Thermal resistance of borehole heat exchangers composed of multiple loops and custom shapes

Background The thermal resistance of a borehole can be reduced by employing thermally enhanced grout, increasing the surface area of the loop and locating the legs proximal to the bore wall. Thermal models that are used to predict borehole heat exchange are characterized by either simplified formula...
Ausführliche Beschreibung

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Autor*in:	Koenig, AA [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2015

Schlagwörter:	Geothermal heating and cooling Ground source heat pump (GSHP) Vertical loops Borehole studies Loop field Multiple loops in borehole

Anmerkung:	© Koenig. 2015. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Geothermal Energy - Berlin : SpringerOpen, 2013, 3(2015), 1 vom: 17. Juni
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:3 ; year:2015 ; number:1 ; day:17 ; month:06

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1186/s40517-015-0029-1

Katalog-ID:	SPR036565903

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520			\|a Background The thermal resistance of a borehole can be reduced by employing thermally enhanced grout, increasing the surface area of the loop and locating the legs proximal to the bore wall. Thermal models that are used to predict borehole heat exchange are characterized by either simplified formulations that are restrictive in their application, but utilitarian, or complex multi-dimensional analyses that are cumbersome to implement. Methods The borehole resistance methodology presented here offers a straightforward solution that is built on single loop conduction shape factor analysis with thermal shunt accounting and pipe-pipe configuration analysis, to extend to multi-loop borehole configurations and custom kidney extrusions. Results The borehole resistance predictions are compared to published data and information listed by manufacturers of multi-loop products in third party thermal tests against standard loops. The results are found to agree within the constraints posed by the model assumptions. The methodology offers a straightforward solution that can be incorporated into popular geothermal loop sizing software such as GLD, GLHEPRO and other system software. Conclusions The advantages and challenges of these advanced loop designs are discussed and conclusions drawn. By reducing the bore resistance, one can take advantage of less drilling and proportionally less capital cost for the bore field, while achieving the same loop temperatures.
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allfields	10.1186/s40517-015-0029-1 doi (DE-627)SPR036565903 (SPR)s40517-015-0029-1-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Koenig, AA verfasserin aut Thermal resistance of borehole heat exchangers composed of multiple loops and custom shapes 2015 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Koenig. 2015. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( Background The thermal resistance of a borehole can be reduced by employing thermally enhanced grout, increasing the surface area of the loop and locating the legs proximal to the bore wall. Thermal models that are used to predict borehole heat exchange are characterized by either simplified formulations that are restrictive in their application, but utilitarian, or complex multi-dimensional analyses that are cumbersome to implement. Methods The borehole resistance methodology presented here offers a straightforward solution that is built on single loop conduction shape factor analysis with thermal shunt accounting and pipe-pipe configuration analysis, to extend to multi-loop borehole configurations and custom kidney extrusions. Results The borehole resistance predictions are compared to published data and information listed by manufacturers of multi-loop products in third party thermal tests against standard loops. The results are found to agree within the constraints posed by the model assumptions. The methodology offers a straightforward solution that can be incorporated into popular geothermal loop sizing software such as GLD, GLHEPRO and other system software. Conclusions The advantages and challenges of these advanced loop designs are discussed and conclusions drawn. By reducing the bore resistance, one can take advantage of less drilling and proportionally less capital cost for the bore field, while achieving the same loop temperatures. Geothermal heating and cooling (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ground source heat pump (GSHP) (dpeaa)DE-He213 Vertical loops (dpeaa)DE-He213 Borehole studies (dpeaa)DE-He213 Loop field (dpeaa)DE-He213 Multiple loops in borehole (dpeaa)DE-He213 Enthalten in Geothermal Energy Berlin : SpringerOpen, 2013 3(2015), 1 vom: 17. Juni (DE-627)749499893 (DE-600)2718871-1 2195-9706 nnns volume:3 year:2015 number:1 day:17 month:06 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40517-015-0029-1 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 3 2015 1 17 06
spelling	10.1186/s40517-015-0029-1 doi (DE-627)SPR036565903 (SPR)s40517-015-0029-1-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Koenig, AA verfasserin aut Thermal resistance of borehole heat exchangers composed of multiple loops and custom shapes 2015 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Koenig. 2015. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( Background The thermal resistance of a borehole can be reduced by employing thermally enhanced grout, increasing the surface area of the loop and locating the legs proximal to the bore wall. Thermal models that are used to predict borehole heat exchange are characterized by either simplified formulations that are restrictive in their application, but utilitarian, or complex multi-dimensional analyses that are cumbersome to implement. Methods The borehole resistance methodology presented here offers a straightforward solution that is built on single loop conduction shape factor analysis with thermal shunt accounting and pipe-pipe configuration analysis, to extend to multi-loop borehole configurations and custom kidney extrusions. Results The borehole resistance predictions are compared to published data and information listed by manufacturers of multi-loop products in third party thermal tests against standard loops. The results are found to agree within the constraints posed by the model assumptions. The methodology offers a straightforward solution that can be incorporated into popular geothermal loop sizing software such as GLD, GLHEPRO and other system software. Conclusions The advantages and challenges of these advanced loop designs are discussed and conclusions drawn. By reducing the bore resistance, one can take advantage of less drilling and proportionally less capital cost for the bore field, while achieving the same loop temperatures. Geothermal heating and cooling (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ground source heat pump (GSHP) (dpeaa)DE-He213 Vertical loops (dpeaa)DE-He213 Borehole studies (dpeaa)DE-He213 Loop field (dpeaa)DE-He213 Multiple loops in borehole (dpeaa)DE-He213 Enthalten in Geothermal Energy Berlin : SpringerOpen, 2013 3(2015), 1 vom: 17. Juni (DE-627)749499893 (DE-600)2718871-1 2195-9706 nnns volume:3 year:2015 number:1 day:17 month:06 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40517-015-0029-1 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 3 2015 1 17 06
allfields_unstemmed	10.1186/s40517-015-0029-1 doi (DE-627)SPR036565903 (SPR)s40517-015-0029-1-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Koenig, AA verfasserin aut Thermal resistance of borehole heat exchangers composed of multiple loops and custom shapes 2015 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Koenig. 2015. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( Background The thermal resistance of a borehole can be reduced by employing thermally enhanced grout, increasing the surface area of the loop and locating the legs proximal to the bore wall. Thermal models that are used to predict borehole heat exchange are characterized by either simplified formulations that are restrictive in their application, but utilitarian, or complex multi-dimensional analyses that are cumbersome to implement. Methods The borehole resistance methodology presented here offers a straightforward solution that is built on single loop conduction shape factor analysis with thermal shunt accounting and pipe-pipe configuration analysis, to extend to multi-loop borehole configurations and custom kidney extrusions. Results The borehole resistance predictions are compared to published data and information listed by manufacturers of multi-loop products in third party thermal tests against standard loops. The results are found to agree within the constraints posed by the model assumptions. The methodology offers a straightforward solution that can be incorporated into popular geothermal loop sizing software such as GLD, GLHEPRO and other system software. Conclusions The advantages and challenges of these advanced loop designs are discussed and conclusions drawn. By reducing the bore resistance, one can take advantage of less drilling and proportionally less capital cost for the bore field, while achieving the same loop temperatures. Geothermal heating and cooling (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ground source heat pump (GSHP) (dpeaa)DE-He213 Vertical loops (dpeaa)DE-He213 Borehole studies (dpeaa)DE-He213 Loop field (dpeaa)DE-He213 Multiple loops in borehole (dpeaa)DE-He213 Enthalten in Geothermal Energy Berlin : SpringerOpen, 2013 3(2015), 1 vom: 17. Juni (DE-627)749499893 (DE-600)2718871-1 2195-9706 nnns volume:3 year:2015 number:1 day:17 month:06 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40517-015-0029-1 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 3 2015 1 17 06
allfieldsGer	10.1186/s40517-015-0029-1 doi (DE-627)SPR036565903 (SPR)s40517-015-0029-1-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Koenig, AA verfasserin aut Thermal resistance of borehole heat exchangers composed of multiple loops and custom shapes 2015 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Koenig. 2015. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( Background The thermal resistance of a borehole can be reduced by employing thermally enhanced grout, increasing the surface area of the loop and locating the legs proximal to the bore wall. Thermal models that are used to predict borehole heat exchange are characterized by either simplified formulations that are restrictive in their application, but utilitarian, or complex multi-dimensional analyses that are cumbersome to implement. Methods The borehole resistance methodology presented here offers a straightforward solution that is built on single loop conduction shape factor analysis with thermal shunt accounting and pipe-pipe configuration analysis, to extend to multi-loop borehole configurations and custom kidney extrusions. Results The borehole resistance predictions are compared to published data and information listed by manufacturers of multi-loop products in third party thermal tests against standard loops. The results are found to agree within the constraints posed by the model assumptions. The methodology offers a straightforward solution that can be incorporated into popular geothermal loop sizing software such as GLD, GLHEPRO and other system software. Conclusions The advantages and challenges of these advanced loop designs are discussed and conclusions drawn. By reducing the bore resistance, one can take advantage of less drilling and proportionally less capital cost for the bore field, while achieving the same loop temperatures. Geothermal heating and cooling (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ground source heat pump (GSHP) (dpeaa)DE-He213 Vertical loops (dpeaa)DE-He213 Borehole studies (dpeaa)DE-He213 Loop field (dpeaa)DE-He213 Multiple loops in borehole (dpeaa)DE-He213 Enthalten in Geothermal Energy Berlin : SpringerOpen, 2013 3(2015), 1 vom: 17. Juni (DE-627)749499893 (DE-600)2718871-1 2195-9706 nnns volume:3 year:2015 number:1 day:17 month:06 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40517-015-0029-1 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 3 2015 1 17 06
allfieldsSound	10.1186/s40517-015-0029-1 doi (DE-627)SPR036565903 (SPR)s40517-015-0029-1-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Koenig, AA verfasserin aut Thermal resistance of borehole heat exchangers composed of multiple loops and custom shapes 2015 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Koenig. 2015. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( Background The thermal resistance of a borehole can be reduced by employing thermally enhanced grout, increasing the surface area of the loop and locating the legs proximal to the bore wall. Thermal models that are used to predict borehole heat exchange are characterized by either simplified formulations that are restrictive in their application, but utilitarian, or complex multi-dimensional analyses that are cumbersome to implement. Methods The borehole resistance methodology presented here offers a straightforward solution that is built on single loop conduction shape factor analysis with thermal shunt accounting and pipe-pipe configuration analysis, to extend to multi-loop borehole configurations and custom kidney extrusions. Results The borehole resistance predictions are compared to published data and information listed by manufacturers of multi-loop products in third party thermal tests against standard loops. The results are found to agree within the constraints posed by the model assumptions. The methodology offers a straightforward solution that can be incorporated into popular geothermal loop sizing software such as GLD, GLHEPRO and other system software. Conclusions The advantages and challenges of these advanced loop designs are discussed and conclusions drawn. By reducing the bore resistance, one can take advantage of less drilling and proportionally less capital cost for the bore field, while achieving the same loop temperatures. Geothermal heating and cooling (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ground source heat pump (GSHP) (dpeaa)DE-He213 Vertical loops (dpeaa)DE-He213 Borehole studies (dpeaa)DE-He213 Loop field (dpeaa)DE-He213 Multiple loops in borehole (dpeaa)DE-He213 Enthalten in Geothermal Energy Berlin : SpringerOpen, 2013 3(2015), 1 vom: 17. Juni (DE-627)749499893 (DE-600)2718871-1 2195-9706 nnns volume:3 year:2015 number:1 day:17 month:06 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40517-015-0029-1 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 3 2015 1 17 06
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Results The borehole resistance predictions are compared to published data and information listed by manufacturers of multi-loop products in third party thermal tests against standard loops. The results are found to agree within the constraints posed by the model assumptions. The methodology offers a straightforward solution that can be incorporated into popular geothermal loop sizing software such as GLD, GLHEPRO and other system software. Conclusions The advantages and challenges of these advanced loop designs are discussed and conclusions drawn. 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author	Koenig, AA
spellingShingle	Koenig, AA misc Geothermal heating and cooling misc Ground source heat pump (GSHP) misc Vertical loops misc Borehole studies misc Loop field misc Multiple loops in borehole Thermal resistance of borehole heat exchangers composed of multiple loops and custom shapes
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topic_title	Thermal resistance of borehole heat exchangers composed of multiple loops and custom shapes Geothermal heating and cooling (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ground source heat pump (GSHP) (dpeaa)DE-He213 Vertical loops (dpeaa)DE-He213 Borehole studies (dpeaa)DE-He213 Loop field (dpeaa)DE-He213 Multiple loops in borehole (dpeaa)DE-He213
topic	misc Geothermal heating and cooling misc Ground source heat pump (GSHP) misc Vertical loops misc Borehole studies misc Loop field misc Multiple loops in borehole
topic_unstemmed	misc Geothermal heating and cooling misc Ground source heat pump (GSHP) misc Vertical loops misc Borehole studies misc Loop field misc Multiple loops in borehole
topic_browse	misc Geothermal heating and cooling misc Ground source heat pump (GSHP) misc Vertical loops misc Borehole studies misc Loop field misc Multiple loops in borehole
format_facet	Elektronische Aufsätze Aufsätze Elektronische Ressource
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title	Thermal resistance of borehole heat exchangers composed of multiple loops and custom shapes
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title_full	Thermal resistance of borehole heat exchangers composed of multiple loops and custom shapes
author_sort	Koenig, AA
journal	Geothermal Energy
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doi_str_mv	10.1186/s40517-015-0029-1
title_sort	thermal resistance of borehole heat exchangers composed of multiple loops and custom shapes
title_auth	Thermal resistance of borehole heat exchangers composed of multiple loops and custom shapes
abstract	Background The thermal resistance of a borehole can be reduced by employing thermally enhanced grout, increasing the surface area of the loop and locating the legs proximal to the bore wall. Thermal models that are used to predict borehole heat exchange are characterized by either simplified formulations that are restrictive in their application, but utilitarian, or complex multi-dimensional analyses that are cumbersome to implement. Methods The borehole resistance methodology presented here offers a straightforward solution that is built on single loop conduction shape factor analysis with thermal shunt accounting and pipe-pipe configuration analysis, to extend to multi-loop borehole configurations and custom kidney extrusions. Results The borehole resistance predictions are compared to published data and information listed by manufacturers of multi-loop products in third party thermal tests against standard loops. The results are found to agree within the constraints posed by the model assumptions. The methodology offers a straightforward solution that can be incorporated into popular geothermal loop sizing software such as GLD, GLHEPRO and other system software. Conclusions The advantages and challenges of these advanced loop designs are discussed and conclusions drawn. By reducing the bore resistance, one can take advantage of less drilling and proportionally less capital cost for the bore field, while achieving the same loop temperatures. © Koenig. 2015. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (
abstractGer	Background The thermal resistance of a borehole can be reduced by employing thermally enhanced grout, increasing the surface area of the loop and locating the legs proximal to the bore wall. Thermal models that are used to predict borehole heat exchange are characterized by either simplified formulations that are restrictive in their application, but utilitarian, or complex multi-dimensional analyses that are cumbersome to implement. Methods The borehole resistance methodology presented here offers a straightforward solution that is built on single loop conduction shape factor analysis with thermal shunt accounting and pipe-pipe configuration analysis, to extend to multi-loop borehole configurations and custom kidney extrusions. Results The borehole resistance predictions are compared to published data and information listed by manufacturers of multi-loop products in third party thermal tests against standard loops. The results are found to agree within the constraints posed by the model assumptions. The methodology offers a straightforward solution that can be incorporated into popular geothermal loop sizing software such as GLD, GLHEPRO and other system software. Conclusions The advantages and challenges of these advanced loop designs are discussed and conclusions drawn. By reducing the bore resistance, one can take advantage of less drilling and proportionally less capital cost for the bore field, while achieving the same loop temperatures. © Koenig. 2015. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (
abstract_unstemmed	Background The thermal resistance of a borehole can be reduced by employing thermally enhanced grout, increasing the surface area of the loop and locating the legs proximal to the bore wall. Thermal models that are used to predict borehole heat exchange are characterized by either simplified formulations that are restrictive in their application, but utilitarian, or complex multi-dimensional analyses that are cumbersome to implement. Methods The borehole resistance methodology presented here offers a straightforward solution that is built on single loop conduction shape factor analysis with thermal shunt accounting and pipe-pipe configuration analysis, to extend to multi-loop borehole configurations and custom kidney extrusions. Results The borehole resistance predictions are compared to published data and information listed by manufacturers of multi-loop products in third party thermal tests against standard loops. The results are found to agree within the constraints posed by the model assumptions. The methodology offers a straightforward solution that can be incorporated into popular geothermal loop sizing software such as GLD, GLHEPRO and other system software. Conclusions The advantages and challenges of these advanced loop designs are discussed and conclusions drawn. By reducing the bore resistance, one can take advantage of less drilling and proportionally less capital cost for the bore field, while achieving the same loop temperatures. © Koenig. 2015. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (
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title_short	Thermal resistance of borehole heat exchangers composed of multiple loops and custom shapes
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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Background The thermal resistance of a borehole can be reduced by employing thermally enhanced grout, increasing the surface area of the loop and locating the legs proximal to the bore wall. Thermal models that are used to predict borehole heat exchange are characterized by either simplified formulations that are restrictive in their application, but utilitarian, or complex multi-dimensional analyses that are cumbersome to implement. Methods The borehole resistance methodology presented here offers a straightforward solution that is built on single loop conduction shape factor analysis with thermal shunt accounting and pipe-pipe configuration analysis, to extend to multi-loop borehole configurations and custom kidney extrusions. 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Vorhandene Bände

Nicht das Richtige dabei?