SBF-1 inhibits contact hypersensitivity in mice through down-regulation of T-cell-mediated responses

Background T lymphocytes play an important role in contact hypersensitivity. This study aims to explore the immunosuppressive activity of SBF-1, an analog of saponin OSW-1, against T lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo. Methods Proliferation of T lymphocytes from lymph nodes of mice was determined by M...
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Autor*in:	Chen, Wei [verfasserIn] Fang, Xianying Gao, Yuan Shi, Ke Sun, Lijun Yu, Biao Luo, Qiong Xu, Qiang

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2019

Schlagwörter:	SBF-1 Activated T lymphocytes Immunosuppression Contact hypersensitivity

Anmerkung:	© The Author(s). 2019

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: BMC pharmacology & toxicology - London : BioMed Central, 2012, 20(2019), 1 vom: 21. Dez.
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:20 ; year:2019 ; number:1 ; day:21 ; month:12

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1186/s40360-019-0377-8

Katalog-ID:	SPR036380156

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520			\|a Background T lymphocytes play an important role in contact hypersensitivity. This study aims to explore the immunosuppressive activity of SBF-1, an analog of saponin OSW-1, against T lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo. Methods Proliferation of T lymphocytes from lymph nodes of mice was determined by MTT assay. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to assess T cell activation and apoptosis. Levels of cytokines were determined by PCR and ELISA. BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with picryl chloride and thickness of left and right ears were measured. Results SBF-1 effectively inhibited T lymphocytes proliferation induced by concanavalin A (Con A) or anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 at a very low dose (10 nM) but exhibited little toxicity in non-activated T lymphocytes at concentrations up to 10 μM. In addition, SBF-1 inhibited the expression of CD25 and CD69, as well as he phosphorylation of AKT in Con A-activated T cells. SBF-1 also induced apoptosis of activated T cells. In addition, SBF-1 also downregulated the induction of the T cell cytokines, IL-2 and IFN-γ in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, SBF-1 significantly suppressed ear swelling and inflammation in a mouse model of picryl chloride-induced contact hypersensitivity. Conclusions Our findings suggest that SBF-1 has an unique immunosuppressive activity both in vitro and in vivo mainly through inhibiting T cell proliferation and activation. Its mechanism appears to be related to the blockage of AKT signaling pathway.
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allfields	10.1186/s40360-019-0377-8 doi (DE-627)SPR036380156 (SPR)s40360-019-0377-8-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Chen, Wei verfasserin aut SBF-1 inhibits contact hypersensitivity in mice through down-regulation of T-cell-mediated responses 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s). 2019 Background T lymphocytes play an important role in contact hypersensitivity. This study aims to explore the immunosuppressive activity of SBF-1, an analog of saponin OSW-1, against T lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo. Methods Proliferation of T lymphocytes from lymph nodes of mice was determined by MTT assay. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to assess T cell activation and apoptosis. Levels of cytokines were determined by PCR and ELISA. BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with picryl chloride and thickness of left and right ears were measured. Results SBF-1 effectively inhibited T lymphocytes proliferation induced by concanavalin A (Con A) or anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 at a very low dose (10 nM) but exhibited little toxicity in non-activated T lymphocytes at concentrations up to 10 μM. In addition, SBF-1 inhibited the expression of CD25 and CD69, as well as he phosphorylation of AKT in Con A-activated T cells. SBF-1 also induced apoptosis of activated T cells. In addition, SBF-1 also downregulated the induction of the T cell cytokines, IL-2 and IFN-γ in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, SBF-1 significantly suppressed ear swelling and inflammation in a mouse model of picryl chloride-induced contact hypersensitivity. Conclusions Our findings suggest that SBF-1 has an unique immunosuppressive activity both in vitro and in vivo mainly through inhibiting T cell proliferation and activation. Its mechanism appears to be related to the blockage of AKT signaling pathway. SBF-1 (dpeaa)DE-He213 Activated T lymphocytes (dpeaa)DE-He213 Immunosuppression (dpeaa)DE-He213 Contact hypersensitivity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Fang, Xianying aut Gao, Yuan aut Shi, Ke aut Sun, Lijun aut Yu, Biao aut Luo, Qiong aut Xu, Qiang aut Enthalten in BMC pharmacology & toxicology London : BioMed Central, 2012 20(2019), 1 vom: 21. Dez. (DE-627)723899754 (DE-600)2680259-4 2050-6511 nnns volume:20 year:2019 number:1 day:21 month:12 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40360-019-0377-8 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 20 2019 1 21 12
spelling	10.1186/s40360-019-0377-8 doi (DE-627)SPR036380156 (SPR)s40360-019-0377-8-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Chen, Wei verfasserin aut SBF-1 inhibits contact hypersensitivity in mice through down-regulation of T-cell-mediated responses 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s). 2019 Background T lymphocytes play an important role in contact hypersensitivity. This study aims to explore the immunosuppressive activity of SBF-1, an analog of saponin OSW-1, against T lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo. Methods Proliferation of T lymphocytes from lymph nodes of mice was determined by MTT assay. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to assess T cell activation and apoptosis. Levels of cytokines were determined by PCR and ELISA. BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with picryl chloride and thickness of left and right ears were measured. Results SBF-1 effectively inhibited T lymphocytes proliferation induced by concanavalin A (Con A) or anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 at a very low dose (10 nM) but exhibited little toxicity in non-activated T lymphocytes at concentrations up to 10 μM. In addition, SBF-1 inhibited the expression of CD25 and CD69, as well as he phosphorylation of AKT in Con A-activated T cells. SBF-1 also induced apoptosis of activated T cells. In addition, SBF-1 also downregulated the induction of the T cell cytokines, IL-2 and IFN-γ in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, SBF-1 significantly suppressed ear swelling and inflammation in a mouse model of picryl chloride-induced contact hypersensitivity. Conclusions Our findings suggest that SBF-1 has an unique immunosuppressive activity both in vitro and in vivo mainly through inhibiting T cell proliferation and activation. Its mechanism appears to be related to the blockage of AKT signaling pathway. SBF-1 (dpeaa)DE-He213 Activated T lymphocytes (dpeaa)DE-He213 Immunosuppression (dpeaa)DE-He213 Contact hypersensitivity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Fang, Xianying aut Gao, Yuan aut Shi, Ke aut Sun, Lijun aut Yu, Biao aut Luo, Qiong aut Xu, Qiang aut Enthalten in BMC pharmacology & toxicology London : BioMed Central, 2012 20(2019), 1 vom: 21. Dez. (DE-627)723899754 (DE-600)2680259-4 2050-6511 nnns volume:20 year:2019 number:1 day:21 month:12 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40360-019-0377-8 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 20 2019 1 21 12
allfields_unstemmed	10.1186/s40360-019-0377-8 doi (DE-627)SPR036380156 (SPR)s40360-019-0377-8-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Chen, Wei verfasserin aut SBF-1 inhibits contact hypersensitivity in mice through down-regulation of T-cell-mediated responses 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s). 2019 Background T lymphocytes play an important role in contact hypersensitivity. This study aims to explore the immunosuppressive activity of SBF-1, an analog of saponin OSW-1, against T lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo. Methods Proliferation of T lymphocytes from lymph nodes of mice was determined by MTT assay. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to assess T cell activation and apoptosis. Levels of cytokines were determined by PCR and ELISA. BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with picryl chloride and thickness of left and right ears were measured. Results SBF-1 effectively inhibited T lymphocytes proliferation induced by concanavalin A (Con A) or anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 at a very low dose (10 nM) but exhibited little toxicity in non-activated T lymphocytes at concentrations up to 10 μM. In addition, SBF-1 inhibited the expression of CD25 and CD69, as well as he phosphorylation of AKT in Con A-activated T cells. SBF-1 also induced apoptosis of activated T cells. In addition, SBF-1 also downregulated the induction of the T cell cytokines, IL-2 and IFN-γ in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, SBF-1 significantly suppressed ear swelling and inflammation in a mouse model of picryl chloride-induced contact hypersensitivity. Conclusions Our findings suggest that SBF-1 has an unique immunosuppressive activity both in vitro and in vivo mainly through inhibiting T cell proliferation and activation. Its mechanism appears to be related to the blockage of AKT signaling pathway. SBF-1 (dpeaa)DE-He213 Activated T lymphocytes (dpeaa)DE-He213 Immunosuppression (dpeaa)DE-He213 Contact hypersensitivity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Fang, Xianying aut Gao, Yuan aut Shi, Ke aut Sun, Lijun aut Yu, Biao aut Luo, Qiong aut Xu, Qiang aut Enthalten in BMC pharmacology & toxicology London : BioMed Central, 2012 20(2019), 1 vom: 21. Dez. (DE-627)723899754 (DE-600)2680259-4 2050-6511 nnns volume:20 year:2019 number:1 day:21 month:12 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40360-019-0377-8 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 20 2019 1 21 12
allfieldsGer	10.1186/s40360-019-0377-8 doi (DE-627)SPR036380156 (SPR)s40360-019-0377-8-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Chen, Wei verfasserin aut SBF-1 inhibits contact hypersensitivity in mice through down-regulation of T-cell-mediated responses 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s). 2019 Background T lymphocytes play an important role in contact hypersensitivity. This study aims to explore the immunosuppressive activity of SBF-1, an analog of saponin OSW-1, against T lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo. Methods Proliferation of T lymphocytes from lymph nodes of mice was determined by MTT assay. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to assess T cell activation and apoptosis. Levels of cytokines were determined by PCR and ELISA. BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with picryl chloride and thickness of left and right ears were measured. Results SBF-1 effectively inhibited T lymphocytes proliferation induced by concanavalin A (Con A) or anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 at a very low dose (10 nM) but exhibited little toxicity in non-activated T lymphocytes at concentrations up to 10 μM. In addition, SBF-1 inhibited the expression of CD25 and CD69, as well as he phosphorylation of AKT in Con A-activated T cells. SBF-1 also induced apoptosis of activated T cells. In addition, SBF-1 also downregulated the induction of the T cell cytokines, IL-2 and IFN-γ in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, SBF-1 significantly suppressed ear swelling and inflammation in a mouse model of picryl chloride-induced contact hypersensitivity. Conclusions Our findings suggest that SBF-1 has an unique immunosuppressive activity both in vitro and in vivo mainly through inhibiting T cell proliferation and activation. Its mechanism appears to be related to the blockage of AKT signaling pathway. SBF-1 (dpeaa)DE-He213 Activated T lymphocytes (dpeaa)DE-He213 Immunosuppression (dpeaa)DE-He213 Contact hypersensitivity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Fang, Xianying aut Gao, Yuan aut Shi, Ke aut Sun, Lijun aut Yu, Biao aut Luo, Qiong aut Xu, Qiang aut Enthalten in BMC pharmacology & toxicology London : BioMed Central, 2012 20(2019), 1 vom: 21. Dez. (DE-627)723899754 (DE-600)2680259-4 2050-6511 nnns volume:20 year:2019 number:1 day:21 month:12 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40360-019-0377-8 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 20 2019 1 21 12
allfieldsSound	10.1186/s40360-019-0377-8 doi (DE-627)SPR036380156 (SPR)s40360-019-0377-8-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Chen, Wei verfasserin aut SBF-1 inhibits contact hypersensitivity in mice through down-regulation of T-cell-mediated responses 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s). 2019 Background T lymphocytes play an important role in contact hypersensitivity. This study aims to explore the immunosuppressive activity of SBF-1, an analog of saponin OSW-1, against T lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo. Methods Proliferation of T lymphocytes from lymph nodes of mice was determined by MTT assay. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to assess T cell activation and apoptosis. Levels of cytokines were determined by PCR and ELISA. BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with picryl chloride and thickness of left and right ears were measured. Results SBF-1 effectively inhibited T lymphocytes proliferation induced by concanavalin A (Con A) or anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 at a very low dose (10 nM) but exhibited little toxicity in non-activated T lymphocytes at concentrations up to 10 μM. In addition, SBF-1 inhibited the expression of CD25 and CD69, as well as he phosphorylation of AKT in Con A-activated T cells. SBF-1 also induced apoptosis of activated T cells. In addition, SBF-1 also downregulated the induction of the T cell cytokines, IL-2 and IFN-γ in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, SBF-1 significantly suppressed ear swelling and inflammation in a mouse model of picryl chloride-induced contact hypersensitivity. Conclusions Our findings suggest that SBF-1 has an unique immunosuppressive activity both in vitro and in vivo mainly through inhibiting T cell proliferation and activation. Its mechanism appears to be related to the blockage of AKT signaling pathway. SBF-1 (dpeaa)DE-He213 Activated T lymphocytes (dpeaa)DE-He213 Immunosuppression (dpeaa)DE-He213 Contact hypersensitivity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Fang, Xianying aut Gao, Yuan aut Shi, Ke aut Sun, Lijun aut Yu, Biao aut Luo, Qiong aut Xu, Qiang aut Enthalten in BMC pharmacology & toxicology London : BioMed Central, 2012 20(2019), 1 vom: 21. Dez. (DE-627)723899754 (DE-600)2680259-4 2050-6511 nnns volume:20 year:2019 number:1 day:21 month:12 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40360-019-0377-8 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 20 2019 1 21 12
language	English
source	Enthalten in BMC pharmacology & toxicology 20(2019), 1 vom: 21. Dez. volume:20 year:2019 number:1 day:21 month:12
sourceStr	Enthalten in BMC pharmacology & toxicology 20(2019), 1 vom: 21. Dez. volume:20 year:2019 number:1 day:21 month:12
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	SBF-1 Activated T lymphocytes Immunosuppression Contact hypersensitivity
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container_title	BMC pharmacology & toxicology
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Chen, Wei @@aut@@ Fang, Xianying @@aut@@ Gao, Yuan @@aut@@ Shi, Ke @@aut@@ Sun, Lijun @@aut@@ Yu, Biao @@aut@@ Luo, Qiong @@aut@@ Xu, Qiang @@aut@@
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author	Chen, Wei
spellingShingle	Chen, Wei misc SBF-1 misc Activated T lymphocytes misc Immunosuppression misc Contact hypersensitivity SBF-1 inhibits contact hypersensitivity in mice through down-regulation of T-cell-mediated responses
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topic_title	SBF-1 inhibits contact hypersensitivity in mice through down-regulation of T-cell-mediated responses SBF-1 (dpeaa)DE-He213 Activated T lymphocytes (dpeaa)DE-He213 Immunosuppression (dpeaa)DE-He213 Contact hypersensitivity (dpeaa)DE-He213
topic	misc SBF-1 misc Activated T lymphocytes misc Immunosuppression misc Contact hypersensitivity
topic_unstemmed	misc SBF-1 misc Activated T lymphocytes misc Immunosuppression misc Contact hypersensitivity
topic_browse	misc SBF-1 misc Activated T lymphocytes misc Immunosuppression misc Contact hypersensitivity
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title	SBF-1 inhibits contact hypersensitivity in mice through down-regulation of T-cell-mediated responses
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title_full	SBF-1 inhibits contact hypersensitivity in mice through down-regulation of T-cell-mediated responses
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author_browse	Chen, Wei Fang, Xianying Gao, Yuan Shi, Ke Sun, Lijun Yu, Biao Luo, Qiong Xu, Qiang
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title_sort	sbf-1 inhibits contact hypersensitivity in mice through down-regulation of t-cell-mediated responses
title_auth	SBF-1 inhibits contact hypersensitivity in mice through down-regulation of T-cell-mediated responses
abstract	Background T lymphocytes play an important role in contact hypersensitivity. This study aims to explore the immunosuppressive activity of SBF-1, an analog of saponin OSW-1, against T lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo. Methods Proliferation of T lymphocytes from lymph nodes of mice was determined by MTT assay. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to assess T cell activation and apoptosis. Levels of cytokines were determined by PCR and ELISA. BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with picryl chloride and thickness of left and right ears were measured. Results SBF-1 effectively inhibited T lymphocytes proliferation induced by concanavalin A (Con A) or anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 at a very low dose (10 nM) but exhibited little toxicity in non-activated T lymphocytes at concentrations up to 10 μM. In addition, SBF-1 inhibited the expression of CD25 and CD69, as well as he phosphorylation of AKT in Con A-activated T cells. SBF-1 also induced apoptosis of activated T cells. In addition, SBF-1 also downregulated the induction of the T cell cytokines, IL-2 and IFN-γ in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, SBF-1 significantly suppressed ear swelling and inflammation in a mouse model of picryl chloride-induced contact hypersensitivity. Conclusions Our findings suggest that SBF-1 has an unique immunosuppressive activity both in vitro and in vivo mainly through inhibiting T cell proliferation and activation. Its mechanism appears to be related to the blockage of AKT signaling pathway. © The Author(s). 2019
abstractGer	Background T lymphocytes play an important role in contact hypersensitivity. This study aims to explore the immunosuppressive activity of SBF-1, an analog of saponin OSW-1, against T lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo. Methods Proliferation of T lymphocytes from lymph nodes of mice was determined by MTT assay. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to assess T cell activation and apoptosis. Levels of cytokines were determined by PCR and ELISA. BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with picryl chloride and thickness of left and right ears were measured. Results SBF-1 effectively inhibited T lymphocytes proliferation induced by concanavalin A (Con A) or anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 at a very low dose (10 nM) but exhibited little toxicity in non-activated T lymphocytes at concentrations up to 10 μM. In addition, SBF-1 inhibited the expression of CD25 and CD69, as well as he phosphorylation of AKT in Con A-activated T cells. SBF-1 also induced apoptosis of activated T cells. In addition, SBF-1 also downregulated the induction of the T cell cytokines, IL-2 and IFN-γ in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, SBF-1 significantly suppressed ear swelling and inflammation in a mouse model of picryl chloride-induced contact hypersensitivity. Conclusions Our findings suggest that SBF-1 has an unique immunosuppressive activity both in vitro and in vivo mainly through inhibiting T cell proliferation and activation. Its mechanism appears to be related to the blockage of AKT signaling pathway. © The Author(s). 2019
abstract_unstemmed	Background T lymphocytes play an important role in contact hypersensitivity. This study aims to explore the immunosuppressive activity of SBF-1, an analog of saponin OSW-1, against T lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo. Methods Proliferation of T lymphocytes from lymph nodes of mice was determined by MTT assay. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to assess T cell activation and apoptosis. Levels of cytokines were determined by PCR and ELISA. BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with picryl chloride and thickness of left and right ears were measured. Results SBF-1 effectively inhibited T lymphocytes proliferation induced by concanavalin A (Con A) or anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 at a very low dose (10 nM) but exhibited little toxicity in non-activated T lymphocytes at concentrations up to 10 μM. In addition, SBF-1 inhibited the expression of CD25 and CD69, as well as he phosphorylation of AKT in Con A-activated T cells. SBF-1 also induced apoptosis of activated T cells. In addition, SBF-1 also downregulated the induction of the T cell cytokines, IL-2 and IFN-γ in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, SBF-1 significantly suppressed ear swelling and inflammation in a mouse model of picryl chloride-induced contact hypersensitivity. Conclusions Our findings suggest that SBF-1 has an unique immunosuppressive activity both in vitro and in vivo mainly through inhibiting T cell proliferation and activation. Its mechanism appears to be related to the blockage of AKT signaling pathway. © The Author(s). 2019
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title_short	SBF-1 inhibits contact hypersensitivity in mice through down-regulation of T-cell-mediated responses
url	https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40360-019-0377-8
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author2	Fang, Xianying Gao, Yuan Shi, Ke Sun, Lijun Yu, Biao Luo, Qiong Xu, Qiang
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SBF-1 inhibits contact hypersensitivity in mice through down-regulation of T-cell-mediated responses

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