the effect of changes in tree size variables had been considered, while a secondary objective was to test the performance of existing Sitka spruce branch models using the current dataset. • Methods Re-spacing treatments had corresponding stand densities of 2,858, 1,452, 725, 477, and 320 stems $ ha^{−1} $. Twenty-four trees were sampled when the stand was 57 years old and branch frequency, size, and insertion angle were recorded for model development. • Results Maximum branch diameter, insertion angle, and branch frequency were significantly influenced by re-spacing, while no effect was found for relative branch diameter distribution. Residual re-spacing effects were most noticeable on branch size, with only small differences between treatments for branch frequency and insertion angle. Existing models performed well despite the wider range of stand densities examined in the present study. • Conclusion The results indicate that early re-spacing from 1.9 $ m^{2} $ to wider than 2.6 $ m^{2} $ will result in branch attributes that are detrimental to Sitka spruce sawn timber quality.
abstractGer	• Context The frequency, size, and insertion angle of primary branches are important determinants of wood quality and can be significantly influenced by silvicultural activities. • Aims This study quantified the long-term influence of early re-spacing on the branching characteristics of mature Sitka spruce [Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.] trees growing in Northern Ireland, UK. The primary aim was to investigate whether any residual effect of stand density on branch attributes remained once the effect of changes in tree size variables had been considered, while a secondary objective was to test the performance of existing Sitka spruce branch models using the current dataset. • Methods Re-spacing treatments had corresponding stand densities of 2,858, 1,452, 725, 477, and 320 stems $ ha^{−1} $. Twenty-four trees were sampled when the stand was 57 years old and branch frequency, size, and insertion angle were recorded for model development. • Results Maximum branch diameter, insertion angle, and branch frequency were significantly influenced by re-spacing, while no effect was found for relative branch diameter distribution. Residual re-spacing effects were most noticeable on branch size, with only small differences between treatments for branch frequency and insertion angle. Existing models performed well despite the wider range of stand densities examined in the present study. • Conclusion The results indicate that early re-spacing from 1.9 $ m^{2} $ to wider than 2.6 $ m^{2} $ will result in branch attributes that are detrimental to Sitka spruce sawn timber quality.
abstract_unstemmed	• Context The frequency, size, and insertion angle of primary branches are important determinants of wood quality and can be significantly influenced by silvicultural activities. • Aims This study quantified the long-term influence of early re-spacing on the branching characteristics of mature Sitka spruce [Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.] trees growing in Northern Ireland, UK. The primary aim was to investigate whether any residual effect of stand density on branch attributes remained once the effect of changes in tree size variables had been considered, while a secondary objective was to test the performance of existing Sitka spruce branch models using the current dataset. • Methods Re-spacing treatments had corresponding stand densities of 2,858, 1,452, 725, 477, and 320 stems $ ha^{−1} $. Twenty-four trees were sampled when the stand was 57 years old and branch frequency, size, and insertion angle were recorded for model development. • Results Maximum branch diameter, insertion angle, and branch frequency were significantly influenced by re-spacing, while no effect was found for relative branch diameter distribution. Residual re-spacing effects were most noticeable on branch size, with only small differences between treatments for branch frequency and insertion angle. Existing models performed well despite the wider range of stand densities examined in the present study. • Conclusion The results indicate that early re-spacing from 1.9 $ m^{2} $ to wider than 2.6 $ m^{2} $ will result in branch attributes that are detrimental to Sitka spruce sawn timber quality.
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container_issue	1
title_short	Influence of early re-spacing on Sitka spruce branch structure
url	https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13595-011-0141-8
remote_bool	true
author2	Weiskittel, Aaron R. Achim, Alexis Moore, John R. Gardiner, Barry A.
author2Str	Weiskittel, Aaron R. Achim, Alexis Moore, John R. Gardiner, Barry A.
ppnlink	312842457
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doi_str	10.1007/s13595-011-0141-8
up_date	2024-07-04T01:43:12.269Z
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