The chemistry and bioactivity of various heartwood extracts from redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) against two species of fungi
Background Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl.) (redwood) has the potential to be grown in New Zealand in commercial forestry operations and is valued for its naturally durable heartwood. A viable redwood industry based on planted forests can only be achieved if the timber produced meets quality exp...
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| Autor*in: |
Davies, Nicholas Tuatahi [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2014 |
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© Davies et al.; licensee Springer 2014. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: New Zealand journal of forestry science - Berlin : SpringerOpen, 1971, 44(2014), 1 vom: 15. Juli |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:44 ; year:2014 ; number:1 ; day:15 ; month:07 |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1186/s40490-014-0017-4 |
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SPR036527017 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Davies, Nicholas Tuatahi |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 4 | |a The chemistry and bioactivity of various heartwood extracts from redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) against two species of fungi |
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| 520 | |a Background Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl.) (redwood) has the potential to be grown in New Zealand in commercial forestry operations and is valued for its naturally durable heartwood. A viable redwood industry based on planted forests can only be achieved if the timber produced meets quality expectations, in particular durability. Natural durability is highly variable among trees. Also, a within-tree pattern of low durability close to the pith has been observed. Natural durability is preliminarily caused by secondary metabolites deposited into the cell walls during heartwood formation. The exact nature of the compounds responsible for natural durability in redwood is unknown. Methods Samples of heartwood from 22 different trees were obtained, ground and extracted using a range of solvents. The ability of some of these extracts to reduce the growth of two fungi (Gloeophyllum trabeum and Trametes versicolor) was tested in vitro. Information on the composition of the extracts was obtained using infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography. Results Fungicidal properties were found in solvent extracts of ground S. sempervirens heartwood samples at concentrations comparable to those known to be present in intact wood. The entire acetone-soluble extracts and ethyl-acetate-soluble fraction of the ethanol extracts caused the greatest reduction in the growth of both fungi tested. Large variations in acetone-soluble or ethanol-soluble extract content and fungicidal activity among trees were found. Agatharesinol and sequerin-C appear to be trace compounds in the dried extracts of S. sempervirens. Conclusions Further work is needed to identify the key compounds contributing to the natural durability of S. sempervirens. | ||
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| 650 | 4 | |a Redwood |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Extractives |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Gloeophyllum trabeum |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Trametes versicolor |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Wu, Hsin-Fu |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Altaner, Clemens Michael |4 aut | |
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10.1186/s40490-014-0017-4 doi (DE-627)SPR036527017 (SPR)s40490-014-0017-4-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Davies, Nicholas Tuatahi verfasserin aut The chemistry and bioactivity of various heartwood extracts from redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) against two species of fungi 2014 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Davies et al.; licensee Springer 2014. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( Background Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl.) (redwood) has the potential to be grown in New Zealand in commercial forestry operations and is valued for its naturally durable heartwood. A viable redwood industry based on planted forests can only be achieved if the timber produced meets quality expectations, in particular durability. Natural durability is highly variable among trees. Also, a within-tree pattern of low durability close to the pith has been observed. Natural durability is preliminarily caused by secondary metabolites deposited into the cell walls during heartwood formation. The exact nature of the compounds responsible for natural durability in redwood is unknown. Methods Samples of heartwood from 22 different trees were obtained, ground and extracted using a range of solvents. The ability of some of these extracts to reduce the growth of two fungi (Gloeophyllum trabeum and Trametes versicolor) was tested in vitro. Information on the composition of the extracts was obtained using infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography. Results Fungicidal properties were found in solvent extracts of ground S. sempervirens heartwood samples at concentrations comparable to those known to be present in intact wood. The entire acetone-soluble extracts and ethyl-acetate-soluble fraction of the ethanol extracts caused the greatest reduction in the growth of both fungi tested. Large variations in acetone-soluble or ethanol-soluble extract content and fungicidal activity among trees were found. Agatharesinol and sequerin-C appear to be trace compounds in the dried extracts of S. sempervirens. Conclusions Further work is needed to identify the key compounds contributing to the natural durability of S. sempervirens. Sequoia sempervirens (dpeaa)DE-He213 Redwood (dpeaa)DE-He213 Natural durability (dpeaa)DE-He213 Extractives (dpeaa)DE-He213 Gloeophyllum trabeum (dpeaa)DE-He213 Trametes versicolor (dpeaa)DE-He213 Wu, Hsin-Fu aut Altaner, Clemens Michael aut Enthalten in New Zealand journal of forestry science Berlin : SpringerOpen, 1971 44(2014), 1 vom: 15. Juli (DE-627)593140486 (DE-600)2482291-7 1179-5395 nnns volume:44 year:2014 number:1 day:15 month:07 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40490-014-0017-4 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 44 2014 1 15 07 |
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10.1186/s40490-014-0017-4 doi (DE-627)SPR036527017 (SPR)s40490-014-0017-4-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Davies, Nicholas Tuatahi verfasserin aut The chemistry and bioactivity of various heartwood extracts from redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) against two species of fungi 2014 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Davies et al.; licensee Springer 2014. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( Background Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl.) (redwood) has the potential to be grown in New Zealand in commercial forestry operations and is valued for its naturally durable heartwood. A viable redwood industry based on planted forests can only be achieved if the timber produced meets quality expectations, in particular durability. Natural durability is highly variable among trees. Also, a within-tree pattern of low durability close to the pith has been observed. Natural durability is preliminarily caused by secondary metabolites deposited into the cell walls during heartwood formation. The exact nature of the compounds responsible for natural durability in redwood is unknown. Methods Samples of heartwood from 22 different trees were obtained, ground and extracted using a range of solvents. The ability of some of these extracts to reduce the growth of two fungi (Gloeophyllum trabeum and Trametes versicolor) was tested in vitro. Information on the composition of the extracts was obtained using infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography. Results Fungicidal properties were found in solvent extracts of ground S. sempervirens heartwood samples at concentrations comparable to those known to be present in intact wood. The entire acetone-soluble extracts and ethyl-acetate-soluble fraction of the ethanol extracts caused the greatest reduction in the growth of both fungi tested. Large variations in acetone-soluble or ethanol-soluble extract content and fungicidal activity among trees were found. Agatharesinol and sequerin-C appear to be trace compounds in the dried extracts of S. sempervirens. Conclusions Further work is needed to identify the key compounds contributing to the natural durability of S. sempervirens. Sequoia sempervirens (dpeaa)DE-He213 Redwood (dpeaa)DE-He213 Natural durability (dpeaa)DE-He213 Extractives (dpeaa)DE-He213 Gloeophyllum trabeum (dpeaa)DE-He213 Trametes versicolor (dpeaa)DE-He213 Wu, Hsin-Fu aut Altaner, Clemens Michael aut Enthalten in New Zealand journal of forestry science Berlin : SpringerOpen, 1971 44(2014), 1 vom: 15. Juli (DE-627)593140486 (DE-600)2482291-7 1179-5395 nnns volume:44 year:2014 number:1 day:15 month:07 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40490-014-0017-4 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 44 2014 1 15 07 |
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10.1186/s40490-014-0017-4 doi (DE-627)SPR036527017 (SPR)s40490-014-0017-4-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Davies, Nicholas Tuatahi verfasserin aut The chemistry and bioactivity of various heartwood extracts from redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) against two species of fungi 2014 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Davies et al.; licensee Springer 2014. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( Background Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl.) (redwood) has the potential to be grown in New Zealand in commercial forestry operations and is valued for its naturally durable heartwood. A viable redwood industry based on planted forests can only be achieved if the timber produced meets quality expectations, in particular durability. Natural durability is highly variable among trees. Also, a within-tree pattern of low durability close to the pith has been observed. Natural durability is preliminarily caused by secondary metabolites deposited into the cell walls during heartwood formation. The exact nature of the compounds responsible for natural durability in redwood is unknown. Methods Samples of heartwood from 22 different trees were obtained, ground and extracted using a range of solvents. The ability of some of these extracts to reduce the growth of two fungi (Gloeophyllum trabeum and Trametes versicolor) was tested in vitro. Information on the composition of the extracts was obtained using infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography. Results Fungicidal properties were found in solvent extracts of ground S. sempervirens heartwood samples at concentrations comparable to those known to be present in intact wood. The entire acetone-soluble extracts and ethyl-acetate-soluble fraction of the ethanol extracts caused the greatest reduction in the growth of both fungi tested. Large variations in acetone-soluble or ethanol-soluble extract content and fungicidal activity among trees were found. Agatharesinol and sequerin-C appear to be trace compounds in the dried extracts of S. sempervirens. Conclusions Further work is needed to identify the key compounds contributing to the natural durability of S. sempervirens. Sequoia sempervirens (dpeaa)DE-He213 Redwood (dpeaa)DE-He213 Natural durability (dpeaa)DE-He213 Extractives (dpeaa)DE-He213 Gloeophyllum trabeum (dpeaa)DE-He213 Trametes versicolor (dpeaa)DE-He213 Wu, Hsin-Fu aut Altaner, Clemens Michael aut Enthalten in New Zealand journal of forestry science Berlin : SpringerOpen, 1971 44(2014), 1 vom: 15. Juli (DE-627)593140486 (DE-600)2482291-7 1179-5395 nnns volume:44 year:2014 number:1 day:15 month:07 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40490-014-0017-4 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 44 2014 1 15 07 |
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10.1186/s40490-014-0017-4 doi (DE-627)SPR036527017 (SPR)s40490-014-0017-4-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Davies, Nicholas Tuatahi verfasserin aut The chemistry and bioactivity of various heartwood extracts from redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) against two species of fungi 2014 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Davies et al.; licensee Springer 2014. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( Background Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl.) (redwood) has the potential to be grown in New Zealand in commercial forestry operations and is valued for its naturally durable heartwood. A viable redwood industry based on planted forests can only be achieved if the timber produced meets quality expectations, in particular durability. Natural durability is highly variable among trees. Also, a within-tree pattern of low durability close to the pith has been observed. Natural durability is preliminarily caused by secondary metabolites deposited into the cell walls during heartwood formation. The exact nature of the compounds responsible for natural durability in redwood is unknown. Methods Samples of heartwood from 22 different trees were obtained, ground and extracted using a range of solvents. The ability of some of these extracts to reduce the growth of two fungi (Gloeophyllum trabeum and Trametes versicolor) was tested in vitro. Information on the composition of the extracts was obtained using infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography. Results Fungicidal properties were found in solvent extracts of ground S. sempervirens heartwood samples at concentrations comparable to those known to be present in intact wood. The entire acetone-soluble extracts and ethyl-acetate-soluble fraction of the ethanol extracts caused the greatest reduction in the growth of both fungi tested. Large variations in acetone-soluble or ethanol-soluble extract content and fungicidal activity among trees were found. Agatharesinol and sequerin-C appear to be trace compounds in the dried extracts of S. sempervirens. Conclusions Further work is needed to identify the key compounds contributing to the natural durability of S. sempervirens. Sequoia sempervirens (dpeaa)DE-He213 Redwood (dpeaa)DE-He213 Natural durability (dpeaa)DE-He213 Extractives (dpeaa)DE-He213 Gloeophyllum trabeum (dpeaa)DE-He213 Trametes versicolor (dpeaa)DE-He213 Wu, Hsin-Fu aut Altaner, Clemens Michael aut Enthalten in New Zealand journal of forestry science Berlin : SpringerOpen, 1971 44(2014), 1 vom: 15. Juli (DE-627)593140486 (DE-600)2482291-7 1179-5395 nnns volume:44 year:2014 number:1 day:15 month:07 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40490-014-0017-4 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 44 2014 1 15 07 |
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10.1186/s40490-014-0017-4 doi (DE-627)SPR036527017 (SPR)s40490-014-0017-4-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Davies, Nicholas Tuatahi verfasserin aut The chemistry and bioactivity of various heartwood extracts from redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) against two species of fungi 2014 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Davies et al.; licensee Springer 2014. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( Background Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl.) (redwood) has the potential to be grown in New Zealand in commercial forestry operations and is valued for its naturally durable heartwood. A viable redwood industry based on planted forests can only be achieved if the timber produced meets quality expectations, in particular durability. Natural durability is highly variable among trees. Also, a within-tree pattern of low durability close to the pith has been observed. Natural durability is preliminarily caused by secondary metabolites deposited into the cell walls during heartwood formation. The exact nature of the compounds responsible for natural durability in redwood is unknown. Methods Samples of heartwood from 22 different trees were obtained, ground and extracted using a range of solvents. The ability of some of these extracts to reduce the growth of two fungi (Gloeophyllum trabeum and Trametes versicolor) was tested in vitro. Information on the composition of the extracts was obtained using infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography. Results Fungicidal properties were found in solvent extracts of ground S. sempervirens heartwood samples at concentrations comparable to those known to be present in intact wood. The entire acetone-soluble extracts and ethyl-acetate-soluble fraction of the ethanol extracts caused the greatest reduction in the growth of both fungi tested. Large variations in acetone-soluble or ethanol-soluble extract content and fungicidal activity among trees were found. Agatharesinol and sequerin-C appear to be trace compounds in the dried extracts of S. sempervirens. Conclusions Further work is needed to identify the key compounds contributing to the natural durability of S. sempervirens. Sequoia sempervirens (dpeaa)DE-He213 Redwood (dpeaa)DE-He213 Natural durability (dpeaa)DE-He213 Extractives (dpeaa)DE-He213 Gloeophyllum trabeum (dpeaa)DE-He213 Trametes versicolor (dpeaa)DE-He213 Wu, Hsin-Fu aut Altaner, Clemens Michael aut Enthalten in New Zealand journal of forestry science Berlin : SpringerOpen, 1971 44(2014), 1 vom: 15. Juli (DE-627)593140486 (DE-600)2482291-7 1179-5395 nnns volume:44 year:2014 number:1 day:15 month:07 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40490-014-0017-4 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 44 2014 1 15 07 |
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Background Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl.) (redwood) has the potential to be grown in New Zealand in commercial forestry operations and is valued for its naturally durable heartwood. A viable redwood industry based on planted forests can only be achieved if the timber produced meets quality expectations, in particular durability. Natural durability is highly variable among trees. Also, a within-tree pattern of low durability close to the pith has been observed. Natural durability is preliminarily caused by secondary metabolites deposited into the cell walls during heartwood formation. The exact nature of the compounds responsible for natural durability in redwood is unknown. Methods Samples of heartwood from 22 different trees were obtained, ground and extracted using a range of solvents. The ability of some of these extracts to reduce the growth of two fungi (Gloeophyllum trabeum and Trametes versicolor) was tested in vitro. Information on the composition of the extracts was obtained using infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography. Results Fungicidal properties were found in solvent extracts of ground S. sempervirens heartwood samples at concentrations comparable to those known to be present in intact wood. The entire acetone-soluble extracts and ethyl-acetate-soluble fraction of the ethanol extracts caused the greatest reduction in the growth of both fungi tested. Large variations in acetone-soluble or ethanol-soluble extract content and fungicidal activity among trees were found. Agatharesinol and sequerin-C appear to be trace compounds in the dried extracts of S. sempervirens. 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Davies, Nicholas Tuatahi misc Sequoia sempervirens misc Redwood misc Natural durability misc Extractives misc Gloeophyllum trabeum misc Trametes versicolor The chemistry and bioactivity of various heartwood extracts from redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) against two species of fungi |
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The chemistry and bioactivity of various heartwood extracts from redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) against two species of fungi Sequoia sempervirens (dpeaa)DE-He213 Redwood (dpeaa)DE-He213 Natural durability (dpeaa)DE-He213 Extractives (dpeaa)DE-He213 Gloeophyllum trabeum (dpeaa)DE-He213 Trametes versicolor (dpeaa)DE-He213 |
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chemistry and bioactivity of various heartwood extracts from redwood (sequoia sempervirens) against two species of fungi |
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The chemistry and bioactivity of various heartwood extracts from redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) against two species of fungi |
| abstract |
Background Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl.) (redwood) has the potential to be grown in New Zealand in commercial forestry operations and is valued for its naturally durable heartwood. A viable redwood industry based on planted forests can only be achieved if the timber produced meets quality expectations, in particular durability. Natural durability is highly variable among trees. Also, a within-tree pattern of low durability close to the pith has been observed. Natural durability is preliminarily caused by secondary metabolites deposited into the cell walls during heartwood formation. The exact nature of the compounds responsible for natural durability in redwood is unknown. Methods Samples of heartwood from 22 different trees were obtained, ground and extracted using a range of solvents. The ability of some of these extracts to reduce the growth of two fungi (Gloeophyllum trabeum and Trametes versicolor) was tested in vitro. Information on the composition of the extracts was obtained using infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography. Results Fungicidal properties were found in solvent extracts of ground S. sempervirens heartwood samples at concentrations comparable to those known to be present in intact wood. The entire acetone-soluble extracts and ethyl-acetate-soluble fraction of the ethanol extracts caused the greatest reduction in the growth of both fungi tested. Large variations in acetone-soluble or ethanol-soluble extract content and fungicidal activity among trees were found. Agatharesinol and sequerin-C appear to be trace compounds in the dried extracts of S. sempervirens. Conclusions Further work is needed to identify the key compounds contributing to the natural durability of S. sempervirens. © Davies et al.; licensee Springer 2014. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( |
| abstractGer |
Background Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl.) (redwood) has the potential to be grown in New Zealand in commercial forestry operations and is valued for its naturally durable heartwood. A viable redwood industry based on planted forests can only be achieved if the timber produced meets quality expectations, in particular durability. Natural durability is highly variable among trees. Also, a within-tree pattern of low durability close to the pith has been observed. Natural durability is preliminarily caused by secondary metabolites deposited into the cell walls during heartwood formation. The exact nature of the compounds responsible for natural durability in redwood is unknown. Methods Samples of heartwood from 22 different trees were obtained, ground and extracted using a range of solvents. The ability of some of these extracts to reduce the growth of two fungi (Gloeophyllum trabeum and Trametes versicolor) was tested in vitro. Information on the composition of the extracts was obtained using infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography. Results Fungicidal properties were found in solvent extracts of ground S. sempervirens heartwood samples at concentrations comparable to those known to be present in intact wood. The entire acetone-soluble extracts and ethyl-acetate-soluble fraction of the ethanol extracts caused the greatest reduction in the growth of both fungi tested. Large variations in acetone-soluble or ethanol-soluble extract content and fungicidal activity among trees were found. Agatharesinol and sequerin-C appear to be trace compounds in the dried extracts of S. sempervirens. Conclusions Further work is needed to identify the key compounds contributing to the natural durability of S. sempervirens. © Davies et al.; licensee Springer 2014. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Background Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl.) (redwood) has the potential to be grown in New Zealand in commercial forestry operations and is valued for its naturally durable heartwood. A viable redwood industry based on planted forests can only be achieved if the timber produced meets quality expectations, in particular durability. Natural durability is highly variable among trees. Also, a within-tree pattern of low durability close to the pith has been observed. Natural durability is preliminarily caused by secondary metabolites deposited into the cell walls during heartwood formation. The exact nature of the compounds responsible for natural durability in redwood is unknown. Methods Samples of heartwood from 22 different trees were obtained, ground and extracted using a range of solvents. The ability of some of these extracts to reduce the growth of two fungi (Gloeophyllum trabeum and Trametes versicolor) was tested in vitro. Information on the composition of the extracts was obtained using infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography. Results Fungicidal properties were found in solvent extracts of ground S. sempervirens heartwood samples at concentrations comparable to those known to be present in intact wood. The entire acetone-soluble extracts and ethyl-acetate-soluble fraction of the ethanol extracts caused the greatest reduction in the growth of both fungi tested. Large variations in acetone-soluble or ethanol-soluble extract content and fungicidal activity among trees were found. Agatharesinol and sequerin-C appear to be trace compounds in the dried extracts of S. sempervirens. Conclusions Further work is needed to identify the key compounds contributing to the natural durability of S. sempervirens. © Davies et al.; licensee Springer 2014. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( |
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Background Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl.) (redwood) has the potential to be grown in New Zealand in commercial forestry operations and is valued for its naturally durable heartwood. A viable redwood industry based on planted forests can only be achieved if the timber produced meets quality expectations, in particular durability. Natural durability is highly variable among trees. Also, a within-tree pattern of low durability close to the pith has been observed. Natural durability is preliminarily caused by secondary metabolites deposited into the cell walls during heartwood formation. The exact nature of the compounds responsible for natural durability in redwood is unknown. Methods Samples of heartwood from 22 different trees were obtained, ground and extracted using a range of solvents. The ability of some of these extracts to reduce the growth of two fungi (Gloeophyllum trabeum and Trametes versicolor) was tested in vitro. Information on the composition of the extracts was obtained using infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography. Results Fungicidal properties were found in solvent extracts of ground S. sempervirens heartwood samples at concentrations comparable to those known to be present in intact wood. The entire acetone-soluble extracts and ethyl-acetate-soluble fraction of the ethanol extracts caused the greatest reduction in the growth of both fungi tested. Large variations in acetone-soluble or ethanol-soluble extract content and fungicidal activity among trees were found. Agatharesinol and sequerin-C appear to be trace compounds in the dried extracts of S. sempervirens. 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