Poisonous books: analyses of four sixteenth and seventeenth century book bindings covered with arsenic rich green paint

Abstract Efforts to read medieval manuscript waste recycled as bookbinding material in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries have resulted in the chemical analysis of four books housed at the University Library of Southern Denmark and the Smithsonian Libraries in Washington DC. Four green coloured...
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Autor*in:	Delbey, Thomas [verfasserIn] Holck, Jakob Povl Jørgensen, Bjarke Alvis, Alexandra Smith, Vanessa Haight Kavich, Gwénaëlle M. Harmon, Kimberly A. Dorch, Bertil Fabricius Rasmussen, Kaare Lund

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2019

Schlagwörter:	Rare books Arsenic Bookbinding Handling of hazardous material MS LA-ICP-MS µXRF XRD Raman Book conservation

Anmerkung:	© The Author(s) 2019

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Heritage Science - London : Chemistry Central, 2013, 7(2019), 1 vom: 07. Nov.
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:7 ; year:2019 ; number:1 ; day:07 ; month:11

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1186/s40494-019-0334-2

Katalog-ID:	SPR036532827

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allfields	10.1186/s40494-019-0334-2 doi (DE-627)SPR036532827 (SPR)s40494-019-0334-2-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Delbey, Thomas verfasserin aut Poisonous books: analyses of four sixteenth and seventeenth century book bindings covered with arsenic rich green paint 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2019 Abstract Efforts to read medieval manuscript waste recycled as bookbinding material in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries have resulted in the chemical analysis of four books housed at the University Library of Southern Denmark and the Smithsonian Libraries in Washington DC. Four green coloured book bindings have been investigated by optical microscopy, micro X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results show that the green pigments used to obscure the manuscript waste in all four cases contain orpiment ($ As_{2} %$ S_{3} $) and indigo ($ C_{16} %$ H_{11} %$ N_{2} %$ O_{2} $). Although the books were printed in diverse places in Europe—Basel, Bologna, and Lübeck—the styles of their bindings indicate that they were likely bound in the same region in the same period. It is further likely that they acquired their arsenic-rich paint as part of the bookbinding process. Issues concerning the toxicity, health issues for library staff, conservators and researchers handling the books are also addressed. Rare books (dpeaa)DE-He213 Arsenic (dpeaa)DE-He213 Bookbinding (dpeaa)DE-He213 Handling of hazardous material (dpeaa)DE-He213 MS (dpeaa)DE-He213 LA-ICP-MS (dpeaa)DE-He213 µXRF (dpeaa)DE-He213 XRD (dpeaa)DE-He213 Raman (dpeaa)DE-He213 Book conservation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Holck, Jakob Povl aut Jørgensen, Bjarke aut Alvis, Alexandra aut Smith, Vanessa Haight aut Kavich, Gwénaëlle M. aut Harmon, Kimberly A. aut Dorch, Bertil Fabricius aut Rasmussen, Kaare Lund (orcid)0000-0001-9575-868X aut Enthalten in Heritage Science London : Chemistry Central, 2013 7(2019), 1 vom: 07. Nov. (DE-627)74117118X (DE-600)2710672-X 2050-7445 nnns volume:7 year:2019 number:1 day:07 month:11 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40494-019-0334-2 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4392 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 7 2019 1 07 11
spelling	10.1186/s40494-019-0334-2 doi (DE-627)SPR036532827 (SPR)s40494-019-0334-2-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Delbey, Thomas verfasserin aut Poisonous books: analyses of four sixteenth and seventeenth century book bindings covered with arsenic rich green paint 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2019 Abstract Efforts to read medieval manuscript waste recycled as bookbinding material in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries have resulted in the chemical analysis of four books housed at the University Library of Southern Denmark and the Smithsonian Libraries in Washington DC. Four green coloured book bindings have been investigated by optical microscopy, micro X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results show that the green pigments used to obscure the manuscript waste in all four cases contain orpiment ($ As_{2} %$ S_{3} $) and indigo ($ C_{16} %$ H_{11} %$ N_{2} %$ O_{2} $). Although the books were printed in diverse places in Europe—Basel, Bologna, and Lübeck—the styles of their bindings indicate that they were likely bound in the same region in the same period. It is further likely that they acquired their arsenic-rich paint as part of the bookbinding process. Issues concerning the toxicity, health issues for library staff, conservators and researchers handling the books are also addressed. Rare books (dpeaa)DE-He213 Arsenic (dpeaa)DE-He213 Bookbinding (dpeaa)DE-He213 Handling of hazardous material (dpeaa)DE-He213 MS (dpeaa)DE-He213 LA-ICP-MS (dpeaa)DE-He213 µXRF (dpeaa)DE-He213 XRD (dpeaa)DE-He213 Raman (dpeaa)DE-He213 Book conservation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Holck, Jakob Povl aut Jørgensen, Bjarke aut Alvis, Alexandra aut Smith, Vanessa Haight aut Kavich, Gwénaëlle M. aut Harmon, Kimberly A. aut Dorch, Bertil Fabricius aut Rasmussen, Kaare Lund (orcid)0000-0001-9575-868X aut Enthalten in Heritage Science London : Chemistry Central, 2013 7(2019), 1 vom: 07. Nov. (DE-627)74117118X (DE-600)2710672-X 2050-7445 nnns volume:7 year:2019 number:1 day:07 month:11 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40494-019-0334-2 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4392 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 7 2019 1 07 11
allfields_unstemmed	10.1186/s40494-019-0334-2 doi (DE-627)SPR036532827 (SPR)s40494-019-0334-2-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Delbey, Thomas verfasserin aut Poisonous books: analyses of four sixteenth and seventeenth century book bindings covered with arsenic rich green paint 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2019 Abstract Efforts to read medieval manuscript waste recycled as bookbinding material in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries have resulted in the chemical analysis of four books housed at the University Library of Southern Denmark and the Smithsonian Libraries in Washington DC. Four green coloured book bindings have been investigated by optical microscopy, micro X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results show that the green pigments used to obscure the manuscript waste in all four cases contain orpiment ($ As_{2} %$ S_{3} $) and indigo ($ C_{16} %$ H_{11} %$ N_{2} %$ O_{2} $). Although the books were printed in diverse places in Europe—Basel, Bologna, and Lübeck—the styles of their bindings indicate that they were likely bound in the same region in the same period. It is further likely that they acquired their arsenic-rich paint as part of the bookbinding process. Issues concerning the toxicity, health issues for library staff, conservators and researchers handling the books are also addressed. Rare books (dpeaa)DE-He213 Arsenic (dpeaa)DE-He213 Bookbinding (dpeaa)DE-He213 Handling of hazardous material (dpeaa)DE-He213 MS (dpeaa)DE-He213 LA-ICP-MS (dpeaa)DE-He213 µXRF (dpeaa)DE-He213 XRD (dpeaa)DE-He213 Raman (dpeaa)DE-He213 Book conservation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Holck, Jakob Povl aut Jørgensen, Bjarke aut Alvis, Alexandra aut Smith, Vanessa Haight aut Kavich, Gwénaëlle M. aut Harmon, Kimberly A. aut Dorch, Bertil Fabricius aut Rasmussen, Kaare Lund (orcid)0000-0001-9575-868X aut Enthalten in Heritage Science London : Chemistry Central, 2013 7(2019), 1 vom: 07. Nov. (DE-627)74117118X (DE-600)2710672-X 2050-7445 nnns volume:7 year:2019 number:1 day:07 month:11 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40494-019-0334-2 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4392 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 7 2019 1 07 11
allfieldsGer	10.1186/s40494-019-0334-2 doi (DE-627)SPR036532827 (SPR)s40494-019-0334-2-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Delbey, Thomas verfasserin aut Poisonous books: analyses of four sixteenth and seventeenth century book bindings covered with arsenic rich green paint 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2019 Abstract Efforts to read medieval manuscript waste recycled as bookbinding material in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries have resulted in the chemical analysis of four books housed at the University Library of Southern Denmark and the Smithsonian Libraries in Washington DC. Four green coloured book bindings have been investigated by optical microscopy, micro X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results show that the green pigments used to obscure the manuscript waste in all four cases contain orpiment ($ As_{2} %$ S_{3} $) and indigo ($ C_{16} %$ H_{11} %$ N_{2} %$ O_{2} $). Although the books were printed in diverse places in Europe—Basel, Bologna, and Lübeck—the styles of their bindings indicate that they were likely bound in the same region in the same period. It is further likely that they acquired their arsenic-rich paint as part of the bookbinding process. Issues concerning the toxicity, health issues for library staff, conservators and researchers handling the books are also addressed. Rare books (dpeaa)DE-He213 Arsenic (dpeaa)DE-He213 Bookbinding (dpeaa)DE-He213 Handling of hazardous material (dpeaa)DE-He213 MS (dpeaa)DE-He213 LA-ICP-MS (dpeaa)DE-He213 µXRF (dpeaa)DE-He213 XRD (dpeaa)DE-He213 Raman (dpeaa)DE-He213 Book conservation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Holck, Jakob Povl aut Jørgensen, Bjarke aut Alvis, Alexandra aut Smith, Vanessa Haight aut Kavich, Gwénaëlle M. aut Harmon, Kimberly A. aut Dorch, Bertil Fabricius aut Rasmussen, Kaare Lund (orcid)0000-0001-9575-868X aut Enthalten in Heritage Science London : Chemistry Central, 2013 7(2019), 1 vom: 07. Nov. (DE-627)74117118X (DE-600)2710672-X 2050-7445 nnns volume:7 year:2019 number:1 day:07 month:11 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40494-019-0334-2 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4392 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 7 2019 1 07 11
allfieldsSound	10.1186/s40494-019-0334-2 doi (DE-627)SPR036532827 (SPR)s40494-019-0334-2-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Delbey, Thomas verfasserin aut Poisonous books: analyses of four sixteenth and seventeenth century book bindings covered with arsenic rich green paint 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2019 Abstract Efforts to read medieval manuscript waste recycled as bookbinding material in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries have resulted in the chemical analysis of four books housed at the University Library of Southern Denmark and the Smithsonian Libraries in Washington DC. Four green coloured book bindings have been investigated by optical microscopy, micro X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results show that the green pigments used to obscure the manuscript waste in all four cases contain orpiment ($ As_{2} %$ S_{3} $) and indigo ($ C_{16} %$ H_{11} %$ N_{2} %$ O_{2} $). Although the books were printed in diverse places in Europe—Basel, Bologna, and Lübeck—the styles of their bindings indicate that they were likely bound in the same region in the same period. It is further likely that they acquired their arsenic-rich paint as part of the bookbinding process. Issues concerning the toxicity, health issues for library staff, conservators and researchers handling the books are also addressed. Rare books (dpeaa)DE-He213 Arsenic (dpeaa)DE-He213 Bookbinding (dpeaa)DE-He213 Handling of hazardous material (dpeaa)DE-He213 MS (dpeaa)DE-He213 LA-ICP-MS (dpeaa)DE-He213 µXRF (dpeaa)DE-He213 XRD (dpeaa)DE-He213 Raman (dpeaa)DE-He213 Book conservation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Holck, Jakob Povl aut Jørgensen, Bjarke aut Alvis, Alexandra aut Smith, Vanessa Haight aut Kavich, Gwénaëlle M. aut Harmon, Kimberly A. aut Dorch, Bertil Fabricius aut Rasmussen, Kaare Lund (orcid)0000-0001-9575-868X aut Enthalten in Heritage Science London : Chemistry Central, 2013 7(2019), 1 vom: 07. Nov. (DE-627)74117118X (DE-600)2710672-X 2050-7445 nnns volume:7 year:2019 number:1 day:07 month:11 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40494-019-0334-2 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4392 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 7 2019 1 07 11
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author	Delbey, Thomas
spellingShingle	Delbey, Thomas misc Rare books misc Arsenic misc Bookbinding misc Handling of hazardous material misc MS misc LA-ICP-MS misc µXRF misc XRD misc Raman misc Book conservation Poisonous books: analyses of four sixteenth and seventeenth century book bindings covered with arsenic rich green paint
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topic_title	Poisonous books: analyses of four sixteenth and seventeenth century book bindings covered with arsenic rich green paint Rare books (dpeaa)DE-He213 Arsenic (dpeaa)DE-He213 Bookbinding (dpeaa)DE-He213 Handling of hazardous material (dpeaa)DE-He213 MS (dpeaa)DE-He213 LA-ICP-MS (dpeaa)DE-He213 µXRF (dpeaa)DE-He213 XRD (dpeaa)DE-He213 Raman (dpeaa)DE-He213 Book conservation (dpeaa)DE-He213
topic	misc Rare books misc Arsenic misc Bookbinding misc Handling of hazardous material misc MS misc LA-ICP-MS misc µXRF misc XRD misc Raman misc Book conservation
topic_unstemmed	misc Rare books misc Arsenic misc Bookbinding misc Handling of hazardous material misc MS misc LA-ICP-MS misc µXRF misc XRD misc Raman misc Book conservation
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title	Poisonous books: analyses of four sixteenth and seventeenth century book bindings covered with arsenic rich green paint
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title_full	Poisonous books: analyses of four sixteenth and seventeenth century book bindings covered with arsenic rich green paint
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author_browse	Delbey, Thomas Holck, Jakob Povl Jørgensen, Bjarke Alvis, Alexandra Smith, Vanessa Haight Kavich, Gwénaëlle M. Harmon, Kimberly A. Dorch, Bertil Fabricius Rasmussen, Kaare Lund
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title_sort	poisonous books: analyses of four sixteenth and seventeenth century book bindings covered with arsenic rich green paint
title_auth	Poisonous books: analyses of four sixteenth and seventeenth century book bindings covered with arsenic rich green paint
abstract	Abstract Efforts to read medieval manuscript waste recycled as bookbinding material in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries have resulted in the chemical analysis of four books housed at the University Library of Southern Denmark and the Smithsonian Libraries in Washington DC. Four green coloured book bindings have been investigated by optical microscopy, micro X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results show that the green pigments used to obscure the manuscript waste in all four cases contain orpiment ($ As_{2} %$ S_{3} $) and indigo ($ C_{16} %$ H_{11} %$ N_{2} %$ O_{2} $). Although the books were printed in diverse places in Europe—Basel, Bologna, and Lübeck—the styles of their bindings indicate that they were likely bound in the same region in the same period. It is further likely that they acquired their arsenic-rich paint as part of the bookbinding process. Issues concerning the toxicity, health issues for library staff, conservators and researchers handling the books are also addressed. © The Author(s) 2019
abstractGer	Abstract Efforts to read medieval manuscript waste recycled as bookbinding material in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries have resulted in the chemical analysis of four books housed at the University Library of Southern Denmark and the Smithsonian Libraries in Washington DC. Four green coloured book bindings have been investigated by optical microscopy, micro X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results show that the green pigments used to obscure the manuscript waste in all four cases contain orpiment ($ As_{2} %$ S_{3} $) and indigo ($ C_{16} %$ H_{11} %$ N_{2} %$ O_{2} $). Although the books were printed in diverse places in Europe—Basel, Bologna, and Lübeck—the styles of their bindings indicate that they were likely bound in the same region in the same period. It is further likely that they acquired their arsenic-rich paint as part of the bookbinding process. Issues concerning the toxicity, health issues for library staff, conservators and researchers handling the books are also addressed. © The Author(s) 2019
abstract_unstemmed	Abstract Efforts to read medieval manuscript waste recycled as bookbinding material in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries have resulted in the chemical analysis of four books housed at the University Library of Southern Denmark and the Smithsonian Libraries in Washington DC. Four green coloured book bindings have been investigated by optical microscopy, micro X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results show that the green pigments used to obscure the manuscript waste in all four cases contain orpiment ($ As_{2} %$ S_{3} $) and indigo ($ C_{16} %$ H_{11} %$ N_{2} %$ O_{2} $). Although the books were printed in diverse places in Europe—Basel, Bologna, and Lübeck—the styles of their bindings indicate that they were likely bound in the same region in the same period. It is further likely that they acquired their arsenic-rich paint as part of the bookbinding process. Issues concerning the toxicity, health issues for library staff, conservators and researchers handling the books are also addressed. © The Author(s) 2019
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title_short	Poisonous books: analyses of four sixteenth and seventeenth century book bindings covered with arsenic rich green paint
url	https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40494-019-0334-2
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author2	Holck, Jakob Povl Jørgensen, Bjarke Alvis, Alexandra Smith, Vanessa Haight Kavich, Gwénaëlle M. Harmon, Kimberly A. Dorch, Bertil Fabricius Rasmussen, Kaare Lund
author2Str	Holck, Jakob Povl Jørgensen, Bjarke Alvis, Alexandra Smith, Vanessa Haight Kavich, Gwénaëlle M. Harmon, Kimberly A. Dorch, Bertil Fabricius Rasmussen, Kaare Lund
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fullrecord_marcxml	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01000caa a22002652 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">SPR036532827</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-627</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20230519204200.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">201007s2019 xx \|\|\|\|\|o 00\| \|\|eng c</controlfield><datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.1186/s40494-019-0334-2</subfield><subfield code="2">doi</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-627)SPR036532827</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(SPR)s40494-019-0334-2-e</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="c">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Delbey, Thomas</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Poisonous books: analyses of four sixteenth and seventeenth century book bindings covered with arsenic rich green paint</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2019</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Computermedien</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Online-Ressource</subfield><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">© The Author(s) 2019</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Abstract Efforts to read medieval manuscript waste recycled as bookbinding material in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries have resulted in the chemical analysis of four books housed at the University Library of Southern Denmark and the Smithsonian Libraries in Washington DC. Four green coloured book bindings have been investigated by optical microscopy, micro X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results show that the green pigments used to obscure the manuscript waste in all four cases contain orpiment ($ As_{2} %$ S_{3} $) and indigo ($ C_{16} %$ H_{11} %$ N_{2} %$ O_{2} $). Although the books were printed in diverse places in Europe—Basel, Bologna, and Lübeck—the styles of their bindings indicate that they were likely bound in the same region in the same period. It is further likely that they acquired their arsenic-rich paint as part of the bookbinding process. Issues concerning the toxicity, health issues for library staff, conservators and researchers handling the books are also addressed.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Rare books</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Arsenic</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Bookbinding</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Handling of hazardous material</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">MS</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">LA-ICP-MS</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">µXRF</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">XRD</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Raman</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Book conservation</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Holck, Jakob Povl</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Jørgensen, Bjarke</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Alvis, Alexandra</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Smith, Vanessa Haight</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Kavich, Gwénaëlle M.</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Harmon, Kimberly A.</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Dorch, Bertil Fabricius</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Rasmussen, Kaare Lund</subfield><subfield code="0">(orcid)0000-0001-9575-868X</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Enthalten in</subfield><subfield code="t">Heritage Science</subfield><subfield code="d">London : Chemistry Central, 2013</subfield><subfield code="g">7(2019), 1 vom: 07. 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Poisonous books: analyses of four sixteenth and seventeenth century book bindings covered with arsenic rich green paint

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