Excess Healthcare Costs Associated with Excess Health Risks in Diseased and Non-Diseased Health Risk Appraisal Participants
Abstract Background: Concerns regarding the effectiveness and impact of disease management are largely based on disease compliance measures. Although disease management programs have measured improvements in compliance and quality of life and cost savings from reductions in hospitalizations and emer...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Musich, Shirley [verfasserIn] |
|---|
| Format: |
E-Artikel |
|---|---|
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2002 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Anmerkung: |
© Adis International Limited 2002 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Disease Management & Health Outcomes - Springer International Publishing, 1997, 10(2002), 4 vom: Apr., Seite 251-258 |
|---|---|
| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:10 ; year:2002 ; number:4 ; month:04 ; pages:251-258 |
| Links: |
|---|
| DOI / URN: |
10.2165/00115677-200210040-00007 |
|---|
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SPR035653604 |
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| 520 | |a Abstract Background: Concerns regarding the effectiveness and impact of disease management are largely based on disease compliance measures. Although disease management programs have measured improvements in compliance and quality of life and cost savings from reductions in hospitalizations and emergency room visits, few programs have focused on changing behavioral health risks not directly related to the specific disease. The basic relationship between behavioral health risks and healthcare costs shows that those individuals with more high-risk behaviors are associated with higher healthcare costs compared with those with low-risk behaviors. The concept of excess costs associated with excess risks is a calculation of theoretical maximum percent savings for an entire group assuming everyone reduces to low risk, and changes in healthcare costs follow the changes in risks. Objective: To establish the magnitude of excess healthcare costs associated with excess health risks, given a diagnosed chronic disease. Methods: 135 251 current and retired employees of General Motors Corporation who had completed a Health Risk Appraisal (HRA) were evaluated. Participants were continuously enrolled in traditional or Preferred Provider Organization (PPO) medical plans from 1996 to 1999 and had completed at least one HRA between 1996 and 1998. Results: Those with and without self-reported disease averaged 19.2 and 9.1% excess healthcare costs associated with excess health risks, respectively. However, the magnitude of the impact differed across age groups and diseases. Individuals less than 45 years of age with self-reported disease were most affected by the presence of additional health risks (44% excess costs) while those aged ≥65 years without disease were least affected (8.2% excess costs). Among those with diseases, those with diabetes mellitus and bronchitis/emphysema were most affected (19.2 and 21.0%, respectively). Conclusions: Disease management programs should ideally provide a systematic approach to assist patients with interventions that improve overall health, as well as focusing on disease compliance measures. The implications for disease management programs are that, even given the presence of disease, promoting and/or maintaining low-risk status can result in potential cost savings. | ||
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| 700 | 1 | |a Edington, Dee W. |4 aut | |
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10.2165/00115677-200210040-00007 doi (DE-627)SPR035653604 (SPR)00115677-200210040-00007-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Musich, Shirley verfasserin aut Excess Healthcare Costs Associated with Excess Health Risks in Diseased and Non-Diseased Health Risk Appraisal Participants 2002 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Adis International Limited 2002 Abstract Background: Concerns regarding the effectiveness and impact of disease management are largely based on disease compliance measures. Although disease management programs have measured improvements in compliance and quality of life and cost savings from reductions in hospitalizations and emergency room visits, few programs have focused on changing behavioral health risks not directly related to the specific disease. The basic relationship between behavioral health risks and healthcare costs shows that those individuals with more high-risk behaviors are associated with higher healthcare costs compared with those with low-risk behaviors. The concept of excess costs associated with excess risks is a calculation of theoretical maximum percent savings for an entire group assuming everyone reduces to low risk, and changes in healthcare costs follow the changes in risks. Objective: To establish the magnitude of excess healthcare costs associated with excess health risks, given a diagnosed chronic disease. Methods: 135 251 current and retired employees of General Motors Corporation who had completed a Health Risk Appraisal (HRA) were evaluated. Participants were continuously enrolled in traditional or Preferred Provider Organization (PPO) medical plans from 1996 to 1999 and had completed at least one HRA between 1996 and 1998. Results: Those with and without self-reported disease averaged 19.2 and 9.1% excess healthcare costs associated with excess health risks, respectively. However, the magnitude of the impact differed across age groups and diseases. Individuals less than 45 years of age with self-reported disease were most affected by the presence of additional health risks (44% excess costs) while those aged ≥65 years without disease were least affected (8.2% excess costs). Among those with diseases, those with diabetes mellitus and bronchitis/emphysema were most affected (19.2 and 21.0%, respectively). Conclusions: Disease management programs should ideally provide a systematic approach to assist patients with interventions that improve overall health, as well as focusing on disease compliance measures. The implications for disease management programs are that, even given the presence of disease, promoting and/or maintaining low-risk status can result in potential cost savings. Health Risk (dpeaa)DE-He213 Healthcare Cost (dpeaa)DE-He213 Disease Management Program (dpeaa)DE-He213 Excess Cost (dpeaa)DE-He213 Total Healthcare Cost (dpeaa)DE-He213 McDonald, Timothy aut Hirschland, David aut Edington, Dee W. aut Enthalten in Disease Management & Health Outcomes Springer International Publishing, 1997 10(2002), 4 vom: Apr., Seite 251-258 (DE-627)SPR035648813 nnns volume:10 year:2002 number:4 month:04 pages:251-258 https://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00115677-200210040-00007 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA AR 10 2002 4 04 251-258 |
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10.2165/00115677-200210040-00007 doi (DE-627)SPR035653604 (SPR)00115677-200210040-00007-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Musich, Shirley verfasserin aut Excess Healthcare Costs Associated with Excess Health Risks in Diseased and Non-Diseased Health Risk Appraisal Participants 2002 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Adis International Limited 2002 Abstract Background: Concerns regarding the effectiveness and impact of disease management are largely based on disease compliance measures. Although disease management programs have measured improvements in compliance and quality of life and cost savings from reductions in hospitalizations and emergency room visits, few programs have focused on changing behavioral health risks not directly related to the specific disease. The basic relationship between behavioral health risks and healthcare costs shows that those individuals with more high-risk behaviors are associated with higher healthcare costs compared with those with low-risk behaviors. The concept of excess costs associated with excess risks is a calculation of theoretical maximum percent savings for an entire group assuming everyone reduces to low risk, and changes in healthcare costs follow the changes in risks. Objective: To establish the magnitude of excess healthcare costs associated with excess health risks, given a diagnosed chronic disease. Methods: 135 251 current and retired employees of General Motors Corporation who had completed a Health Risk Appraisal (HRA) were evaluated. Participants were continuously enrolled in traditional or Preferred Provider Organization (PPO) medical plans from 1996 to 1999 and had completed at least one HRA between 1996 and 1998. Results: Those with and without self-reported disease averaged 19.2 and 9.1% excess healthcare costs associated with excess health risks, respectively. However, the magnitude of the impact differed across age groups and diseases. Individuals less than 45 years of age with self-reported disease were most affected by the presence of additional health risks (44% excess costs) while those aged ≥65 years without disease were least affected (8.2% excess costs). Among those with diseases, those with diabetes mellitus and bronchitis/emphysema were most affected (19.2 and 21.0%, respectively). Conclusions: Disease management programs should ideally provide a systematic approach to assist patients with interventions that improve overall health, as well as focusing on disease compliance measures. The implications for disease management programs are that, even given the presence of disease, promoting and/or maintaining low-risk status can result in potential cost savings. Health Risk (dpeaa)DE-He213 Healthcare Cost (dpeaa)DE-He213 Disease Management Program (dpeaa)DE-He213 Excess Cost (dpeaa)DE-He213 Total Healthcare Cost (dpeaa)DE-He213 McDonald, Timothy aut Hirschland, David aut Edington, Dee W. aut Enthalten in Disease Management & Health Outcomes Springer International Publishing, 1997 10(2002), 4 vom: Apr., Seite 251-258 (DE-627)SPR035648813 nnns volume:10 year:2002 number:4 month:04 pages:251-258 https://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00115677-200210040-00007 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA AR 10 2002 4 04 251-258 |
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10.2165/00115677-200210040-00007 doi (DE-627)SPR035653604 (SPR)00115677-200210040-00007-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Musich, Shirley verfasserin aut Excess Healthcare Costs Associated with Excess Health Risks in Diseased and Non-Diseased Health Risk Appraisal Participants 2002 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Adis International Limited 2002 Abstract Background: Concerns regarding the effectiveness and impact of disease management are largely based on disease compliance measures. Although disease management programs have measured improvements in compliance and quality of life and cost savings from reductions in hospitalizations and emergency room visits, few programs have focused on changing behavioral health risks not directly related to the specific disease. The basic relationship between behavioral health risks and healthcare costs shows that those individuals with more high-risk behaviors are associated with higher healthcare costs compared with those with low-risk behaviors. The concept of excess costs associated with excess risks is a calculation of theoretical maximum percent savings for an entire group assuming everyone reduces to low risk, and changes in healthcare costs follow the changes in risks. Objective: To establish the magnitude of excess healthcare costs associated with excess health risks, given a diagnosed chronic disease. Methods: 135 251 current and retired employees of General Motors Corporation who had completed a Health Risk Appraisal (HRA) were evaluated. Participants were continuously enrolled in traditional or Preferred Provider Organization (PPO) medical plans from 1996 to 1999 and had completed at least one HRA between 1996 and 1998. Results: Those with and without self-reported disease averaged 19.2 and 9.1% excess healthcare costs associated with excess health risks, respectively. However, the magnitude of the impact differed across age groups and diseases. Individuals less than 45 years of age with self-reported disease were most affected by the presence of additional health risks (44% excess costs) while those aged ≥65 years without disease were least affected (8.2% excess costs). Among those with diseases, those with diabetes mellitus and bronchitis/emphysema were most affected (19.2 and 21.0%, respectively). Conclusions: Disease management programs should ideally provide a systematic approach to assist patients with interventions that improve overall health, as well as focusing on disease compliance measures. The implications for disease management programs are that, even given the presence of disease, promoting and/or maintaining low-risk status can result in potential cost savings. Health Risk (dpeaa)DE-He213 Healthcare Cost (dpeaa)DE-He213 Disease Management Program (dpeaa)DE-He213 Excess Cost (dpeaa)DE-He213 Total Healthcare Cost (dpeaa)DE-He213 McDonald, Timothy aut Hirschland, David aut Edington, Dee W. aut Enthalten in Disease Management & Health Outcomes Springer International Publishing, 1997 10(2002), 4 vom: Apr., Seite 251-258 (DE-627)SPR035648813 nnns volume:10 year:2002 number:4 month:04 pages:251-258 https://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00115677-200210040-00007 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA AR 10 2002 4 04 251-258 |
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10.2165/00115677-200210040-00007 doi (DE-627)SPR035653604 (SPR)00115677-200210040-00007-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Musich, Shirley verfasserin aut Excess Healthcare Costs Associated with Excess Health Risks in Diseased and Non-Diseased Health Risk Appraisal Participants 2002 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Adis International Limited 2002 Abstract Background: Concerns regarding the effectiveness and impact of disease management are largely based on disease compliance measures. Although disease management programs have measured improvements in compliance and quality of life and cost savings from reductions in hospitalizations and emergency room visits, few programs have focused on changing behavioral health risks not directly related to the specific disease. The basic relationship between behavioral health risks and healthcare costs shows that those individuals with more high-risk behaviors are associated with higher healthcare costs compared with those with low-risk behaviors. The concept of excess costs associated with excess risks is a calculation of theoretical maximum percent savings for an entire group assuming everyone reduces to low risk, and changes in healthcare costs follow the changes in risks. Objective: To establish the magnitude of excess healthcare costs associated with excess health risks, given a diagnosed chronic disease. Methods: 135 251 current and retired employees of General Motors Corporation who had completed a Health Risk Appraisal (HRA) were evaluated. Participants were continuously enrolled in traditional or Preferred Provider Organization (PPO) medical plans from 1996 to 1999 and had completed at least one HRA between 1996 and 1998. Results: Those with and without self-reported disease averaged 19.2 and 9.1% excess healthcare costs associated with excess health risks, respectively. However, the magnitude of the impact differed across age groups and diseases. Individuals less than 45 years of age with self-reported disease were most affected by the presence of additional health risks (44% excess costs) while those aged ≥65 years without disease were least affected (8.2% excess costs). Among those with diseases, those with diabetes mellitus and bronchitis/emphysema were most affected (19.2 and 21.0%, respectively). Conclusions: Disease management programs should ideally provide a systematic approach to assist patients with interventions that improve overall health, as well as focusing on disease compliance measures. The implications for disease management programs are that, even given the presence of disease, promoting and/or maintaining low-risk status can result in potential cost savings. Health Risk (dpeaa)DE-He213 Healthcare Cost (dpeaa)DE-He213 Disease Management Program (dpeaa)DE-He213 Excess Cost (dpeaa)DE-He213 Total Healthcare Cost (dpeaa)DE-He213 McDonald, Timothy aut Hirschland, David aut Edington, Dee W. aut Enthalten in Disease Management & Health Outcomes Springer International Publishing, 1997 10(2002), 4 vom: Apr., Seite 251-258 (DE-627)SPR035648813 nnns volume:10 year:2002 number:4 month:04 pages:251-258 https://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00115677-200210040-00007 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA AR 10 2002 4 04 251-258 |
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10.2165/00115677-200210040-00007 doi (DE-627)SPR035653604 (SPR)00115677-200210040-00007-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Musich, Shirley verfasserin aut Excess Healthcare Costs Associated with Excess Health Risks in Diseased and Non-Diseased Health Risk Appraisal Participants 2002 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Adis International Limited 2002 Abstract Background: Concerns regarding the effectiveness and impact of disease management are largely based on disease compliance measures. Although disease management programs have measured improvements in compliance and quality of life and cost savings from reductions in hospitalizations and emergency room visits, few programs have focused on changing behavioral health risks not directly related to the specific disease. The basic relationship between behavioral health risks and healthcare costs shows that those individuals with more high-risk behaviors are associated with higher healthcare costs compared with those with low-risk behaviors. The concept of excess costs associated with excess risks is a calculation of theoretical maximum percent savings for an entire group assuming everyone reduces to low risk, and changes in healthcare costs follow the changes in risks. Objective: To establish the magnitude of excess healthcare costs associated with excess health risks, given a diagnosed chronic disease. Methods: 135 251 current and retired employees of General Motors Corporation who had completed a Health Risk Appraisal (HRA) were evaluated. Participants were continuously enrolled in traditional or Preferred Provider Organization (PPO) medical plans from 1996 to 1999 and had completed at least one HRA between 1996 and 1998. Results: Those with and without self-reported disease averaged 19.2 and 9.1% excess healthcare costs associated with excess health risks, respectively. However, the magnitude of the impact differed across age groups and diseases. Individuals less than 45 years of age with self-reported disease were most affected by the presence of additional health risks (44% excess costs) while those aged ≥65 years without disease were least affected (8.2% excess costs). Among those with diseases, those with diabetes mellitus and bronchitis/emphysema were most affected (19.2 and 21.0%, respectively). Conclusions: Disease management programs should ideally provide a systematic approach to assist patients with interventions that improve overall health, as well as focusing on disease compliance measures. The implications for disease management programs are that, even given the presence of disease, promoting and/or maintaining low-risk status can result in potential cost savings. Health Risk (dpeaa)DE-He213 Healthcare Cost (dpeaa)DE-He213 Disease Management Program (dpeaa)DE-He213 Excess Cost (dpeaa)DE-He213 Total Healthcare Cost (dpeaa)DE-He213 McDonald, Timothy aut Hirschland, David aut Edington, Dee W. aut Enthalten in Disease Management & Health Outcomes Springer International Publishing, 1997 10(2002), 4 vom: Apr., Seite 251-258 (DE-627)SPR035648813 nnns volume:10 year:2002 number:4 month:04 pages:251-258 https://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00115677-200210040-00007 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA AR 10 2002 4 04 251-258 |
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Methods: 135 251 current and retired employees of General Motors Corporation who had completed a Health Risk Appraisal (HRA) were evaluated. Participants were continuously enrolled in traditional or Preferred Provider Organization (PPO) medical plans from 1996 to 1999 and had completed at least one HRA between 1996 and 1998. Results: Those with and without self-reported disease averaged 19.2 and 9.1% excess healthcare costs associated with excess health risks, respectively. However, the magnitude of the impact differed across age groups and diseases. Individuals less than 45 years of age with self-reported disease were most affected by the presence of additional health risks (44% excess costs) while those aged ≥65 years without disease were least affected (8.2% excess costs). Among those with diseases, those with diabetes mellitus and bronchitis/emphysema were most affected (19.2 and 21.0%, respectively). 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Excess Healthcare Costs Associated with Excess Health Risks in Diseased and Non-Diseased Health Risk Appraisal Participants |
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Excess Healthcare Costs Associated with Excess Health Risks in Diseased and Non-Diseased Health Risk Appraisal Participants |
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Musich, Shirley |
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Disease Management & Health Outcomes |
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2002 |
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251 |
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Musich, Shirley McDonald, Timothy Hirschland, David Edington, Dee W. |
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Elektronische Aufsätze |
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Musich, Shirley |
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10.2165/00115677-200210040-00007 |
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excess healthcare costs associated with excess health risks in diseased and non-diseased health risk appraisal participants |
| title_auth |
Excess Healthcare Costs Associated with Excess Health Risks in Diseased and Non-Diseased Health Risk Appraisal Participants |
| abstract |
Abstract Background: Concerns regarding the effectiveness and impact of disease management are largely based on disease compliance measures. Although disease management programs have measured improvements in compliance and quality of life and cost savings from reductions in hospitalizations and emergency room visits, few programs have focused on changing behavioral health risks not directly related to the specific disease. The basic relationship between behavioral health risks and healthcare costs shows that those individuals with more high-risk behaviors are associated with higher healthcare costs compared with those with low-risk behaviors. The concept of excess costs associated with excess risks is a calculation of theoretical maximum percent savings for an entire group assuming everyone reduces to low risk, and changes in healthcare costs follow the changes in risks. Objective: To establish the magnitude of excess healthcare costs associated with excess health risks, given a diagnosed chronic disease. Methods: 135 251 current and retired employees of General Motors Corporation who had completed a Health Risk Appraisal (HRA) were evaluated. Participants were continuously enrolled in traditional or Preferred Provider Organization (PPO) medical plans from 1996 to 1999 and had completed at least one HRA between 1996 and 1998. Results: Those with and without self-reported disease averaged 19.2 and 9.1% excess healthcare costs associated with excess health risks, respectively. However, the magnitude of the impact differed across age groups and diseases. Individuals less than 45 years of age with self-reported disease were most affected by the presence of additional health risks (44% excess costs) while those aged ≥65 years without disease were least affected (8.2% excess costs). Among those with diseases, those with diabetes mellitus and bronchitis/emphysema were most affected (19.2 and 21.0%, respectively). Conclusions: Disease management programs should ideally provide a systematic approach to assist patients with interventions that improve overall health, as well as focusing on disease compliance measures. The implications for disease management programs are that, even given the presence of disease, promoting and/or maintaining low-risk status can result in potential cost savings. © Adis International Limited 2002 |
| abstractGer |
Abstract Background: Concerns regarding the effectiveness and impact of disease management are largely based on disease compliance measures. Although disease management programs have measured improvements in compliance and quality of life and cost savings from reductions in hospitalizations and emergency room visits, few programs have focused on changing behavioral health risks not directly related to the specific disease. The basic relationship between behavioral health risks and healthcare costs shows that those individuals with more high-risk behaviors are associated with higher healthcare costs compared with those with low-risk behaviors. The concept of excess costs associated with excess risks is a calculation of theoretical maximum percent savings for an entire group assuming everyone reduces to low risk, and changes in healthcare costs follow the changes in risks. Objective: To establish the magnitude of excess healthcare costs associated with excess health risks, given a diagnosed chronic disease. Methods: 135 251 current and retired employees of General Motors Corporation who had completed a Health Risk Appraisal (HRA) were evaluated. Participants were continuously enrolled in traditional or Preferred Provider Organization (PPO) medical plans from 1996 to 1999 and had completed at least one HRA between 1996 and 1998. Results: Those with and without self-reported disease averaged 19.2 and 9.1% excess healthcare costs associated with excess health risks, respectively. However, the magnitude of the impact differed across age groups and diseases. Individuals less than 45 years of age with self-reported disease were most affected by the presence of additional health risks (44% excess costs) while those aged ≥65 years without disease were least affected (8.2% excess costs). Among those with diseases, those with diabetes mellitus and bronchitis/emphysema were most affected (19.2 and 21.0%, respectively). Conclusions: Disease management programs should ideally provide a systematic approach to assist patients with interventions that improve overall health, as well as focusing on disease compliance measures. The implications for disease management programs are that, even given the presence of disease, promoting and/or maintaining low-risk status can result in potential cost savings. © Adis International Limited 2002 |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Abstract Background: Concerns regarding the effectiveness and impact of disease management are largely based on disease compliance measures. Although disease management programs have measured improvements in compliance and quality of life and cost savings from reductions in hospitalizations and emergency room visits, few programs have focused on changing behavioral health risks not directly related to the specific disease. The basic relationship between behavioral health risks and healthcare costs shows that those individuals with more high-risk behaviors are associated with higher healthcare costs compared with those with low-risk behaviors. The concept of excess costs associated with excess risks is a calculation of theoretical maximum percent savings for an entire group assuming everyone reduces to low risk, and changes in healthcare costs follow the changes in risks. Objective: To establish the magnitude of excess healthcare costs associated with excess health risks, given a diagnosed chronic disease. Methods: 135 251 current and retired employees of General Motors Corporation who had completed a Health Risk Appraisal (HRA) were evaluated. Participants were continuously enrolled in traditional or Preferred Provider Organization (PPO) medical plans from 1996 to 1999 and had completed at least one HRA between 1996 and 1998. Results: Those with and without self-reported disease averaged 19.2 and 9.1% excess healthcare costs associated with excess health risks, respectively. However, the magnitude of the impact differed across age groups and diseases. Individuals less than 45 years of age with self-reported disease were most affected by the presence of additional health risks (44% excess costs) while those aged ≥65 years without disease were least affected (8.2% excess costs). Among those with diseases, those with diabetes mellitus and bronchitis/emphysema were most affected (19.2 and 21.0%, respectively). Conclusions: Disease management programs should ideally provide a systematic approach to assist patients with interventions that improve overall health, as well as focusing on disease compliance measures. The implications for disease management programs are that, even given the presence of disease, promoting and/or maintaining low-risk status can result in potential cost savings. © Adis International Limited 2002 |
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Excess Healthcare Costs Associated with Excess Health Risks in Diseased and Non-Diseased Health Risk Appraisal Participants |
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McDonald, Timothy Hirschland, David Edington, Dee W. |
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