Pigsties near dwellings as a potential risk factor for the prevalence of Japanese encephalitis virus in adult in Shanxi, China
Background The increasing trend of adult cases of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in China, particularly in northern China, has become an important public health issue. We conducted an epidemiological investigation in the south of Shanxi Province to examine the relationships between mosquitoes, Japanese...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Ren, Xiaojie [verfasserIn] Fu, Shihong [verfasserIn] Dai, Peifang [verfasserIn] Wang, Huanyu [verfasserIn] Li, Yuanyuan [verfasserIn] Li, Xiaolong [verfasserIn] Lei, Wenwen [verfasserIn] Gao, Xiaoyan [verfasserIn] He, Ying [verfasserIn] Lv, Zhi [verfasserIn] Cheng, Jingxia [verfasserIn] Wang, Guiqin [verfasserIn] Liang, Guodong [verfasserIn] |
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E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2017 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Infectious diseases of poverty - London : Biomed Central, 2012, 6(2017), 1 vom: 08. Juni |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:6 ; year:2017 ; number:1 ; day:08 ; month:06 |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1186/s40249-017-0312-4 |
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| Katalog-ID: |
SPR032940319 |
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| 520 | |a Background The increasing trend of adult cases of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in China, particularly in northern China, has become an important public health issue. We conducted an epidemiological investigation in the south of Shanxi Province to examine the relationships between mosquitoes, Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), and adult JE cases. Methods Mosquito specimens were collected from the courtyards of farmers’ households and pig farms in Shanxi Province. Mosquitoes were pooled, homogenized, and centrifuged. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect mosquito-borne arbovirus genes in homogenates. Specimens positive for these genes were inoculated into the baby hamster kidney cell line (BHK-21) to isolate virus. Minimum infection rate was calculated and phylogenetic analyses were performed. Results A total of 7 943 mosquitoes belonging to six species in four genera were collected; Culex tritaeniorhynchus accounted for 73.08% (5 805/7 943), C. pipiens pallens for 24.75% (1 966/7 943), and the remaining 3% (104/ 7943) consisted of Anopheles sinensis, Aedes vexans, Ae. dorsalis, and Armigeres subalbatus. Sixteen pools were positive for JEV based on RT-PCR using JEV pre-membrane gene nested primers. Phylogenetic analyses showed that all JEVs belonged to genotype I; two pools were positive using Getah Virus (GETV) gene primers. In addition, one JEV strain (SXYC1523) was isolated from C. pipiens pallens specimens. These results indicate that the minimum infection rate of JEV in mosquito specimens collected from the courtyards of farmers’ households with pigsties was 7.39/1 000; the rate for pig farms was 2.68/1 000; and the rate for farmers’ courtyards without pigsties was zero. Conclusions The high-prevalence regions of adult JE investigated in this study are still the natural epidemic focus of JEV. Having pigsties near dwellings is a potential risk factor contributing to the prevalence of adult JE. To prevent the occurrence of local adult JE cases, a recommendation was raised that, besides continuing to implement the Expanded Program on Immunization for children, the government should urge local farmers to cease raising pigs in their own courtyards to reduce the probability of infection with JEV. | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Adult Japanese encephalitis |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Epidemic disease |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Mosquito-borne arbovirus |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Japanese encephalitis virus |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Fu, Shihong |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Li, Yuanyuan |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Li, Xiaolong |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Lei, Wenwen |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Gao, Xiaoyan |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a He, Ying |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Lv, Zhi |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Cheng, Jingxia |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Wang, Guiqin |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Liang, Guodong |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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10.1186/s40249-017-0312-4 doi (DE-627)SPR032940319 (SPR)s40249-017-0312-4-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 ASE Ren, Xiaojie verfasserin aut Pigsties near dwellings as a potential risk factor for the prevalence of Japanese encephalitis virus in adult in Shanxi, China 2017 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Background The increasing trend of adult cases of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in China, particularly in northern China, has become an important public health issue. We conducted an epidemiological investigation in the south of Shanxi Province to examine the relationships between mosquitoes, Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), and adult JE cases. Methods Mosquito specimens were collected from the courtyards of farmers’ households and pig farms in Shanxi Province. Mosquitoes were pooled, homogenized, and centrifuged. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect mosquito-borne arbovirus genes in homogenates. Specimens positive for these genes were inoculated into the baby hamster kidney cell line (BHK-21) to isolate virus. Minimum infection rate was calculated and phylogenetic analyses were performed. Results A total of 7 943 mosquitoes belonging to six species in four genera were collected; Culex tritaeniorhynchus accounted for 73.08% (5 805/7 943), C. pipiens pallens for 24.75% (1 966/7 943), and the remaining 3% (104/ 7943) consisted of Anopheles sinensis, Aedes vexans, Ae. dorsalis, and Armigeres subalbatus. Sixteen pools were positive for JEV based on RT-PCR using JEV pre-membrane gene nested primers. Phylogenetic analyses showed that all JEVs belonged to genotype I; two pools were positive using Getah Virus (GETV) gene primers. In addition, one JEV strain (SXYC1523) was isolated from C. pipiens pallens specimens. These results indicate that the minimum infection rate of JEV in mosquito specimens collected from the courtyards of farmers’ households with pigsties was 7.39/1 000; the rate for pig farms was 2.68/1 000; and the rate for farmers’ courtyards without pigsties was zero. Conclusions The high-prevalence regions of adult JE investigated in this study are still the natural epidemic focus of JEV. Having pigsties near dwellings is a potential risk factor contributing to the prevalence of adult JE. To prevent the occurrence of local adult JE cases, a recommendation was raised that, besides continuing to implement the Expanded Program on Immunization for children, the government should urge local farmers to cease raising pigs in their own courtyards to reduce the probability of infection with JEV. Adult Japanese encephalitis (dpeaa)DE-He213 Epidemic disease (dpeaa)DE-He213 Mosquito-borne arbovirus (dpeaa)DE-He213 Japanese encephalitis virus (dpeaa)DE-He213 Fu, Shihong verfasserin aut Dai, Peifang verfasserin aut Wang, Huanyu verfasserin aut Li, Yuanyuan verfasserin aut Li, Xiaolong verfasserin aut Lei, Wenwen verfasserin aut Gao, Xiaoyan verfasserin aut He, Ying verfasserin aut Lv, Zhi verfasserin aut Cheng, Jingxia verfasserin aut Wang, Guiqin verfasserin aut Liang, Guodong verfasserin aut Enthalten in Infectious diseases of poverty London : Biomed Central, 2012 6(2017), 1 vom: 08. Juni (DE-627)72939476X (DE-600)2689396-4 2049-9957 nnns volume:6 year:2017 number:1 day:08 month:06 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40249-017-0312-4 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 6 2017 1 08 06 |
| spelling |
10.1186/s40249-017-0312-4 doi (DE-627)SPR032940319 (SPR)s40249-017-0312-4-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 ASE Ren, Xiaojie verfasserin aut Pigsties near dwellings as a potential risk factor for the prevalence of Japanese encephalitis virus in adult in Shanxi, China 2017 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Background The increasing trend of adult cases of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in China, particularly in northern China, has become an important public health issue. We conducted an epidemiological investigation in the south of Shanxi Province to examine the relationships between mosquitoes, Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), and adult JE cases. Methods Mosquito specimens were collected from the courtyards of farmers’ households and pig farms in Shanxi Province. Mosquitoes were pooled, homogenized, and centrifuged. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect mosquito-borne arbovirus genes in homogenates. Specimens positive for these genes were inoculated into the baby hamster kidney cell line (BHK-21) to isolate virus. Minimum infection rate was calculated and phylogenetic analyses were performed. Results A total of 7 943 mosquitoes belonging to six species in four genera were collected; Culex tritaeniorhynchus accounted for 73.08% (5 805/7 943), C. pipiens pallens for 24.75% (1 966/7 943), and the remaining 3% (104/ 7943) consisted of Anopheles sinensis, Aedes vexans, Ae. dorsalis, and Armigeres subalbatus. Sixteen pools were positive for JEV based on RT-PCR using JEV pre-membrane gene nested primers. Phylogenetic analyses showed that all JEVs belonged to genotype I; two pools were positive using Getah Virus (GETV) gene primers. In addition, one JEV strain (SXYC1523) was isolated from C. pipiens pallens specimens. These results indicate that the minimum infection rate of JEV in mosquito specimens collected from the courtyards of farmers’ households with pigsties was 7.39/1 000; the rate for pig farms was 2.68/1 000; and the rate for farmers’ courtyards without pigsties was zero. Conclusions The high-prevalence regions of adult JE investigated in this study are still the natural epidemic focus of JEV. Having pigsties near dwellings is a potential risk factor contributing to the prevalence of adult JE. To prevent the occurrence of local adult JE cases, a recommendation was raised that, besides continuing to implement the Expanded Program on Immunization for children, the government should urge local farmers to cease raising pigs in their own courtyards to reduce the probability of infection with JEV. Adult Japanese encephalitis (dpeaa)DE-He213 Epidemic disease (dpeaa)DE-He213 Mosquito-borne arbovirus (dpeaa)DE-He213 Japanese encephalitis virus (dpeaa)DE-He213 Fu, Shihong verfasserin aut Dai, Peifang verfasserin aut Wang, Huanyu verfasserin aut Li, Yuanyuan verfasserin aut Li, Xiaolong verfasserin aut Lei, Wenwen verfasserin aut Gao, Xiaoyan verfasserin aut He, Ying verfasserin aut Lv, Zhi verfasserin aut Cheng, Jingxia verfasserin aut Wang, Guiqin verfasserin aut Liang, Guodong verfasserin aut Enthalten in Infectious diseases of poverty London : Biomed Central, 2012 6(2017), 1 vom: 08. Juni (DE-627)72939476X (DE-600)2689396-4 2049-9957 nnns volume:6 year:2017 number:1 day:08 month:06 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40249-017-0312-4 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 6 2017 1 08 06 |
| allfields_unstemmed |
10.1186/s40249-017-0312-4 doi (DE-627)SPR032940319 (SPR)s40249-017-0312-4-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 ASE Ren, Xiaojie verfasserin aut Pigsties near dwellings as a potential risk factor for the prevalence of Japanese encephalitis virus in adult in Shanxi, China 2017 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Background The increasing trend of adult cases of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in China, particularly in northern China, has become an important public health issue. We conducted an epidemiological investigation in the south of Shanxi Province to examine the relationships between mosquitoes, Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), and adult JE cases. Methods Mosquito specimens were collected from the courtyards of farmers’ households and pig farms in Shanxi Province. Mosquitoes were pooled, homogenized, and centrifuged. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect mosquito-borne arbovirus genes in homogenates. Specimens positive for these genes were inoculated into the baby hamster kidney cell line (BHK-21) to isolate virus. Minimum infection rate was calculated and phylogenetic analyses were performed. Results A total of 7 943 mosquitoes belonging to six species in four genera were collected; Culex tritaeniorhynchus accounted for 73.08% (5 805/7 943), C. pipiens pallens for 24.75% (1 966/7 943), and the remaining 3% (104/ 7943) consisted of Anopheles sinensis, Aedes vexans, Ae. dorsalis, and Armigeres subalbatus. Sixteen pools were positive for JEV based on RT-PCR using JEV pre-membrane gene nested primers. Phylogenetic analyses showed that all JEVs belonged to genotype I; two pools were positive using Getah Virus (GETV) gene primers. In addition, one JEV strain (SXYC1523) was isolated from C. pipiens pallens specimens. These results indicate that the minimum infection rate of JEV in mosquito specimens collected from the courtyards of farmers’ households with pigsties was 7.39/1 000; the rate for pig farms was 2.68/1 000; and the rate for farmers’ courtyards without pigsties was zero. Conclusions The high-prevalence regions of adult JE investigated in this study are still the natural epidemic focus of JEV. Having pigsties near dwellings is a potential risk factor contributing to the prevalence of adult JE. To prevent the occurrence of local adult JE cases, a recommendation was raised that, besides continuing to implement the Expanded Program on Immunization for children, the government should urge local farmers to cease raising pigs in their own courtyards to reduce the probability of infection with JEV. Adult Japanese encephalitis (dpeaa)DE-He213 Epidemic disease (dpeaa)DE-He213 Mosquito-borne arbovirus (dpeaa)DE-He213 Japanese encephalitis virus (dpeaa)DE-He213 Fu, Shihong verfasserin aut Dai, Peifang verfasserin aut Wang, Huanyu verfasserin aut Li, Yuanyuan verfasserin aut Li, Xiaolong verfasserin aut Lei, Wenwen verfasserin aut Gao, Xiaoyan verfasserin aut He, Ying verfasserin aut Lv, Zhi verfasserin aut Cheng, Jingxia verfasserin aut Wang, Guiqin verfasserin aut Liang, Guodong verfasserin aut Enthalten in Infectious diseases of poverty London : Biomed Central, 2012 6(2017), 1 vom: 08. Juni (DE-627)72939476X (DE-600)2689396-4 2049-9957 nnns volume:6 year:2017 number:1 day:08 month:06 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40249-017-0312-4 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 6 2017 1 08 06 |
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10.1186/s40249-017-0312-4 doi (DE-627)SPR032940319 (SPR)s40249-017-0312-4-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 ASE Ren, Xiaojie verfasserin aut Pigsties near dwellings as a potential risk factor for the prevalence of Japanese encephalitis virus in adult in Shanxi, China 2017 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Background The increasing trend of adult cases of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in China, particularly in northern China, has become an important public health issue. We conducted an epidemiological investigation in the south of Shanxi Province to examine the relationships between mosquitoes, Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), and adult JE cases. Methods Mosquito specimens were collected from the courtyards of farmers’ households and pig farms in Shanxi Province. Mosquitoes were pooled, homogenized, and centrifuged. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect mosquito-borne arbovirus genes in homogenates. Specimens positive for these genes were inoculated into the baby hamster kidney cell line (BHK-21) to isolate virus. Minimum infection rate was calculated and phylogenetic analyses were performed. Results A total of 7 943 mosquitoes belonging to six species in four genera were collected; Culex tritaeniorhynchus accounted for 73.08% (5 805/7 943), C. pipiens pallens for 24.75% (1 966/7 943), and the remaining 3% (104/ 7943) consisted of Anopheles sinensis, Aedes vexans, Ae. dorsalis, and Armigeres subalbatus. Sixteen pools were positive for JEV based on RT-PCR using JEV pre-membrane gene nested primers. Phylogenetic analyses showed that all JEVs belonged to genotype I; two pools were positive using Getah Virus (GETV) gene primers. In addition, one JEV strain (SXYC1523) was isolated from C. pipiens pallens specimens. These results indicate that the minimum infection rate of JEV in mosquito specimens collected from the courtyards of farmers’ households with pigsties was 7.39/1 000; the rate for pig farms was 2.68/1 000; and the rate for farmers’ courtyards without pigsties was zero. Conclusions The high-prevalence regions of adult JE investigated in this study are still the natural epidemic focus of JEV. Having pigsties near dwellings is a potential risk factor contributing to the prevalence of adult JE. To prevent the occurrence of local adult JE cases, a recommendation was raised that, besides continuing to implement the Expanded Program on Immunization for children, the government should urge local farmers to cease raising pigs in their own courtyards to reduce the probability of infection with JEV. Adult Japanese encephalitis (dpeaa)DE-He213 Epidemic disease (dpeaa)DE-He213 Mosquito-borne arbovirus (dpeaa)DE-He213 Japanese encephalitis virus (dpeaa)DE-He213 Fu, Shihong verfasserin aut Dai, Peifang verfasserin aut Wang, Huanyu verfasserin aut Li, Yuanyuan verfasserin aut Li, Xiaolong verfasserin aut Lei, Wenwen verfasserin aut Gao, Xiaoyan verfasserin aut He, Ying verfasserin aut Lv, Zhi verfasserin aut Cheng, Jingxia verfasserin aut Wang, Guiqin verfasserin aut Liang, Guodong verfasserin aut Enthalten in Infectious diseases of poverty London : Biomed Central, 2012 6(2017), 1 vom: 08. Juni (DE-627)72939476X (DE-600)2689396-4 2049-9957 nnns volume:6 year:2017 number:1 day:08 month:06 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40249-017-0312-4 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 6 2017 1 08 06 |
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10.1186/s40249-017-0312-4 doi (DE-627)SPR032940319 (SPR)s40249-017-0312-4-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 ASE Ren, Xiaojie verfasserin aut Pigsties near dwellings as a potential risk factor for the prevalence of Japanese encephalitis virus in adult in Shanxi, China 2017 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Background The increasing trend of adult cases of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in China, particularly in northern China, has become an important public health issue. We conducted an epidemiological investigation in the south of Shanxi Province to examine the relationships between mosquitoes, Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), and adult JE cases. Methods Mosquito specimens were collected from the courtyards of farmers’ households and pig farms in Shanxi Province. Mosquitoes were pooled, homogenized, and centrifuged. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect mosquito-borne arbovirus genes in homogenates. Specimens positive for these genes were inoculated into the baby hamster kidney cell line (BHK-21) to isolate virus. Minimum infection rate was calculated and phylogenetic analyses were performed. Results A total of 7 943 mosquitoes belonging to six species in four genera were collected; Culex tritaeniorhynchus accounted for 73.08% (5 805/7 943), C. pipiens pallens for 24.75% (1 966/7 943), and the remaining 3% (104/ 7943) consisted of Anopheles sinensis, Aedes vexans, Ae. dorsalis, and Armigeres subalbatus. Sixteen pools were positive for JEV based on RT-PCR using JEV pre-membrane gene nested primers. Phylogenetic analyses showed that all JEVs belonged to genotype I; two pools were positive using Getah Virus (GETV) gene primers. In addition, one JEV strain (SXYC1523) was isolated from C. pipiens pallens specimens. These results indicate that the minimum infection rate of JEV in mosquito specimens collected from the courtyards of farmers’ households with pigsties was 7.39/1 000; the rate for pig farms was 2.68/1 000; and the rate for farmers’ courtyards without pigsties was zero. Conclusions The high-prevalence regions of adult JE investigated in this study are still the natural epidemic focus of JEV. Having pigsties near dwellings is a potential risk factor contributing to the prevalence of adult JE. To prevent the occurrence of local adult JE cases, a recommendation was raised that, besides continuing to implement the Expanded Program on Immunization for children, the government should urge local farmers to cease raising pigs in their own courtyards to reduce the probability of infection with JEV. Adult Japanese encephalitis (dpeaa)DE-He213 Epidemic disease (dpeaa)DE-He213 Mosquito-borne arbovirus (dpeaa)DE-He213 Japanese encephalitis virus (dpeaa)DE-He213 Fu, Shihong verfasserin aut Dai, Peifang verfasserin aut Wang, Huanyu verfasserin aut Li, Yuanyuan verfasserin aut Li, Xiaolong verfasserin aut Lei, Wenwen verfasserin aut Gao, Xiaoyan verfasserin aut He, Ying verfasserin aut Lv, Zhi verfasserin aut Cheng, Jingxia verfasserin aut Wang, Guiqin verfasserin aut Liang, Guodong verfasserin aut Enthalten in Infectious diseases of poverty London : Biomed Central, 2012 6(2017), 1 vom: 08. Juni (DE-627)72939476X (DE-600)2689396-4 2049-9957 nnns volume:6 year:2017 number:1 day:08 month:06 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40249-017-0312-4 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 6 2017 1 08 06 |
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Ren, Xiaojie @@aut@@ Fu, Shihong @@aut@@ Dai, Peifang @@aut@@ Wang, Huanyu @@aut@@ Li, Yuanyuan @@aut@@ Li, Xiaolong @@aut@@ Lei, Wenwen @@aut@@ Gao, Xiaoyan @@aut@@ He, Ying @@aut@@ Lv, Zhi @@aut@@ Cheng, Jingxia @@aut@@ Wang, Guiqin @@aut@@ Liang, Guodong @@aut@@ |
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Pigsties near dwellings as a potential risk factor for the prevalence of Japanese encephalitis virus in adult in Shanxi, China |
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Ren, Xiaojie |
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Infectious diseases of poverty |
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Ren, Xiaojie Fu, Shihong Dai, Peifang Wang, Huanyu Li, Yuanyuan Li, Xiaolong Lei, Wenwen Gao, Xiaoyan He, Ying Lv, Zhi Cheng, Jingxia Wang, Guiqin Liang, Guodong |
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Elektronische Aufsätze |
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Ren, Xiaojie |
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10.1186/s40249-017-0312-4 |
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610 |
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verfasserin |
| title_sort |
pigsties near dwellings as a potential risk factor for the prevalence of japanese encephalitis virus in adult in shanxi, china |
| title_auth |
Pigsties near dwellings as a potential risk factor for the prevalence of Japanese encephalitis virus in adult in Shanxi, China |
| abstract |
Background The increasing trend of adult cases of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in China, particularly in northern China, has become an important public health issue. We conducted an epidemiological investigation in the south of Shanxi Province to examine the relationships between mosquitoes, Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), and adult JE cases. Methods Mosquito specimens were collected from the courtyards of farmers’ households and pig farms in Shanxi Province. Mosquitoes were pooled, homogenized, and centrifuged. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect mosquito-borne arbovirus genes in homogenates. Specimens positive for these genes were inoculated into the baby hamster kidney cell line (BHK-21) to isolate virus. Minimum infection rate was calculated and phylogenetic analyses were performed. Results A total of 7 943 mosquitoes belonging to six species in four genera were collected; Culex tritaeniorhynchus accounted for 73.08% (5 805/7 943), C. pipiens pallens for 24.75% (1 966/7 943), and the remaining 3% (104/ 7943) consisted of Anopheles sinensis, Aedes vexans, Ae. dorsalis, and Armigeres subalbatus. Sixteen pools were positive for JEV based on RT-PCR using JEV pre-membrane gene nested primers. Phylogenetic analyses showed that all JEVs belonged to genotype I; two pools were positive using Getah Virus (GETV) gene primers. In addition, one JEV strain (SXYC1523) was isolated from C. pipiens pallens specimens. These results indicate that the minimum infection rate of JEV in mosquito specimens collected from the courtyards of farmers’ households with pigsties was 7.39/1 000; the rate for pig farms was 2.68/1 000; and the rate for farmers’ courtyards without pigsties was zero. Conclusions The high-prevalence regions of adult JE investigated in this study are still the natural epidemic focus of JEV. Having pigsties near dwellings is a potential risk factor contributing to the prevalence of adult JE. To prevent the occurrence of local adult JE cases, a recommendation was raised that, besides continuing to implement the Expanded Program on Immunization for children, the government should urge local farmers to cease raising pigs in their own courtyards to reduce the probability of infection with JEV. |
| abstractGer |
Background The increasing trend of adult cases of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in China, particularly in northern China, has become an important public health issue. We conducted an epidemiological investigation in the south of Shanxi Province to examine the relationships between mosquitoes, Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), and adult JE cases. Methods Mosquito specimens were collected from the courtyards of farmers’ households and pig farms in Shanxi Province. Mosquitoes were pooled, homogenized, and centrifuged. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect mosquito-borne arbovirus genes in homogenates. Specimens positive for these genes were inoculated into the baby hamster kidney cell line (BHK-21) to isolate virus. Minimum infection rate was calculated and phylogenetic analyses were performed. Results A total of 7 943 mosquitoes belonging to six species in four genera were collected; Culex tritaeniorhynchus accounted for 73.08% (5 805/7 943), C. pipiens pallens for 24.75% (1 966/7 943), and the remaining 3% (104/ 7943) consisted of Anopheles sinensis, Aedes vexans, Ae. dorsalis, and Armigeres subalbatus. Sixteen pools were positive for JEV based on RT-PCR using JEV pre-membrane gene nested primers. Phylogenetic analyses showed that all JEVs belonged to genotype I; two pools were positive using Getah Virus (GETV) gene primers. In addition, one JEV strain (SXYC1523) was isolated from C. pipiens pallens specimens. These results indicate that the minimum infection rate of JEV in mosquito specimens collected from the courtyards of farmers’ households with pigsties was 7.39/1 000; the rate for pig farms was 2.68/1 000; and the rate for farmers’ courtyards without pigsties was zero. Conclusions The high-prevalence regions of adult JE investigated in this study are still the natural epidemic focus of JEV. Having pigsties near dwellings is a potential risk factor contributing to the prevalence of adult JE. To prevent the occurrence of local adult JE cases, a recommendation was raised that, besides continuing to implement the Expanded Program on Immunization for children, the government should urge local farmers to cease raising pigs in their own courtyards to reduce the probability of infection with JEV. |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Background The increasing trend of adult cases of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in China, particularly in northern China, has become an important public health issue. We conducted an epidemiological investigation in the south of Shanxi Province to examine the relationships between mosquitoes, Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), and adult JE cases. Methods Mosquito specimens were collected from the courtyards of farmers’ households and pig farms in Shanxi Province. Mosquitoes were pooled, homogenized, and centrifuged. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect mosquito-borne arbovirus genes in homogenates. Specimens positive for these genes were inoculated into the baby hamster kidney cell line (BHK-21) to isolate virus. Minimum infection rate was calculated and phylogenetic analyses were performed. Results A total of 7 943 mosquitoes belonging to six species in four genera were collected; Culex tritaeniorhynchus accounted for 73.08% (5 805/7 943), C. pipiens pallens for 24.75% (1 966/7 943), and the remaining 3% (104/ 7943) consisted of Anopheles sinensis, Aedes vexans, Ae. dorsalis, and Armigeres subalbatus. Sixteen pools were positive for JEV based on RT-PCR using JEV pre-membrane gene nested primers. Phylogenetic analyses showed that all JEVs belonged to genotype I; two pools were positive using Getah Virus (GETV) gene primers. In addition, one JEV strain (SXYC1523) was isolated from C. pipiens pallens specimens. These results indicate that the minimum infection rate of JEV in mosquito specimens collected from the courtyards of farmers’ households with pigsties was 7.39/1 000; the rate for pig farms was 2.68/1 000; and the rate for farmers’ courtyards without pigsties was zero. Conclusions The high-prevalence regions of adult JE investigated in this study are still the natural epidemic focus of JEV. Having pigsties near dwellings is a potential risk factor contributing to the prevalence of adult JE. To prevent the occurrence of local adult JE cases, a recommendation was raised that, besides continuing to implement the Expanded Program on Immunization for children, the government should urge local farmers to cease raising pigs in their own courtyards to reduce the probability of infection with JEV. |
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Pigsties near dwellings as a potential risk factor for the prevalence of Japanese encephalitis virus in adult in Shanxi, China |
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https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40249-017-0312-4 |
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Fu, Shihong Dai, Peifang Wang, Huanyu Li, Yuanyuan Li, Xiaolong Lei, Wenwen Gao, Xiaoyan He, Ying Lv, Zhi Cheng, Jingxia Wang, Guiqin Liang, Guodong |
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Fu, Shihong Dai, Peifang Wang, Huanyu Li, Yuanyuan Li, Xiaolong Lei, Wenwen Gao, Xiaoyan He, Ying Lv, Zhi Cheng, Jingxia Wang, Guiqin Liang, Guodong |
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