Relationship between vertical facial patterns and dental arch form in class II malocclusion

Background The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between dental arch form and the vertical facial pattern determined by the angle between the mandibular plane and the anterior cranial base (Sella-nasion/mandibular plane angle (SN-MP)) in skeletal class II untreated patients. Meth...
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Autor*in:	Grippaudo, Cristina [verfasserIn] Oliva, Bruno Greco, Anna Lucia Sferra, Simone Deli, Roberto

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2013

Schlagwörter:	Arch form Class II malocclusion Vertical facial pattern Software

Anmerkung:	© Grippaudo et al.; licensee Springer. 2013. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Progress in orthodontics - Heidelberg : SpringerOpen, 2000, 14(2013), 1 vom: 07. Nov.
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:14 ; year:2013 ; number:1 ; day:07 ; month:11

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1186/2196-1042-14-43

Katalog-ID:	SPR036560103

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520			\|a Background The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between dental arch form and the vertical facial pattern determined by the angle between the mandibular plane and the anterior cranial base (Sella-nasion/mandibular plane angle (SN-MP)) in skeletal class II untreated patients. Methods A sample of 73 Caucasians patients with untreated skeletal class II in permanent dentition was divided into three groups according to the values of the angle SN-MP. An evaluation of the arch form was performed by angular and linear relation values on each patient. Regression analysis was used to determine the statistical significance of the relationships between SN-MP angle and dental arch form. The differences among the three groups were analyzed for significance using a variance analysis. Results A decrease of the upper arch transversal diameters in high SN-MP angle patients and an increase in low angle SN-MP ones (P < 0.05) were shown. Result analysis showed a change in upper arch shape, with a smaller intercanine width in patients with high SN-MP angle and a greater one in low angle patients. As SN-MP angle increased, the upper arch form tended to be narrower. No statistically significant difference in mandibular arch form among the three groups was found, except the angle value related to incisors position. Conclusions The results showed the association between the upper dental arch form and the vertical facial pattern. On the contrary, the lower arch form was not related to the mandibular divergence.
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allfields	10.1186/2196-1042-14-43 doi (DE-627)SPR036560103 (SPR)2196-1042-14-43-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Grippaudo, Cristina verfasserin aut Relationship between vertical facial patterns and dental arch form in class II malocclusion 2013 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Grippaudo et al.; licensee Springer. 2013. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( Background The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between dental arch form and the vertical facial pattern determined by the angle between the mandibular plane and the anterior cranial base (Sella-nasion/mandibular plane angle (SN-MP)) in skeletal class II untreated patients. Methods A sample of 73 Caucasians patients with untreated skeletal class II in permanent dentition was divided into three groups according to the values of the angle SN-MP. An evaluation of the arch form was performed by angular and linear relation values on each patient. Regression analysis was used to determine the statistical significance of the relationships between SN-MP angle and dental arch form. The differences among the three groups were analyzed for significance using a variance analysis. Results A decrease of the upper arch transversal diameters in high SN-MP angle patients and an increase in low angle SN-MP ones (P < 0.05) were shown. Result analysis showed a change in upper arch shape, with a smaller intercanine width in patients with high SN-MP angle and a greater one in low angle patients. As SN-MP angle increased, the upper arch form tended to be narrower. No statistically significant difference in mandibular arch form among the three groups was found, except the angle value related to incisors position. Conclusions The results showed the association between the upper dental arch form and the vertical facial pattern. On the contrary, the lower arch form was not related to the mandibular divergence. Arch form (dpeaa)DE-He213 Class II malocclusion (dpeaa)DE-He213 Vertical facial pattern (dpeaa)DE-He213 Software (dpeaa)DE-He213 Oliva, Bruno aut Greco, Anna Lucia aut Sferra, Simone aut Deli, Roberto aut Enthalten in Progress in orthodontics Heidelberg : SpringerOpen, 2000 14(2013), 1 vom: 07. Nov. (DE-627)325298319 (DE-600)2035497-6 2196-1042 nnns volume:14 year:2013 number:1 day:07 month:11 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2196-1042-14-43 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2013 1 07 11
spelling	10.1186/2196-1042-14-43 doi (DE-627)SPR036560103 (SPR)2196-1042-14-43-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Grippaudo, Cristina verfasserin aut Relationship between vertical facial patterns and dental arch form in class II malocclusion 2013 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Grippaudo et al.; licensee Springer. 2013. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( Background The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between dental arch form and the vertical facial pattern determined by the angle between the mandibular plane and the anterior cranial base (Sella-nasion/mandibular plane angle (SN-MP)) in skeletal class II untreated patients. Methods A sample of 73 Caucasians patients with untreated skeletal class II in permanent dentition was divided into three groups according to the values of the angle SN-MP. An evaluation of the arch form was performed by angular and linear relation values on each patient. Regression analysis was used to determine the statistical significance of the relationships between SN-MP angle and dental arch form. The differences among the three groups were analyzed for significance using a variance analysis. Results A decrease of the upper arch transversal diameters in high SN-MP angle patients and an increase in low angle SN-MP ones (P < 0.05) were shown. Result analysis showed a change in upper arch shape, with a smaller intercanine width in patients with high SN-MP angle and a greater one in low angle patients. As SN-MP angle increased, the upper arch form tended to be narrower. No statistically significant difference in mandibular arch form among the three groups was found, except the angle value related to incisors position. Conclusions The results showed the association between the upper dental arch form and the vertical facial pattern. On the contrary, the lower arch form was not related to the mandibular divergence. Arch form (dpeaa)DE-He213 Class II malocclusion (dpeaa)DE-He213 Vertical facial pattern (dpeaa)DE-He213 Software (dpeaa)DE-He213 Oliva, Bruno aut Greco, Anna Lucia aut Sferra, Simone aut Deli, Roberto aut Enthalten in Progress in orthodontics Heidelberg : SpringerOpen, 2000 14(2013), 1 vom: 07. Nov. (DE-627)325298319 (DE-600)2035497-6 2196-1042 nnns volume:14 year:2013 number:1 day:07 month:11 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2196-1042-14-43 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2013 1 07 11
allfields_unstemmed	10.1186/2196-1042-14-43 doi (DE-627)SPR036560103 (SPR)2196-1042-14-43-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Grippaudo, Cristina verfasserin aut Relationship between vertical facial patterns and dental arch form in class II malocclusion 2013 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Grippaudo et al.; licensee Springer. 2013. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( Background The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between dental arch form and the vertical facial pattern determined by the angle between the mandibular plane and the anterior cranial base (Sella-nasion/mandibular plane angle (SN-MP)) in skeletal class II untreated patients. Methods A sample of 73 Caucasians patients with untreated skeletal class II in permanent dentition was divided into three groups according to the values of the angle SN-MP. An evaluation of the arch form was performed by angular and linear relation values on each patient. Regression analysis was used to determine the statistical significance of the relationships between SN-MP angle and dental arch form. The differences among the three groups were analyzed for significance using a variance analysis. Results A decrease of the upper arch transversal diameters in high SN-MP angle patients and an increase in low angle SN-MP ones (P < 0.05) were shown. Result analysis showed a change in upper arch shape, with a smaller intercanine width in patients with high SN-MP angle and a greater one in low angle patients. As SN-MP angle increased, the upper arch form tended to be narrower. No statistically significant difference in mandibular arch form among the three groups was found, except the angle value related to incisors position. Conclusions The results showed the association between the upper dental arch form and the vertical facial pattern. On the contrary, the lower arch form was not related to the mandibular divergence. Arch form (dpeaa)DE-He213 Class II malocclusion (dpeaa)DE-He213 Vertical facial pattern (dpeaa)DE-He213 Software (dpeaa)DE-He213 Oliva, Bruno aut Greco, Anna Lucia aut Sferra, Simone aut Deli, Roberto aut Enthalten in Progress in orthodontics Heidelberg : SpringerOpen, 2000 14(2013), 1 vom: 07. Nov. (DE-627)325298319 (DE-600)2035497-6 2196-1042 nnns volume:14 year:2013 number:1 day:07 month:11 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2196-1042-14-43 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2013 1 07 11
allfieldsGer	10.1186/2196-1042-14-43 doi (DE-627)SPR036560103 (SPR)2196-1042-14-43-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Grippaudo, Cristina verfasserin aut Relationship between vertical facial patterns and dental arch form in class II malocclusion 2013 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Grippaudo et al.; licensee Springer. 2013. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( Background The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between dental arch form and the vertical facial pattern determined by the angle between the mandibular plane and the anterior cranial base (Sella-nasion/mandibular plane angle (SN-MP)) in skeletal class II untreated patients. Methods A sample of 73 Caucasians patients with untreated skeletal class II in permanent dentition was divided into three groups according to the values of the angle SN-MP. An evaluation of the arch form was performed by angular and linear relation values on each patient. Regression analysis was used to determine the statistical significance of the relationships between SN-MP angle and dental arch form. The differences among the three groups were analyzed for significance using a variance analysis. Results A decrease of the upper arch transversal diameters in high SN-MP angle patients and an increase in low angle SN-MP ones (P < 0.05) were shown. Result analysis showed a change in upper arch shape, with a smaller intercanine width in patients with high SN-MP angle and a greater one in low angle patients. As SN-MP angle increased, the upper arch form tended to be narrower. No statistically significant difference in mandibular arch form among the three groups was found, except the angle value related to incisors position. Conclusions The results showed the association between the upper dental arch form and the vertical facial pattern. On the contrary, the lower arch form was not related to the mandibular divergence. Arch form (dpeaa)DE-He213 Class II malocclusion (dpeaa)DE-He213 Vertical facial pattern (dpeaa)DE-He213 Software (dpeaa)DE-He213 Oliva, Bruno aut Greco, Anna Lucia aut Sferra, Simone aut Deli, Roberto aut Enthalten in Progress in orthodontics Heidelberg : SpringerOpen, 2000 14(2013), 1 vom: 07. Nov. (DE-627)325298319 (DE-600)2035497-6 2196-1042 nnns volume:14 year:2013 number:1 day:07 month:11 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2196-1042-14-43 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2013 1 07 11
allfieldsSound	10.1186/2196-1042-14-43 doi (DE-627)SPR036560103 (SPR)2196-1042-14-43-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Grippaudo, Cristina verfasserin aut Relationship between vertical facial patterns and dental arch form in class II malocclusion 2013 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Grippaudo et al.; licensee Springer. 2013. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( Background The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between dental arch form and the vertical facial pattern determined by the angle between the mandibular plane and the anterior cranial base (Sella-nasion/mandibular plane angle (SN-MP)) in skeletal class II untreated patients. Methods A sample of 73 Caucasians patients with untreated skeletal class II in permanent dentition was divided into three groups according to the values of the angle SN-MP. An evaluation of the arch form was performed by angular and linear relation values on each patient. Regression analysis was used to determine the statistical significance of the relationships between SN-MP angle and dental arch form. The differences among the three groups were analyzed for significance using a variance analysis. Results A decrease of the upper arch transversal diameters in high SN-MP angle patients and an increase in low angle SN-MP ones (P < 0.05) were shown. Result analysis showed a change in upper arch shape, with a smaller intercanine width in patients with high SN-MP angle and a greater one in low angle patients. As SN-MP angle increased, the upper arch form tended to be narrower. No statistically significant difference in mandibular arch form among the three groups was found, except the angle value related to incisors position. Conclusions The results showed the association between the upper dental arch form and the vertical facial pattern. On the contrary, the lower arch form was not related to the mandibular divergence. Arch form (dpeaa)DE-He213 Class II malocclusion (dpeaa)DE-He213 Vertical facial pattern (dpeaa)DE-He213 Software (dpeaa)DE-He213 Oliva, Bruno aut Greco, Anna Lucia aut Sferra, Simone aut Deli, Roberto aut Enthalten in Progress in orthodontics Heidelberg : SpringerOpen, 2000 14(2013), 1 vom: 07. Nov. (DE-627)325298319 (DE-600)2035497-6 2196-1042 nnns volume:14 year:2013 number:1 day:07 month:11 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2196-1042-14-43 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2013 1 07 11
language	English
source	Enthalten in Progress in orthodontics 14(2013), 1 vom: 07. Nov. volume:14 year:2013 number:1 day:07 month:11
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Background The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between dental arch form and the vertical facial pattern determined by the angle between the mandibular plane and the anterior cranial base (Sella-nasion/mandibular plane angle (SN-MP)) in skeletal class II untreated patients. Methods A sample of 73 Caucasians patients with untreated skeletal class II in permanent dentition was divided into three groups according to the values of the angle SN-MP. An evaluation of the arch form was performed by angular and linear relation values on each patient. Regression analysis was used to determine the statistical significance of the relationships between SN-MP angle and dental arch form. The differences among the three groups were analyzed for significance using a variance analysis. Results A decrease of the upper arch transversal diameters in high SN-MP angle patients and an increase in low angle SN-MP ones (P < 0.05) were shown. Result analysis showed a change in upper arch shape, with a smaller intercanine width in patients with high SN-MP angle and a greater one in low angle patients. As SN-MP angle increased, the upper arch form tended to be narrower. No statistically significant difference in mandibular arch form among the three groups was found, except the angle value related to incisors position. Conclusions The results showed the association between the upper dental arch form and the vertical facial pattern. 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author	Grippaudo, Cristina
spellingShingle	Grippaudo, Cristina misc Arch form misc Class II malocclusion misc Vertical facial pattern misc Software Relationship between vertical facial patterns and dental arch form in class II malocclusion
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topic_title	Relationship between vertical facial patterns and dental arch form in class II malocclusion Arch form (dpeaa)DE-He213 Class II malocclusion (dpeaa)DE-He213 Vertical facial pattern (dpeaa)DE-He213 Software (dpeaa)DE-He213
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title	Relationship between vertical facial patterns and dental arch form in class II malocclusion
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title_full	Relationship between vertical facial patterns and dental arch form in class II malocclusion
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title_sort	relationship between vertical facial patterns and dental arch form in class ii malocclusion
title_auth	Relationship between vertical facial patterns and dental arch form in class II malocclusion
abstract	Background The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between dental arch form and the vertical facial pattern determined by the angle between the mandibular plane and the anterior cranial base (Sella-nasion/mandibular plane angle (SN-MP)) in skeletal class II untreated patients. Methods A sample of 73 Caucasians patients with untreated skeletal class II in permanent dentition was divided into three groups according to the values of the angle SN-MP. An evaluation of the arch form was performed by angular and linear relation values on each patient. Regression analysis was used to determine the statistical significance of the relationships between SN-MP angle and dental arch form. The differences among the three groups were analyzed for significance using a variance analysis. Results A decrease of the upper arch transversal diameters in high SN-MP angle patients and an increase in low angle SN-MP ones (P < 0.05) were shown. Result analysis showed a change in upper arch shape, with a smaller intercanine width in patients with high SN-MP angle and a greater one in low angle patients. As SN-MP angle increased, the upper arch form tended to be narrower. No statistically significant difference in mandibular arch form among the three groups was found, except the angle value related to incisors position. Conclusions The results showed the association between the upper dental arch form and the vertical facial pattern. On the contrary, the lower arch form was not related to the mandibular divergence. © Grippaudo et al.; licensee Springer. 2013. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (
abstractGer	Background The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between dental arch form and the vertical facial pattern determined by the angle between the mandibular plane and the anterior cranial base (Sella-nasion/mandibular plane angle (SN-MP)) in skeletal class II untreated patients. Methods A sample of 73 Caucasians patients with untreated skeletal class II in permanent dentition was divided into three groups according to the values of the angle SN-MP. An evaluation of the arch form was performed by angular and linear relation values on each patient. Regression analysis was used to determine the statistical significance of the relationships between SN-MP angle and dental arch form. The differences among the three groups were analyzed for significance using a variance analysis. Results A decrease of the upper arch transversal diameters in high SN-MP angle patients and an increase in low angle SN-MP ones (P < 0.05) were shown. Result analysis showed a change in upper arch shape, with a smaller intercanine width in patients with high SN-MP angle and a greater one in low angle patients. As SN-MP angle increased, the upper arch form tended to be narrower. No statistically significant difference in mandibular arch form among the three groups was found, except the angle value related to incisors position. Conclusions The results showed the association between the upper dental arch form and the vertical facial pattern. On the contrary, the lower arch form was not related to the mandibular divergence. © Grippaudo et al.; licensee Springer. 2013. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (
abstract_unstemmed	Background The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between dental arch form and the vertical facial pattern determined by the angle between the mandibular plane and the anterior cranial base (Sella-nasion/mandibular plane angle (SN-MP)) in skeletal class II untreated patients. Methods A sample of 73 Caucasians patients with untreated skeletal class II in permanent dentition was divided into three groups according to the values of the angle SN-MP. An evaluation of the arch form was performed by angular and linear relation values on each patient. Regression analysis was used to determine the statistical significance of the relationships between SN-MP angle and dental arch form. The differences among the three groups were analyzed for significance using a variance analysis. Results A decrease of the upper arch transversal diameters in high SN-MP angle patients and an increase in low angle SN-MP ones (P < 0.05) were shown. Result analysis showed a change in upper arch shape, with a smaller intercanine width in patients with high SN-MP angle and a greater one in low angle patients. As SN-MP angle increased, the upper arch form tended to be narrower. No statistically significant difference in mandibular arch form among the three groups was found, except the angle value related to incisors position. Conclusions The results showed the association between the upper dental arch form and the vertical facial pattern. On the contrary, the lower arch form was not related to the mandibular divergence. © Grippaudo et al.; licensee Springer. 2013. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (
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title_short	Relationship between vertical facial patterns and dental arch form in class II malocclusion
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Background The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between dental arch form and the vertical facial pattern determined by the angle between the mandibular plane and the anterior cranial base (Sella-nasion/mandibular plane angle (SN-MP)) in skeletal class II untreated patients. Methods A sample of 73 Caucasians patients with untreated skeletal class II in permanent dentition was divided into three groups according to the values of the angle SN-MP. An evaluation of the arch form was performed by angular and linear relation values on each patient. Regression analysis was used to determine the statistical significance of the relationships between SN-MP angle and dental arch form. 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Relationship between vertical facial patterns and dental arch form in class II malocclusion

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