Effects of Exercise Training in Hypoxia Versus Normoxia on Vascular Health

Background Exercise training (ExT) prompts multiple beneficial adaptations associated with vascular health, such as increases in skeletal muscle capillarization and vascular dilator function and decreases in arterial stiffness. However, whether ExT performed in hypoxic conditions induces enhanced effects is unclear. Objective We sought to systematically review the literature and determine whether hypoxic ExT leads to superior vascular adaptations compared with normoxic ExT. Methods We searched MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science from their inception until September 2015 for articles assessing vascular adaptations to ExT performed under hypoxic and normoxic conditions. We performed meta-analyses to determine the standardized mean difference (SMD) between the effects of ExT performed in hypoxia versus normoxia on vascular adaptations. We assessed heterogeneity among studies using I2 statistics and evaluated publication bias via the Begg and Mazumdar’s rank correlation test and Egger’s regression test. Results After systematic review, we included 21 controlled studies, including a total of 331 individuals (mean age 19–57 years, 265 males). ExT programs primarily consisted of cycling endurance training performed in normobaric hypoxia or normoxia; duration ranged from 3 to 10 weeks. The exercise intensity was similar in relative terms in the groups trained in hypoxia and normoxia in the majority of studies (17 of 21). After data pooling, skeletal muscle capillarization (n = 182, SMD = 0.40, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.10–0.70; P = 0.01) and vascular dilator function (n = 71, SMD = 0.67, 95 % CI 0.17–1.18; P = 0.009) but not arterial stiffness (n = 112, SMD = −0.03, 95 % CI −0.69 to 0.63; P = 0.93), were enhanced with ExT performed in hypoxia versus normoxia. We only found heterogeneity among studies assessing arterial stiffness (I2 = 63 %, P = 0.02), and no publication bias was detected. Conclusion Based on current published studies, hypoxic ExT potentiates vascular adaptations related to skeletal muscle capillarization and dilator function. These findings may contribute to establishing effective exercise programs designed to enhance vascular health. Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Montero, David [verfasserIn] Lundby, Carsten

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2016

Schlagwörter:	Arterial Stiffness Pulse Wave Velocity Standardize Mean Difference Hypobaric Hypoxia Normobaric Hypoxia

Anmerkung:	© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Sports medicine - Berlin [u.a.] : Springer, 1984, 46(2016), 11 vom: 10. Juni, Seite 1725-1736
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:46 ; year:2016 ; number:11 ; day:10 ; month:06 ; pages:1725-1736

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1007/s40279-016-0570-5

Katalog-ID:	SPR035635339

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520			\|a Background Exercise training (ExT) prompts multiple beneficial adaptations associated with vascular health, such as increases in skeletal muscle capillarization and vascular dilator function and decreases in arterial stiffness. However, whether ExT performed in hypoxic conditions induces enhanced effects is unclear. Objective We sought to systematically review the literature and determine whether hypoxic ExT leads to superior vascular adaptations compared with normoxic ExT. Methods We searched MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science from their inception until September 2015 for articles assessing vascular adaptations to ExT performed under hypoxic and normoxic conditions. We performed meta-analyses to determine the standardized mean difference (SMD) between the effects of ExT performed in hypoxia versus normoxia on vascular adaptations. We assessed heterogeneity among studies using I2 statistics and evaluated publication bias via the Begg and Mazumdar’s rank correlation test and Egger’s regression test. Results After systematic review, we included 21 controlled studies, including a total of 331 individuals (mean age 19–57 years, 265 males). ExT programs primarily consisted of cycling endurance training performed in normobaric hypoxia or normoxia; duration ranged from 3 to 10 weeks. The exercise intensity was similar in relative terms in the groups trained in hypoxia and normoxia in the majority of studies (17 of 21). After data pooling, skeletal muscle capillarization (n = 182, SMD = 0.40, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.10–0.70; P = 0.01) and vascular dilator function (n = 71, SMD = 0.67, 95 % CI 0.17–1.18; P = 0.009) but not arterial stiffness (n = 112, SMD = −0.03, 95 % CI −0.69 to 0.63; P = 0.93), were enhanced with ExT performed in hypoxia versus normoxia. We only found heterogeneity among studies assessing arterial stiffness (I2 = 63 %, P = 0.02), and no publication bias was detected. Conclusion Based on current published studies, hypoxic ExT potentiates vascular adaptations related to skeletal muscle capillarization and dilator function. These findings may contribute to establishing effective exercise programs designed to enhance vascular health.
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allfields	10.1007/s40279-016-0570-5 doi (DE-627)SPR035635339 (SPR)s40279-016-0570-5-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Montero, David verfasserin aut Effects of Exercise Training in Hypoxia Versus Normoxia on Vascular Health 2016 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 Background Exercise training (ExT) prompts multiple beneficial adaptations associated with vascular health, such as increases in skeletal muscle capillarization and vascular dilator function and decreases in arterial stiffness. However, whether ExT performed in hypoxic conditions induces enhanced effects is unclear. Objective We sought to systematically review the literature and determine whether hypoxic ExT leads to superior vascular adaptations compared with normoxic ExT. Methods We searched MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science from their inception until September 2015 for articles assessing vascular adaptations to ExT performed under hypoxic and normoxic conditions. We performed meta-analyses to determine the standardized mean difference (SMD) between the effects of ExT performed in hypoxia versus normoxia on vascular adaptations. We assessed heterogeneity among studies using I2 statistics and evaluated publication bias via the Begg and Mazumdar’s rank correlation test and Egger’s regression test. Results After systematic review, we included 21 controlled studies, including a total of 331 individuals (mean age 19–57 years, 265 males). ExT programs primarily consisted of cycling endurance training performed in normobaric hypoxia or normoxia; duration ranged from 3 to 10 weeks. The exercise intensity was similar in relative terms in the groups trained in hypoxia and normoxia in the majority of studies (17 of 21). After data pooling, skeletal muscle capillarization (n = 182, SMD = 0.40, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.10–0.70; P = 0.01) and vascular dilator function (n = 71, SMD = 0.67, 95 % CI 0.17–1.18; P = 0.009) but not arterial stiffness (n = 112, SMD = −0.03, 95 % CI −0.69 to 0.63; P = 0.93), were enhanced with ExT performed in hypoxia versus normoxia. We only found heterogeneity among studies assessing arterial stiffness (I2 = 63 %, P = 0.02), and no publication bias was detected. Conclusion Based on current published studies, hypoxic ExT potentiates vascular adaptations related to skeletal muscle capillarization and dilator function. These findings may contribute to establishing effective exercise programs designed to enhance vascular health. Arterial Stiffness (dpeaa)DE-He213 Pulse Wave Velocity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Standardize Mean Difference (dpeaa)DE-He213 Hypobaric Hypoxia (dpeaa)DE-He213 Normobaric Hypoxia (dpeaa)DE-He213 Lundby, Carsten aut Enthalten in Sports medicine Berlin [u.a.] : Springer, 1984 46(2016), 11 vom: 10. Juni, Seite 1725-1736 (DE-627)32064717X (DE-600)2025521-4 1179-2035 nnns volume:46 year:2016 number:11 day:10 month:06 pages:1725-1736 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0570-5 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_266 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 46 2016 11 10 06 1725-1736
spelling	10.1007/s40279-016-0570-5 doi (DE-627)SPR035635339 (SPR)s40279-016-0570-5-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Montero, David verfasserin aut Effects of Exercise Training in Hypoxia Versus Normoxia on Vascular Health 2016 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 Background Exercise training (ExT) prompts multiple beneficial adaptations associated with vascular health, such as increases in skeletal muscle capillarization and vascular dilator function and decreases in arterial stiffness. However, whether ExT performed in hypoxic conditions induces enhanced effects is unclear. Objective We sought to systematically review the literature and determine whether hypoxic ExT leads to superior vascular adaptations compared with normoxic ExT. Methods We searched MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science from their inception until September 2015 for articles assessing vascular adaptations to ExT performed under hypoxic and normoxic conditions. We performed meta-analyses to determine the standardized mean difference (SMD) between the effects of ExT performed in hypoxia versus normoxia on vascular adaptations. We assessed heterogeneity among studies using I2 statistics and evaluated publication bias via the Begg and Mazumdar’s rank correlation test and Egger’s regression test. Results After systematic review, we included 21 controlled studies, including a total of 331 individuals (mean age 19–57 years, 265 males). ExT programs primarily consisted of cycling endurance training performed in normobaric hypoxia or normoxia; duration ranged from 3 to 10 weeks. The exercise intensity was similar in relative terms in the groups trained in hypoxia and normoxia in the majority of studies (17 of 21). After data pooling, skeletal muscle capillarization (n = 182, SMD = 0.40, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.10–0.70; P = 0.01) and vascular dilator function (n = 71, SMD = 0.67, 95 % CI 0.17–1.18; P = 0.009) but not arterial stiffness (n = 112, SMD = −0.03, 95 % CI −0.69 to 0.63; P = 0.93), were enhanced with ExT performed in hypoxia versus normoxia. We only found heterogeneity among studies assessing arterial stiffness (I2 = 63 %, P = 0.02), and no publication bias was detected. Conclusion Based on current published studies, hypoxic ExT potentiates vascular adaptations related to skeletal muscle capillarization and dilator function. These findings may contribute to establishing effective exercise programs designed to enhance vascular health. Arterial Stiffness (dpeaa)DE-He213 Pulse Wave Velocity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Standardize Mean Difference (dpeaa)DE-He213 Hypobaric Hypoxia (dpeaa)DE-He213 Normobaric Hypoxia (dpeaa)DE-He213 Lundby, Carsten aut Enthalten in Sports medicine Berlin [u.a.] : Springer, 1984 46(2016), 11 vom: 10. Juni, Seite 1725-1736 (DE-627)32064717X (DE-600)2025521-4 1179-2035 nnns volume:46 year:2016 number:11 day:10 month:06 pages:1725-1736 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0570-5 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_266 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 46 2016 11 10 06 1725-1736
allfields_unstemmed	10.1007/s40279-016-0570-5 doi (DE-627)SPR035635339 (SPR)s40279-016-0570-5-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Montero, David verfasserin aut Effects of Exercise Training in Hypoxia Versus Normoxia on Vascular Health 2016 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 Background Exercise training (ExT) prompts multiple beneficial adaptations associated with vascular health, such as increases in skeletal muscle capillarization and vascular dilator function and decreases in arterial stiffness. However, whether ExT performed in hypoxic conditions induces enhanced effects is unclear. Objective We sought to systematically review the literature and determine whether hypoxic ExT leads to superior vascular adaptations compared with normoxic ExT. Methods We searched MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science from their inception until September 2015 for articles assessing vascular adaptations to ExT performed under hypoxic and normoxic conditions. We performed meta-analyses to determine the standardized mean difference (SMD) between the effects of ExT performed in hypoxia versus normoxia on vascular adaptations. We assessed heterogeneity among studies using I2 statistics and evaluated publication bias via the Begg and Mazumdar’s rank correlation test and Egger’s regression test. Results After systematic review, we included 21 controlled studies, including a total of 331 individuals (mean age 19–57 years, 265 males). ExT programs primarily consisted of cycling endurance training performed in normobaric hypoxia or normoxia; duration ranged from 3 to 10 weeks. The exercise intensity was similar in relative terms in the groups trained in hypoxia and normoxia in the majority of studies (17 of 21). After data pooling, skeletal muscle capillarization (n = 182, SMD = 0.40, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.10–0.70; P = 0.01) and vascular dilator function (n = 71, SMD = 0.67, 95 % CI 0.17–1.18; P = 0.009) but not arterial stiffness (n = 112, SMD = −0.03, 95 % CI −0.69 to 0.63; P = 0.93), were enhanced with ExT performed in hypoxia versus normoxia. We only found heterogeneity among studies assessing arterial stiffness (I2 = 63 %, P = 0.02), and no publication bias was detected. Conclusion Based on current published studies, hypoxic ExT potentiates vascular adaptations related to skeletal muscle capillarization and dilator function. These findings may contribute to establishing effective exercise programs designed to enhance vascular health. Arterial Stiffness (dpeaa)DE-He213 Pulse Wave Velocity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Standardize Mean Difference (dpeaa)DE-He213 Hypobaric Hypoxia (dpeaa)DE-He213 Normobaric Hypoxia (dpeaa)DE-He213 Lundby, Carsten aut Enthalten in Sports medicine Berlin [u.a.] : Springer, 1984 46(2016), 11 vom: 10. Juni, Seite 1725-1736 (DE-627)32064717X (DE-600)2025521-4 1179-2035 nnns volume:46 year:2016 number:11 day:10 month:06 pages:1725-1736 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0570-5 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_266 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 46 2016 11 10 06 1725-1736
allfieldsGer	10.1007/s40279-016-0570-5 doi (DE-627)SPR035635339 (SPR)s40279-016-0570-5-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Montero, David verfasserin aut Effects of Exercise Training in Hypoxia Versus Normoxia on Vascular Health 2016 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 Background Exercise training (ExT) prompts multiple beneficial adaptations associated with vascular health, such as increases in skeletal muscle capillarization and vascular dilator function and decreases in arterial stiffness. However, whether ExT performed in hypoxic conditions induces enhanced effects is unclear. Objective We sought to systematically review the literature and determine whether hypoxic ExT leads to superior vascular adaptations compared with normoxic ExT. Methods We searched MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science from their inception until September 2015 for articles assessing vascular adaptations to ExT performed under hypoxic and normoxic conditions. We performed meta-analyses to determine the standardized mean difference (SMD) between the effects of ExT performed in hypoxia versus normoxia on vascular adaptations. We assessed heterogeneity among studies using I2 statistics and evaluated publication bias via the Begg and Mazumdar’s rank correlation test and Egger’s regression test. Results After systematic review, we included 21 controlled studies, including a total of 331 individuals (mean age 19–57 years, 265 males). ExT programs primarily consisted of cycling endurance training performed in normobaric hypoxia or normoxia; duration ranged from 3 to 10 weeks. The exercise intensity was similar in relative terms in the groups trained in hypoxia and normoxia in the majority of studies (17 of 21). After data pooling, skeletal muscle capillarization (n = 182, SMD = 0.40, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.10–0.70; P = 0.01) and vascular dilator function (n = 71, SMD = 0.67, 95 % CI 0.17–1.18; P = 0.009) but not arterial stiffness (n = 112, SMD = −0.03, 95 % CI −0.69 to 0.63; P = 0.93), were enhanced with ExT performed in hypoxia versus normoxia. We only found heterogeneity among studies assessing arterial stiffness (I2 = 63 %, P = 0.02), and no publication bias was detected. Conclusion Based on current published studies, hypoxic ExT potentiates vascular adaptations related to skeletal muscle capillarization and dilator function. These findings may contribute to establishing effective exercise programs designed to enhance vascular health. Arterial Stiffness (dpeaa)DE-He213 Pulse Wave Velocity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Standardize Mean Difference (dpeaa)DE-He213 Hypobaric Hypoxia (dpeaa)DE-He213 Normobaric Hypoxia (dpeaa)DE-He213 Lundby, Carsten aut Enthalten in Sports medicine Berlin [u.a.] : Springer, 1984 46(2016), 11 vom: 10. Juni, Seite 1725-1736 (DE-627)32064717X (DE-600)2025521-4 1179-2035 nnns volume:46 year:2016 number:11 day:10 month:06 pages:1725-1736 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0570-5 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_266 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 46 2016 11 10 06 1725-1736
allfieldsSound	10.1007/s40279-016-0570-5 doi (DE-627)SPR035635339 (SPR)s40279-016-0570-5-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Montero, David verfasserin aut Effects of Exercise Training in Hypoxia Versus Normoxia on Vascular Health 2016 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 Background Exercise training (ExT) prompts multiple beneficial adaptations associated with vascular health, such as increases in skeletal muscle capillarization and vascular dilator function and decreases in arterial stiffness. However, whether ExT performed in hypoxic conditions induces enhanced effects is unclear. Objective We sought to systematically review the literature and determine whether hypoxic ExT leads to superior vascular adaptations compared with normoxic ExT. Methods We searched MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science from their inception until September 2015 for articles assessing vascular adaptations to ExT performed under hypoxic and normoxic conditions. We performed meta-analyses to determine the standardized mean difference (SMD) between the effects of ExT performed in hypoxia versus normoxia on vascular adaptations. We assessed heterogeneity among studies using I2 statistics and evaluated publication bias via the Begg and Mazumdar’s rank correlation test and Egger’s regression test. Results After systematic review, we included 21 controlled studies, including a total of 331 individuals (mean age 19–57 years, 265 males). ExT programs primarily consisted of cycling endurance training performed in normobaric hypoxia or normoxia; duration ranged from 3 to 10 weeks. The exercise intensity was similar in relative terms in the groups trained in hypoxia and normoxia in the majority of studies (17 of 21). After data pooling, skeletal muscle capillarization (n = 182, SMD = 0.40, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.10–0.70; P = 0.01) and vascular dilator function (n = 71, SMD = 0.67, 95 % CI 0.17–1.18; P = 0.009) but not arterial stiffness (n = 112, SMD = −0.03, 95 % CI −0.69 to 0.63; P = 0.93), were enhanced with ExT performed in hypoxia versus normoxia. We only found heterogeneity among studies assessing arterial stiffness (I2 = 63 %, P = 0.02), and no publication bias was detected. Conclusion Based on current published studies, hypoxic ExT potentiates vascular adaptations related to skeletal muscle capillarization and dilator function. These findings may contribute to establishing effective exercise programs designed to enhance vascular health. Arterial Stiffness (dpeaa)DE-He213 Pulse Wave Velocity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Standardize Mean Difference (dpeaa)DE-He213 Hypobaric Hypoxia (dpeaa)DE-He213 Normobaric Hypoxia (dpeaa)DE-He213 Lundby, Carsten aut Enthalten in Sports medicine Berlin [u.a.] : Springer, 1984 46(2016), 11 vom: 10. Juni, Seite 1725-1736 (DE-627)32064717X (DE-600)2025521-4 1179-2035 nnns volume:46 year:2016 number:11 day:10 month:06 pages:1725-1736 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0570-5 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_266 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 46 2016 11 10 06 1725-1736
language	English
source	Enthalten in Sports medicine 46(2016), 11 vom: 10. Juni, Seite 1725-1736 volume:46 year:2016 number:11 day:10 month:06 pages:1725-1736
sourceStr	Enthalten in Sports medicine 46(2016), 11 vom: 10. Juni, Seite 1725-1736 volume:46 year:2016 number:11 day:10 month:06 pages:1725-1736
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	Arterial Stiffness Pulse Wave Velocity Standardize Mean Difference Hypobaric Hypoxia Normobaric Hypoxia
isfreeaccess_bool	false
container_title	Sports medicine
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Montero, David @@aut@@ Lundby, Carsten @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2016-06-10T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	32064717X
id	SPR035635339
language_de	englisch
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However, whether ExT performed in hypoxic conditions induces enhanced effects is unclear. Objective We sought to systematically review the literature and determine whether hypoxic ExT leads to superior vascular adaptations compared with normoxic ExT. Methods We searched MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science from their inception until September 2015 for articles assessing vascular adaptations to ExT performed under hypoxic and normoxic conditions. We performed meta-analyses to determine the standardized mean difference (SMD) between the effects of ExT performed in hypoxia versus normoxia on vascular adaptations. We assessed heterogeneity among studies using I2 statistics and evaluated publication bias via the Begg and Mazumdar’s rank correlation test and Egger’s regression test. Results After systematic review, we included 21 controlled studies, including a total of 331 individuals (mean age 19–57 years, 265 males). ExT programs primarily consisted of cycling endurance training performed in normobaric hypoxia or normoxia; duration ranged from 3 to 10 weeks. The exercise intensity was similar in relative terms in the groups trained in hypoxia and normoxia in the majority of studies (17 of 21). After data pooling, skeletal muscle capillarization (n = 182, SMD = 0.40, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.10–0.70; P = 0.01) and vascular dilator function (n = 71, SMD = 0.67, 95 % CI 0.17–1.18; P = 0.009) but not arterial stiffness (n = 112, SMD = −0.03, 95 % CI −0.69 to 0.63; P = 0.93), were enhanced with ExT performed in hypoxia versus normoxia. We only found heterogeneity among studies assessing arterial stiffness (I2 = 63 %, P = 0.02), and no publication bias was detected. Conclusion Based on current published studies, hypoxic ExT potentiates vascular adaptations related to skeletal muscle capillarization and dilator function. 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author	Montero, David
spellingShingle	Montero, David misc Arterial Stiffness misc Pulse Wave Velocity misc Standardize Mean Difference misc Hypobaric Hypoxia misc Normobaric Hypoxia Effects of Exercise Training in Hypoxia Versus Normoxia on Vascular Health
authorStr	Montero, David
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topic_title	Effects of Exercise Training in Hypoxia Versus Normoxia on Vascular Health Arterial Stiffness (dpeaa)DE-He213 Pulse Wave Velocity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Standardize Mean Difference (dpeaa)DE-He213 Hypobaric Hypoxia (dpeaa)DE-He213 Normobaric Hypoxia (dpeaa)DE-He213
topic	misc Arterial Stiffness misc Pulse Wave Velocity misc Standardize Mean Difference misc Hypobaric Hypoxia misc Normobaric Hypoxia
topic_unstemmed	misc Arterial Stiffness misc Pulse Wave Velocity misc Standardize Mean Difference misc Hypobaric Hypoxia misc Normobaric Hypoxia
topic_browse	misc Arterial Stiffness misc Pulse Wave Velocity misc Standardize Mean Difference misc Hypobaric Hypoxia misc Normobaric Hypoxia
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title	Effects of Exercise Training in Hypoxia Versus Normoxia on Vascular Health
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title_full	Effects of Exercise Training in Hypoxia Versus Normoxia on Vascular Health
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author_browse	Montero, David Lundby, Carsten
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author-letter	Montero, David
doi_str_mv	10.1007/s40279-016-0570-5
title_sort	effects of exercise training in hypoxia versus normoxia on vascular health
title_auth	Effects of Exercise Training in Hypoxia Versus Normoxia on Vascular Health
abstract	Background Exercise training (ExT) prompts multiple beneficial adaptations associated with vascular health, such as increases in skeletal muscle capillarization and vascular dilator function and decreases in arterial stiffness. However, whether ExT performed in hypoxic conditions induces enhanced effects is unclear. Objective We sought to systematically review the literature and determine whether hypoxic ExT leads to superior vascular adaptations compared with normoxic ExT. Methods We searched MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science from their inception until September 2015 for articles assessing vascular adaptations to ExT performed under hypoxic and normoxic conditions. We performed meta-analyses to determine the standardized mean difference (SMD) between the effects of ExT performed in hypoxia versus normoxia on vascular adaptations. We assessed heterogeneity among studies using I2 statistics and evaluated publication bias via the Begg and Mazumdar’s rank correlation test and Egger’s regression test. Results After systematic review, we included 21 controlled studies, including a total of 331 individuals (mean age 19–57 years, 265 males). ExT programs primarily consisted of cycling endurance training performed in normobaric hypoxia or normoxia; duration ranged from 3 to 10 weeks. The exercise intensity was similar in relative terms in the groups trained in hypoxia and normoxia in the majority of studies (17 of 21). After data pooling, skeletal muscle capillarization (n = 182, SMD = 0.40, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.10–0.70; P = 0.01) and vascular dilator function (n = 71, SMD = 0.67, 95 % CI 0.17–1.18; P = 0.009) but not arterial stiffness (n = 112, SMD = −0.03, 95 % CI −0.69 to 0.63; P = 0.93), were enhanced with ExT performed in hypoxia versus normoxia. We only found heterogeneity among studies assessing arterial stiffness (I2 = 63 %, P = 0.02), and no publication bias was detected. Conclusion Based on current published studies, hypoxic ExT potentiates vascular adaptations related to skeletal muscle capillarization and dilator function. These findings may contribute to establishing effective exercise programs designed to enhance vascular health. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016
abstractGer	Background Exercise training (ExT) prompts multiple beneficial adaptations associated with vascular health, such as increases in skeletal muscle capillarization and vascular dilator function and decreases in arterial stiffness. However, whether ExT performed in hypoxic conditions induces enhanced effects is unclear. Objective We sought to systematically review the literature and determine whether hypoxic ExT leads to superior vascular adaptations compared with normoxic ExT. Methods We searched MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science from their inception until September 2015 for articles assessing vascular adaptations to ExT performed under hypoxic and normoxic conditions. We performed meta-analyses to determine the standardized mean difference (SMD) between the effects of ExT performed in hypoxia versus normoxia on vascular adaptations. We assessed heterogeneity among studies using I2 statistics and evaluated publication bias via the Begg and Mazumdar’s rank correlation test and Egger’s regression test. Results After systematic review, we included 21 controlled studies, including a total of 331 individuals (mean age 19–57 years, 265 males). ExT programs primarily consisted of cycling endurance training performed in normobaric hypoxia or normoxia; duration ranged from 3 to 10 weeks. The exercise intensity was similar in relative terms in the groups trained in hypoxia and normoxia in the majority of studies (17 of 21). After data pooling, skeletal muscle capillarization (n = 182, SMD = 0.40, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.10–0.70; P = 0.01) and vascular dilator function (n = 71, SMD = 0.67, 95 % CI 0.17–1.18; P = 0.009) but not arterial stiffness (n = 112, SMD = −0.03, 95 % CI −0.69 to 0.63; P = 0.93), were enhanced with ExT performed in hypoxia versus normoxia. We only found heterogeneity among studies assessing arterial stiffness (I2 = 63 %, P = 0.02), and no publication bias was detected. Conclusion Based on current published studies, hypoxic ExT potentiates vascular adaptations related to skeletal muscle capillarization and dilator function. These findings may contribute to establishing effective exercise programs designed to enhance vascular health. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016
abstract_unstemmed	Background Exercise training (ExT) prompts multiple beneficial adaptations associated with vascular health, such as increases in skeletal muscle capillarization and vascular dilator function and decreases in arterial stiffness. However, whether ExT performed in hypoxic conditions induces enhanced effects is unclear. Objective We sought to systematically review the literature and determine whether hypoxic ExT leads to superior vascular adaptations compared with normoxic ExT. Methods We searched MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science from their inception until September 2015 for articles assessing vascular adaptations to ExT performed under hypoxic and normoxic conditions. We performed meta-analyses to determine the standardized mean difference (SMD) between the effects of ExT performed in hypoxia versus normoxia on vascular adaptations. We assessed heterogeneity among studies using I2 statistics and evaluated publication bias via the Begg and Mazumdar’s rank correlation test and Egger’s regression test. Results After systematic review, we included 21 controlled studies, including a total of 331 individuals (mean age 19–57 years, 265 males). ExT programs primarily consisted of cycling endurance training performed in normobaric hypoxia or normoxia; duration ranged from 3 to 10 weeks. The exercise intensity was similar in relative terms in the groups trained in hypoxia and normoxia in the majority of studies (17 of 21). After data pooling, skeletal muscle capillarization (n = 182, SMD = 0.40, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.10–0.70; P = 0.01) and vascular dilator function (n = 71, SMD = 0.67, 95 % CI 0.17–1.18; P = 0.009) but not arterial stiffness (n = 112, SMD = −0.03, 95 % CI −0.69 to 0.63; P = 0.93), were enhanced with ExT performed in hypoxia versus normoxia. We only found heterogeneity among studies assessing arterial stiffness (I2 = 63 %, P = 0.02), and no publication bias was detected. Conclusion Based on current published studies, hypoxic ExT potentiates vascular adaptations related to skeletal muscle capillarization and dilator function. These findings may contribute to establishing effective exercise programs designed to enhance vascular health. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016
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container_issue	11
title_short	Effects of Exercise Training in Hypoxia Versus Normoxia on Vascular Health
url	https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0570-5
remote_bool	true
author2	Lundby, Carsten
author2Str	Lundby, Carsten
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doi_str	10.1007/s40279-016-0570-5
up_date	2024-07-03T15:25:21.322Z
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However, whether ExT performed in hypoxic conditions induces enhanced effects is unclear. Objective We sought to systematically review the literature and determine whether hypoxic ExT leads to superior vascular adaptations compared with normoxic ExT. Methods We searched MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science from their inception until September 2015 for articles assessing vascular adaptations to ExT performed under hypoxic and normoxic conditions. We performed meta-analyses to determine the standardized mean difference (SMD) between the effects of ExT performed in hypoxia versus normoxia on vascular adaptations. We assessed heterogeneity among studies using I2 statistics and evaluated publication bias via the Begg and Mazumdar’s rank correlation test and Egger’s regression test. Results After systematic review, we included 21 controlled studies, including a total of 331 individuals (mean age 19–57 years, 265 males). ExT programs primarily consisted of cycling endurance training performed in normobaric hypoxia or normoxia; duration ranged from 3 to 10 weeks. The exercise intensity was similar in relative terms in the groups trained in hypoxia and normoxia in the majority of studies (17 of 21). After data pooling, skeletal muscle capillarization (n = 182, SMD = 0.40, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.10–0.70; P = 0.01) and vascular dilator function (n = 71, SMD = 0.67, 95 % CI 0.17–1.18; P = 0.009) but not arterial stiffness (n = 112, SMD = −0.03, 95 % CI −0.69 to 0.63; P = 0.93), were enhanced with ExT performed in hypoxia versus normoxia. We only found heterogeneity among studies assessing arterial stiffness (I2 = 63 %, P = 0.02), and no publication bias was detected. Conclusion Based on current published studies, hypoxic ExT potentiates vascular adaptations related to skeletal muscle capillarization and dilator function. 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