Evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of morin isolated from mulberry fruits (Morus alba L.)
Abstract Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of materials isolated from the methanol extract of mulberry fruits were evaluated. The active constituent of the methanol extract derived from mulberry fruits was isolated by silica gel and LH-20 column chromatographies and was identified as morin by...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Autor*in: |
Yang, Ji-Yeon [verfasserIn] Lee, Hoi-Seon [verfasserIn] |
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Format: |
E-Artikel |
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Sprache: |
Englisch |
Erschienen: |
2012 |
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Schlagwörter: |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Journal of the Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistry - [Seoul] : The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistry, co-published with Springer, 2009, 55(2012), 4 vom: Aug., Seite 485-489 |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:55 ; year:2012 ; number:4 ; month:08 ; pages:485-489 |
Links: |
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DOI / URN: |
10.1007/s13765-012-2110-9 |
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Katalog-ID: |
SPR032336705 |
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10.1007/s13765-012-2110-9 doi (DE-627)SPR032336705 (SPR)s13765-012-2110-9-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 630 640 540 ASE Yang, Ji-Yeon verfasserin aut Evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of morin isolated from mulberry fruits (Morus alba L.) 2012 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of materials isolated from the methanol extract of mulberry fruits were evaluated. The active constituent of the methanol extract derived from mulberry fruits was isolated by silica gel and LH-20 column chromatographies and was identified as morin by electron ionization mass spectrometer, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Based on the $ IC_{50} $ values, the antioxidant activities of morin exhibited potent inhibition according to 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (30.0 μg/mL) and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (71.0 μg/mL) radical scavenging assays. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of morin showed moderate (++) inhibition against Streptococcus mutans at both 5 and 2 mg/disc, according to paper disc diffusion assays, indicating morin isolated from mulberry fruits could be a useful natural agent for the management of antioxidant and antibacterial treatments. antibacterial activity (dpeaa)DE-He213 antioxidant activity (dpeaa)DE-He213 mulberry fruits (dpeaa)DE-He213 morin (dpeaa)DE-He213 L. (dpeaa)DE-He213 Lee, Hoi-Seon verfasserin aut Enthalten in Journal of the Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistry [Seoul] : The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistry, co-published with Springer, 2009 55(2012), 4 vom: Aug., Seite 485-489 (DE-627)684967510 (DE-600)2649483-8 2234-344X nnns volume:55 year:2012 number:4 month:08 pages:485-489 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13765-012-2110-9 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2070 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 55 2012 4 08 485-489 |
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10.1007/s13765-012-2110-9 doi (DE-627)SPR032336705 (SPR)s13765-012-2110-9-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 630 640 540 ASE Yang, Ji-Yeon verfasserin aut Evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of morin isolated from mulberry fruits (Morus alba L.) 2012 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of materials isolated from the methanol extract of mulberry fruits were evaluated. The active constituent of the methanol extract derived from mulberry fruits was isolated by silica gel and LH-20 column chromatographies and was identified as morin by electron ionization mass spectrometer, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Based on the $ IC_{50} $ values, the antioxidant activities of morin exhibited potent inhibition according to 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (30.0 μg/mL) and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (71.0 μg/mL) radical scavenging assays. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of morin showed moderate (++) inhibition against Streptococcus mutans at both 5 and 2 mg/disc, according to paper disc diffusion assays, indicating morin isolated from mulberry fruits could be a useful natural agent for the management of antioxidant and antibacterial treatments. antibacterial activity (dpeaa)DE-He213 antioxidant activity (dpeaa)DE-He213 mulberry fruits (dpeaa)DE-He213 morin (dpeaa)DE-He213 L. (dpeaa)DE-He213 Lee, Hoi-Seon verfasserin aut Enthalten in Journal of the Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistry [Seoul] : The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistry, co-published with Springer, 2009 55(2012), 4 vom: Aug., Seite 485-489 (DE-627)684967510 (DE-600)2649483-8 2234-344X nnns volume:55 year:2012 number:4 month:08 pages:485-489 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13765-012-2110-9 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2070 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 55 2012 4 08 485-489 |
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10.1007/s13765-012-2110-9 doi (DE-627)SPR032336705 (SPR)s13765-012-2110-9-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 630 640 540 ASE Yang, Ji-Yeon verfasserin aut Evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of morin isolated from mulberry fruits (Morus alba L.) 2012 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of materials isolated from the methanol extract of mulberry fruits were evaluated. The active constituent of the methanol extract derived from mulberry fruits was isolated by silica gel and LH-20 column chromatographies and was identified as morin by electron ionization mass spectrometer, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Based on the $ IC_{50} $ values, the antioxidant activities of morin exhibited potent inhibition according to 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (30.0 μg/mL) and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (71.0 μg/mL) radical scavenging assays. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of morin showed moderate (++) inhibition against Streptococcus mutans at both 5 and 2 mg/disc, according to paper disc diffusion assays, indicating morin isolated from mulberry fruits could be a useful natural agent for the management of antioxidant and antibacterial treatments. antibacterial activity (dpeaa)DE-He213 antioxidant activity (dpeaa)DE-He213 mulberry fruits (dpeaa)DE-He213 morin (dpeaa)DE-He213 L. (dpeaa)DE-He213 Lee, Hoi-Seon verfasserin aut Enthalten in Journal of the Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistry [Seoul] : The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistry, co-published with Springer, 2009 55(2012), 4 vom: Aug., Seite 485-489 (DE-627)684967510 (DE-600)2649483-8 2234-344X nnns volume:55 year:2012 number:4 month:08 pages:485-489 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13765-012-2110-9 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2070 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 55 2012 4 08 485-489 |
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10.1007/s13765-012-2110-9 doi (DE-627)SPR032336705 (SPR)s13765-012-2110-9-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 630 640 540 ASE Yang, Ji-Yeon verfasserin aut Evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of morin isolated from mulberry fruits (Morus alba L.) 2012 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of materials isolated from the methanol extract of mulberry fruits were evaluated. The active constituent of the methanol extract derived from mulberry fruits was isolated by silica gel and LH-20 column chromatographies and was identified as morin by electron ionization mass spectrometer, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Based on the $ IC_{50} $ values, the antioxidant activities of morin exhibited potent inhibition according to 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (30.0 μg/mL) and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (71.0 μg/mL) radical scavenging assays. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of morin showed moderate (++) inhibition against Streptococcus mutans at both 5 and 2 mg/disc, according to paper disc diffusion assays, indicating morin isolated from mulberry fruits could be a useful natural agent for the management of antioxidant and antibacterial treatments. antibacterial activity (dpeaa)DE-He213 antioxidant activity (dpeaa)DE-He213 mulberry fruits (dpeaa)DE-He213 morin (dpeaa)DE-He213 L. (dpeaa)DE-He213 Lee, Hoi-Seon verfasserin aut Enthalten in Journal of the Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistry [Seoul] : The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistry, co-published with Springer, 2009 55(2012), 4 vom: Aug., Seite 485-489 (DE-627)684967510 (DE-600)2649483-8 2234-344X nnns volume:55 year:2012 number:4 month:08 pages:485-489 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13765-012-2110-9 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2070 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 55 2012 4 08 485-489 |
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10.1007/s13765-012-2110-9 doi (DE-627)SPR032336705 (SPR)s13765-012-2110-9-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 630 640 540 ASE Yang, Ji-Yeon verfasserin aut Evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of morin isolated from mulberry fruits (Morus alba L.) 2012 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of materials isolated from the methanol extract of mulberry fruits were evaluated. The active constituent of the methanol extract derived from mulberry fruits was isolated by silica gel and LH-20 column chromatographies and was identified as morin by electron ionization mass spectrometer, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Based on the $ IC_{50} $ values, the antioxidant activities of morin exhibited potent inhibition according to 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (30.0 μg/mL) and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (71.0 μg/mL) radical scavenging assays. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of morin showed moderate (++) inhibition against Streptococcus mutans at both 5 and 2 mg/disc, according to paper disc diffusion assays, indicating morin isolated from mulberry fruits could be a useful natural agent for the management of antioxidant and antibacterial treatments. antibacterial activity (dpeaa)DE-He213 antioxidant activity (dpeaa)DE-He213 mulberry fruits (dpeaa)DE-He213 morin (dpeaa)DE-He213 L. (dpeaa)DE-He213 Lee, Hoi-Seon verfasserin aut Enthalten in Journal of the Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistry [Seoul] : The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistry, co-published with Springer, 2009 55(2012), 4 vom: Aug., Seite 485-489 (DE-627)684967510 (DE-600)2649483-8 2234-344X nnns volume:55 year:2012 number:4 month:08 pages:485-489 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13765-012-2110-9 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2070 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 55 2012 4 08 485-489 |
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Yang, Ji-Yeon |
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Yang, Ji-Yeon ddc 630 misc antibacterial activity misc antioxidant activity misc mulberry fruits misc morin misc L. Evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of morin isolated from mulberry fruits (Morus alba L.) |
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evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of morin isolated from mulberry fruits (morus alba l.) |
title_auth |
Evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of morin isolated from mulberry fruits (Morus alba L.) |
abstract |
Abstract Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of materials isolated from the methanol extract of mulberry fruits were evaluated. The active constituent of the methanol extract derived from mulberry fruits was isolated by silica gel and LH-20 column chromatographies and was identified as morin by electron ionization mass spectrometer, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Based on the $ IC_{50} $ values, the antioxidant activities of morin exhibited potent inhibition according to 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (30.0 μg/mL) and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (71.0 μg/mL) radical scavenging assays. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of morin showed moderate (++) inhibition against Streptococcus mutans at both 5 and 2 mg/disc, according to paper disc diffusion assays, indicating morin isolated from mulberry fruits could be a useful natural agent for the management of antioxidant and antibacterial treatments. |
abstractGer |
Abstract Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of materials isolated from the methanol extract of mulberry fruits were evaluated. The active constituent of the methanol extract derived from mulberry fruits was isolated by silica gel and LH-20 column chromatographies and was identified as morin by electron ionization mass spectrometer, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Based on the $ IC_{50} $ values, the antioxidant activities of morin exhibited potent inhibition according to 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (30.0 μg/mL) and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (71.0 μg/mL) radical scavenging assays. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of morin showed moderate (++) inhibition against Streptococcus mutans at both 5 and 2 mg/disc, according to paper disc diffusion assays, indicating morin isolated from mulberry fruits could be a useful natural agent for the management of antioxidant and antibacterial treatments. |
abstract_unstemmed |
Abstract Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of materials isolated from the methanol extract of mulberry fruits were evaluated. The active constituent of the methanol extract derived from mulberry fruits was isolated by silica gel and LH-20 column chromatographies and was identified as morin by electron ionization mass spectrometer, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Based on the $ IC_{50} $ values, the antioxidant activities of morin exhibited potent inhibition according to 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (30.0 μg/mL) and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (71.0 μg/mL) radical scavenging assays. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of morin showed moderate (++) inhibition against Streptococcus mutans at both 5 and 2 mg/disc, according to paper disc diffusion assays, indicating morin isolated from mulberry fruits could be a useful natural agent for the management of antioxidant and antibacterial treatments. |
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title_short |
Evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of morin isolated from mulberry fruits (Morus alba L.) |
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The active constituent of the methanol extract derived from mulberry fruits was isolated by silica gel and LH-20 column chromatographies and was identified as morin by electron ionization mass spectrometer, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Based on the $ IC_{50} $ values, the antioxidant activities of morin exhibited potent inhibition according to 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (30.0 μg/mL) and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (71.0 μg/mL) radical scavenging assays. 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