Cardiac Haemodynamics with Nebivolol and Metoprolol in Patients with Essential Hypertension
Summary As part of a multicentre double-blind comparative study of the effects of metoprolol and nebivolol in patients with hypertension in Czechoslovakia, systolic time intervals (STIs) were used to evaluate the effects of these drugs after 3 months. Examination of STIs was performed in 29 subjects...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Autor*in: |
Havránek, P. [verfasserIn] Stepanek, Z. [verfasserIn] |
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Format: |
E-Artikel |
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Sprache: |
Englisch |
Erschienen: |
1991 |
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Schlagwörter: |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Clinical drug investigation - Berlin [u.a.] : Springer, 1989, 3(1991), Suppl 1 vom: Jan., Seite 146-151 |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:3 ; year:1991 ; number:Suppl 1 ; month:01 ; pages:146-151 |
Links: |
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DOI / URN: |
10.1007/BF03258287 |
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Katalog-ID: |
SPR032996187 |
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520 | |a Summary As part of a multicentre double-blind comparative study of the effects of metoprolol and nebivolol in patients with hypertension in Czechoslovakia, systolic time intervals (STIs) were used to evaluate the effects of these drugs after 3 months. Examination of STIs was performed in 29 subjects with essential hypertension before and after 1, 2 and 3 months’ treatment with either metoprolol 100mg twice daily or nebivolol 5mg once daily. High speed recordings of ECG, phonocardiogram, carotid pulse tracing and its first and second derivative were used to measure total electromechanical systole ($ QS_{2} $), left ventricular ejection time (LVET), pre-ejection period (PEP) and the PEP: LVET ratio. The values obtained were corrected for heart rate at 72 beats/min (intervals with c index). A significant slowing of the heart rate was found with both drugs but bradycardia was more pronounced with metoprolol. There were no significant changes in the $ QS_{2} $ with either drug. In the second and third month of treatment, there was a tendency for LVET corrected for heart rate ($ LVET_{c} $) to be prolonged only in the group of patients treated with nebivolol. The most important differences were observed in changes in the PEP. From the second month, the PEP values increased with metoprolol and decreased with nebivolol. These changes were statistically significant. The PEP: LVET ratio did not change with metoprolol, but was significantly reduced with nebivolol in the 29 patients studied. The shortening of the PEP and the reduction in the PEP: LVET ratio were considered to be sensitive parameters, reflecting beneficial effects of a drug on left ventricular performance and correlating with either increased stroke volume or improvement in other fundamental parameters of ventricular function. We conclude that we can show cardiac haemodynamic differences between nebivolol and metoprolol and can demonstrate favourable characteristics in the haemodynamic response to nebivolol. | ||
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650 | 4 | |a Essential Hypertension |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
650 | 4 | |a Nebivolol |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
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10.1007/BF03258287 doi (DE-627)SPR032996187 (SPR)BF03258287-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 ASE 44.40 bkl Havránek, P. verfasserin aut Cardiac Haemodynamics with Nebivolol and Metoprolol in Patients with Essential Hypertension 1991 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Summary As part of a multicentre double-blind comparative study of the effects of metoprolol and nebivolol in patients with hypertension in Czechoslovakia, systolic time intervals (STIs) were used to evaluate the effects of these drugs after 3 months. Examination of STIs was performed in 29 subjects with essential hypertension before and after 1, 2 and 3 months’ treatment with either metoprolol 100mg twice daily or nebivolol 5mg once daily. High speed recordings of ECG, phonocardiogram, carotid pulse tracing and its first and second derivative were used to measure total electromechanical systole ($ QS_{2} $), left ventricular ejection time (LVET), pre-ejection period (PEP) and the PEP: LVET ratio. The values obtained were corrected for heart rate at 72 beats/min (intervals with c index). A significant slowing of the heart rate was found with both drugs but bradycardia was more pronounced with metoprolol. There were no significant changes in the $ QS_{2} $ with either drug. In the second and third month of treatment, there was a tendency for LVET corrected for heart rate ($ LVET_{c} $) to be prolonged only in the group of patients treated with nebivolol. The most important differences were observed in changes in the PEP. From the second month, the PEP values increased with metoprolol and decreased with nebivolol. These changes were statistically significant. The PEP: LVET ratio did not change with metoprolol, but was significantly reduced with nebivolol in the 29 patients studied. The shortening of the PEP and the reduction in the PEP: LVET ratio were considered to be sensitive parameters, reflecting beneficial effects of a drug on left ventricular performance and correlating with either increased stroke volume or improvement in other fundamental parameters of ventricular function. We conclude that we can show cardiac haemodynamic differences between nebivolol and metoprolol and can demonstrate favourable characteristics in the haemodynamic response to nebivolol. Metoprolol (dpeaa)DE-He213 Essential Hypertension (dpeaa)DE-He213 Nebivolol (dpeaa)DE-He213 Systolic Time Interval (dpeaa)DE-He213 Leave Ventricular Ejection Time (dpeaa)DE-He213 Stepanek, Z. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Clinical drug investigation Berlin [u.a.] : Springer, 1989 3(1991), Suppl 1 vom: Jan., Seite 146-151 (DE-627)327645083 (DE-600)2043793-6 1179-1918 nnns volume:3 year:1991 number:Suppl 1 month:01 pages:146-151 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03258287 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OPC-PHA SSG-OPC-ASE GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2190 44.40 ASE AR 3 1991 Suppl 1 01 146-151 |
spelling |
10.1007/BF03258287 doi (DE-627)SPR032996187 (SPR)BF03258287-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 ASE 44.40 bkl Havránek, P. verfasserin aut Cardiac Haemodynamics with Nebivolol and Metoprolol in Patients with Essential Hypertension 1991 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Summary As part of a multicentre double-blind comparative study of the effects of metoprolol and nebivolol in patients with hypertension in Czechoslovakia, systolic time intervals (STIs) were used to evaluate the effects of these drugs after 3 months. Examination of STIs was performed in 29 subjects with essential hypertension before and after 1, 2 and 3 months’ treatment with either metoprolol 100mg twice daily or nebivolol 5mg once daily. High speed recordings of ECG, phonocardiogram, carotid pulse tracing and its first and second derivative were used to measure total electromechanical systole ($ QS_{2} $), left ventricular ejection time (LVET), pre-ejection period (PEP) and the PEP: LVET ratio. The values obtained were corrected for heart rate at 72 beats/min (intervals with c index). A significant slowing of the heart rate was found with both drugs but bradycardia was more pronounced with metoprolol. There were no significant changes in the $ QS_{2} $ with either drug. In the second and third month of treatment, there was a tendency for LVET corrected for heart rate ($ LVET_{c} $) to be prolonged only in the group of patients treated with nebivolol. The most important differences were observed in changes in the PEP. From the second month, the PEP values increased with metoprolol and decreased with nebivolol. These changes were statistically significant. The PEP: LVET ratio did not change with metoprolol, but was significantly reduced with nebivolol in the 29 patients studied. The shortening of the PEP and the reduction in the PEP: LVET ratio were considered to be sensitive parameters, reflecting beneficial effects of a drug on left ventricular performance and correlating with either increased stroke volume or improvement in other fundamental parameters of ventricular function. We conclude that we can show cardiac haemodynamic differences between nebivolol and metoprolol and can demonstrate favourable characteristics in the haemodynamic response to nebivolol. Metoprolol (dpeaa)DE-He213 Essential Hypertension (dpeaa)DE-He213 Nebivolol (dpeaa)DE-He213 Systolic Time Interval (dpeaa)DE-He213 Leave Ventricular Ejection Time (dpeaa)DE-He213 Stepanek, Z. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Clinical drug investigation Berlin [u.a.] : Springer, 1989 3(1991), Suppl 1 vom: Jan., Seite 146-151 (DE-627)327645083 (DE-600)2043793-6 1179-1918 nnns volume:3 year:1991 number:Suppl 1 month:01 pages:146-151 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03258287 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OPC-PHA SSG-OPC-ASE GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2190 44.40 ASE AR 3 1991 Suppl 1 01 146-151 |
allfields_unstemmed |
10.1007/BF03258287 doi (DE-627)SPR032996187 (SPR)BF03258287-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 ASE 44.40 bkl Havránek, P. verfasserin aut Cardiac Haemodynamics with Nebivolol and Metoprolol in Patients with Essential Hypertension 1991 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Summary As part of a multicentre double-blind comparative study of the effects of metoprolol and nebivolol in patients with hypertension in Czechoslovakia, systolic time intervals (STIs) were used to evaluate the effects of these drugs after 3 months. Examination of STIs was performed in 29 subjects with essential hypertension before and after 1, 2 and 3 months’ treatment with either metoprolol 100mg twice daily or nebivolol 5mg once daily. High speed recordings of ECG, phonocardiogram, carotid pulse tracing and its first and second derivative were used to measure total electromechanical systole ($ QS_{2} $), left ventricular ejection time (LVET), pre-ejection period (PEP) and the PEP: LVET ratio. The values obtained were corrected for heart rate at 72 beats/min (intervals with c index). A significant slowing of the heart rate was found with both drugs but bradycardia was more pronounced with metoprolol. There were no significant changes in the $ QS_{2} $ with either drug. In the second and third month of treatment, there was a tendency for LVET corrected for heart rate ($ LVET_{c} $) to be prolonged only in the group of patients treated with nebivolol. The most important differences were observed in changes in the PEP. From the second month, the PEP values increased with metoprolol and decreased with nebivolol. These changes were statistically significant. The PEP: LVET ratio did not change with metoprolol, but was significantly reduced with nebivolol in the 29 patients studied. The shortening of the PEP and the reduction in the PEP: LVET ratio were considered to be sensitive parameters, reflecting beneficial effects of a drug on left ventricular performance and correlating with either increased stroke volume or improvement in other fundamental parameters of ventricular function. We conclude that we can show cardiac haemodynamic differences between nebivolol and metoprolol and can demonstrate favourable characteristics in the haemodynamic response to nebivolol. Metoprolol (dpeaa)DE-He213 Essential Hypertension (dpeaa)DE-He213 Nebivolol (dpeaa)DE-He213 Systolic Time Interval (dpeaa)DE-He213 Leave Ventricular Ejection Time (dpeaa)DE-He213 Stepanek, Z. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Clinical drug investigation Berlin [u.a.] : Springer, 1989 3(1991), Suppl 1 vom: Jan., Seite 146-151 (DE-627)327645083 (DE-600)2043793-6 1179-1918 nnns volume:3 year:1991 number:Suppl 1 month:01 pages:146-151 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03258287 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OPC-PHA SSG-OPC-ASE GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2190 44.40 ASE AR 3 1991 Suppl 1 01 146-151 |
allfieldsGer |
10.1007/BF03258287 doi (DE-627)SPR032996187 (SPR)BF03258287-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 ASE 44.40 bkl Havránek, P. verfasserin aut Cardiac Haemodynamics with Nebivolol and Metoprolol in Patients with Essential Hypertension 1991 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Summary As part of a multicentre double-blind comparative study of the effects of metoprolol and nebivolol in patients with hypertension in Czechoslovakia, systolic time intervals (STIs) were used to evaluate the effects of these drugs after 3 months. Examination of STIs was performed in 29 subjects with essential hypertension before and after 1, 2 and 3 months’ treatment with either metoprolol 100mg twice daily or nebivolol 5mg once daily. High speed recordings of ECG, phonocardiogram, carotid pulse tracing and its first and second derivative were used to measure total electromechanical systole ($ QS_{2} $), left ventricular ejection time (LVET), pre-ejection period (PEP) and the PEP: LVET ratio. The values obtained were corrected for heart rate at 72 beats/min (intervals with c index). A significant slowing of the heart rate was found with both drugs but bradycardia was more pronounced with metoprolol. There were no significant changes in the $ QS_{2} $ with either drug. In the second and third month of treatment, there was a tendency for LVET corrected for heart rate ($ LVET_{c} $) to be prolonged only in the group of patients treated with nebivolol. The most important differences were observed in changes in the PEP. From the second month, the PEP values increased with metoprolol and decreased with nebivolol. These changes were statistically significant. The PEP: LVET ratio did not change with metoprolol, but was significantly reduced with nebivolol in the 29 patients studied. The shortening of the PEP and the reduction in the PEP: LVET ratio were considered to be sensitive parameters, reflecting beneficial effects of a drug on left ventricular performance and correlating with either increased stroke volume or improvement in other fundamental parameters of ventricular function. We conclude that we can show cardiac haemodynamic differences between nebivolol and metoprolol and can demonstrate favourable characteristics in the haemodynamic response to nebivolol. Metoprolol (dpeaa)DE-He213 Essential Hypertension (dpeaa)DE-He213 Nebivolol (dpeaa)DE-He213 Systolic Time Interval (dpeaa)DE-He213 Leave Ventricular Ejection Time (dpeaa)DE-He213 Stepanek, Z. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Clinical drug investigation Berlin [u.a.] : Springer, 1989 3(1991), Suppl 1 vom: Jan., Seite 146-151 (DE-627)327645083 (DE-600)2043793-6 1179-1918 nnns volume:3 year:1991 number:Suppl 1 month:01 pages:146-151 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03258287 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OPC-PHA SSG-OPC-ASE GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2190 44.40 ASE AR 3 1991 Suppl 1 01 146-151 |
allfieldsSound |
10.1007/BF03258287 doi (DE-627)SPR032996187 (SPR)BF03258287-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 ASE 44.40 bkl Havránek, P. verfasserin aut Cardiac Haemodynamics with Nebivolol and Metoprolol in Patients with Essential Hypertension 1991 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Summary As part of a multicentre double-blind comparative study of the effects of metoprolol and nebivolol in patients with hypertension in Czechoslovakia, systolic time intervals (STIs) were used to evaluate the effects of these drugs after 3 months. Examination of STIs was performed in 29 subjects with essential hypertension before and after 1, 2 and 3 months’ treatment with either metoprolol 100mg twice daily or nebivolol 5mg once daily. High speed recordings of ECG, phonocardiogram, carotid pulse tracing and its first and second derivative were used to measure total electromechanical systole ($ QS_{2} $), left ventricular ejection time (LVET), pre-ejection period (PEP) and the PEP: LVET ratio. The values obtained were corrected for heart rate at 72 beats/min (intervals with c index). A significant slowing of the heart rate was found with both drugs but bradycardia was more pronounced with metoprolol. There were no significant changes in the $ QS_{2} $ with either drug. In the second and third month of treatment, there was a tendency for LVET corrected for heart rate ($ LVET_{c} $) to be prolonged only in the group of patients treated with nebivolol. The most important differences were observed in changes in the PEP. From the second month, the PEP values increased with metoprolol and decreased with nebivolol. These changes were statistically significant. The PEP: LVET ratio did not change with metoprolol, but was significantly reduced with nebivolol in the 29 patients studied. The shortening of the PEP and the reduction in the PEP: LVET ratio were considered to be sensitive parameters, reflecting beneficial effects of a drug on left ventricular performance and correlating with either increased stroke volume or improvement in other fundamental parameters of ventricular function. We conclude that we can show cardiac haemodynamic differences between nebivolol and metoprolol and can demonstrate favourable characteristics in the haemodynamic response to nebivolol. Metoprolol (dpeaa)DE-He213 Essential Hypertension (dpeaa)DE-He213 Nebivolol (dpeaa)DE-He213 Systolic Time Interval (dpeaa)DE-He213 Leave Ventricular Ejection Time (dpeaa)DE-He213 Stepanek, Z. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Clinical drug investigation Berlin [u.a.] : Springer, 1989 3(1991), Suppl 1 vom: Jan., Seite 146-151 (DE-627)327645083 (DE-600)2043793-6 1179-1918 nnns volume:3 year:1991 number:Suppl 1 month:01 pages:146-151 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03258287 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OPC-PHA SSG-OPC-ASE GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2190 44.40 ASE AR 3 1991 Suppl 1 01 146-151 |
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Examination of STIs was performed in 29 subjects with essential hypertension before and after 1, 2 and 3 months’ treatment with either metoprolol 100mg twice daily or nebivolol 5mg once daily. High speed recordings of ECG, phonocardiogram, carotid pulse tracing and its first and second derivative were used to measure total electromechanical systole ($ QS_{2} $), left ventricular ejection time (LVET), pre-ejection period (PEP) and the PEP: LVET ratio. The values obtained were corrected for heart rate at 72 beats/min (intervals with c index). A significant slowing of the heart rate was found with both drugs but bradycardia was more pronounced with metoprolol. There were no significant changes in the $ QS_{2} $ with either drug. In the second and third month of treatment, there was a tendency for LVET corrected for heart rate ($ LVET_{c} $) to be prolonged only in the group of patients treated with nebivolol. The most important differences were observed in changes in the PEP. From the second month, the PEP values increased with metoprolol and decreased with nebivolol. These changes were statistically significant. The PEP: LVET ratio did not change with metoprolol, but was significantly reduced with nebivolol in the 29 patients studied. The shortening of the PEP and the reduction in the PEP: LVET ratio were considered to be sensitive parameters, reflecting beneficial effects of a drug on left ventricular performance and correlating with either increased stroke volume or improvement in other fundamental parameters of ventricular function. 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Havránek, P. ddc 610 bkl 44.40 misc Metoprolol misc Essential Hypertension misc Nebivolol misc Systolic Time Interval misc Leave Ventricular Ejection Time Cardiac Haemodynamics with Nebivolol and Metoprolol in Patients with Essential Hypertension |
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610 ASE 44.40 bkl Cardiac Haemodynamics with Nebivolol and Metoprolol in Patients with Essential Hypertension Metoprolol (dpeaa)DE-He213 Essential Hypertension (dpeaa)DE-He213 Nebivolol (dpeaa)DE-He213 Systolic Time Interval (dpeaa)DE-He213 Leave Ventricular Ejection Time (dpeaa)DE-He213 |
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cardiac haemodynamics with nebivolol and metoprolol in patients with essential hypertension |
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Cardiac Haemodynamics with Nebivolol and Metoprolol in Patients with Essential Hypertension |
abstract |
Summary As part of a multicentre double-blind comparative study of the effects of metoprolol and nebivolol in patients with hypertension in Czechoslovakia, systolic time intervals (STIs) were used to evaluate the effects of these drugs after 3 months. Examination of STIs was performed in 29 subjects with essential hypertension before and after 1, 2 and 3 months’ treatment with either metoprolol 100mg twice daily or nebivolol 5mg once daily. High speed recordings of ECG, phonocardiogram, carotid pulse tracing and its first and second derivative were used to measure total electromechanical systole ($ QS_{2} $), left ventricular ejection time (LVET), pre-ejection period (PEP) and the PEP: LVET ratio. The values obtained were corrected for heart rate at 72 beats/min (intervals with c index). A significant slowing of the heart rate was found with both drugs but bradycardia was more pronounced with metoprolol. There were no significant changes in the $ QS_{2} $ with either drug. In the second and third month of treatment, there was a tendency for LVET corrected for heart rate ($ LVET_{c} $) to be prolonged only in the group of patients treated with nebivolol. The most important differences were observed in changes in the PEP. From the second month, the PEP values increased with metoprolol and decreased with nebivolol. These changes were statistically significant. The PEP: LVET ratio did not change with metoprolol, but was significantly reduced with nebivolol in the 29 patients studied. The shortening of the PEP and the reduction in the PEP: LVET ratio were considered to be sensitive parameters, reflecting beneficial effects of a drug on left ventricular performance and correlating with either increased stroke volume or improvement in other fundamental parameters of ventricular function. We conclude that we can show cardiac haemodynamic differences between nebivolol and metoprolol and can demonstrate favourable characteristics in the haemodynamic response to nebivolol. |
abstractGer |
Summary As part of a multicentre double-blind comparative study of the effects of metoprolol and nebivolol in patients with hypertension in Czechoslovakia, systolic time intervals (STIs) were used to evaluate the effects of these drugs after 3 months. Examination of STIs was performed in 29 subjects with essential hypertension before and after 1, 2 and 3 months’ treatment with either metoprolol 100mg twice daily or nebivolol 5mg once daily. High speed recordings of ECG, phonocardiogram, carotid pulse tracing and its first and second derivative were used to measure total electromechanical systole ($ QS_{2} $), left ventricular ejection time (LVET), pre-ejection period (PEP) and the PEP: LVET ratio. The values obtained were corrected for heart rate at 72 beats/min (intervals with c index). A significant slowing of the heart rate was found with both drugs but bradycardia was more pronounced with metoprolol. There were no significant changes in the $ QS_{2} $ with either drug. In the second and third month of treatment, there was a tendency for LVET corrected for heart rate ($ LVET_{c} $) to be prolonged only in the group of patients treated with nebivolol. The most important differences were observed in changes in the PEP. From the second month, the PEP values increased with metoprolol and decreased with nebivolol. These changes were statistically significant. The PEP: LVET ratio did not change with metoprolol, but was significantly reduced with nebivolol in the 29 patients studied. The shortening of the PEP and the reduction in the PEP: LVET ratio were considered to be sensitive parameters, reflecting beneficial effects of a drug on left ventricular performance and correlating with either increased stroke volume or improvement in other fundamental parameters of ventricular function. We conclude that we can show cardiac haemodynamic differences between nebivolol and metoprolol and can demonstrate favourable characteristics in the haemodynamic response to nebivolol. |
abstract_unstemmed |
Summary As part of a multicentre double-blind comparative study of the effects of metoprolol and nebivolol in patients with hypertension in Czechoslovakia, systolic time intervals (STIs) were used to evaluate the effects of these drugs after 3 months. Examination of STIs was performed in 29 subjects with essential hypertension before and after 1, 2 and 3 months’ treatment with either metoprolol 100mg twice daily or nebivolol 5mg once daily. High speed recordings of ECG, phonocardiogram, carotid pulse tracing and its first and second derivative were used to measure total electromechanical systole ($ QS_{2} $), left ventricular ejection time (LVET), pre-ejection period (PEP) and the PEP: LVET ratio. The values obtained were corrected for heart rate at 72 beats/min (intervals with c index). A significant slowing of the heart rate was found with both drugs but bradycardia was more pronounced with metoprolol. There were no significant changes in the $ QS_{2} $ with either drug. In the second and third month of treatment, there was a tendency for LVET corrected for heart rate ($ LVET_{c} $) to be prolonged only in the group of patients treated with nebivolol. The most important differences were observed in changes in the PEP. From the second month, the PEP values increased with metoprolol and decreased with nebivolol. These changes were statistically significant. The PEP: LVET ratio did not change with metoprolol, but was significantly reduced with nebivolol in the 29 patients studied. The shortening of the PEP and the reduction in the PEP: LVET ratio were considered to be sensitive parameters, reflecting beneficial effects of a drug on left ventricular performance and correlating with either increased stroke volume or improvement in other fundamental parameters of ventricular function. We conclude that we can show cardiac haemodynamic differences between nebivolol and metoprolol and can demonstrate favourable characteristics in the haemodynamic response to nebivolol. |
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