Effects of paraffin external coating on the degradable flower pot made of sludge cake
Objectives The researchers have tried to economically make a flower pot from sludge cake produced in paper mill industries for the purpose of decreasing its volume. The crude flower pot did not resist natural sprinkling of water or natural rain. The aims of this study were to clarify two hypotheses:...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Kongmuang, Udomsak [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2018 |
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| Anmerkung: |
© The Author(s) 2018 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Chemical and Biological Technologies for Agriculture - Berlin : SpringerOpen, 2014, 5(2018), 1 vom: 22. Nov. |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:5 ; year:2018 ; number:1 ; day:22 ; month:11 |
| Links: |
|---|
| DOI / URN: |
10.1186/s40538-018-0135-y |
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| Katalog-ID: |
SPR036634549 |
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| 520 | |a Objectives The researchers have tried to economically make a flower pot from sludge cake produced in paper mill industries for the purpose of decreasing its volume. The crude flower pot did not resist natural sprinkling of water or natural rain. The aims of this study were to clarify two hypotheses: (1) whether life time of a degradable flower pot on the ground would be prolonged or not by coating it with appropriate material, and (2) whether paraffin, material used for coating flower pot, would prevent the toxicity of sludge cake in it. Methods Sludge cake was mixed with soil. The circular plaster mold was used as a fixed mold. Three types of coating materials, paraffin wax, tapioca starch and modified tapioca starch were selected. Water durability test was performed with a water sprinkler. As the toxicological testing, leaching test and seed germination test were used using the paraffin-coated flower pot. Results In the water durability test, the durability was different among types of the coated flower pot. Among them, the paraffin prolonged the life time of flower pot on the ground until 5 weeks at least and may be 8 weeks. The results of leaching test using the paraffin-coated flower pot showed that three heavy metals, lead, nickel and copper, were lower than the standard in Thailand, but the paraffin had no preventive effect on the leaching of the heavy metals from the sludge cake in the flower pot. The seed germination test showed no significant difference in the number of germination of Chinese kale and the length of its leaf from those grown in the plant soil, and suggested that the paraffin-coated flower pot seemed to have no suppressive effect on the seed germination of Chinese kale. Conclusion The paraffin prolongs the life time of flower pot on the ground. Although it has no preventive effect on the toxicity of the sludge cake in the flower pot, the paraffin-coated flower pot seems to have no negative effect on the environment. This paraffin-coated flower pot has the possibility to reuse the sludge cake in the horticultural practice of growing the ornamental plant. | ||
| 700 | 1 | |a Phornpimolthape, Chaovayut |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Morioka, Ikuharu |0 (orcid)0000-0003-1960-6910 |4 aut | |
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10.1186/s40538-018-0135-y doi (DE-627)SPR036634549 (SPR)s40538-018-0135-y-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Kongmuang, Udomsak verfasserin aut Effects of paraffin external coating on the degradable flower pot made of sludge cake 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2018 Objectives The researchers have tried to economically make a flower pot from sludge cake produced in paper mill industries for the purpose of decreasing its volume. The crude flower pot did not resist natural sprinkling of water or natural rain. The aims of this study were to clarify two hypotheses: (1) whether life time of a degradable flower pot on the ground would be prolonged or not by coating it with appropriate material, and (2) whether paraffin, material used for coating flower pot, would prevent the toxicity of sludge cake in it. Methods Sludge cake was mixed with soil. The circular plaster mold was used as a fixed mold. Three types of coating materials, paraffin wax, tapioca starch and modified tapioca starch were selected. Water durability test was performed with a water sprinkler. As the toxicological testing, leaching test and seed germination test were used using the paraffin-coated flower pot. Results In the water durability test, the durability was different among types of the coated flower pot. Among them, the paraffin prolonged the life time of flower pot on the ground until 5 weeks at least and may be 8 weeks. The results of leaching test using the paraffin-coated flower pot showed that three heavy metals, lead, nickel and copper, were lower than the standard in Thailand, but the paraffin had no preventive effect on the leaching of the heavy metals from the sludge cake in the flower pot. The seed germination test showed no significant difference in the number of germination of Chinese kale and the length of its leaf from those grown in the plant soil, and suggested that the paraffin-coated flower pot seemed to have no suppressive effect on the seed germination of Chinese kale. Conclusion The paraffin prolongs the life time of flower pot on the ground. Although it has no preventive effect on the toxicity of the sludge cake in the flower pot, the paraffin-coated flower pot seems to have no negative effect on the environment. This paraffin-coated flower pot has the possibility to reuse the sludge cake in the horticultural practice of growing the ornamental plant. Phornpimolthape, Chaovayut aut Morioka, Ikuharu (orcid)0000-0003-1960-6910 aut Enthalten in Chemical and Biological Technologies for Agriculture Berlin : SpringerOpen, 2014 5(2018), 1 vom: 22. Nov. (DE-627)78156820X (DE-600)2762782-2 2196-5641 nnns volume:5 year:2018 number:1 day:22 month:11 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40538-018-0135-y kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 5 2018 1 22 11 |
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10.1186/s40538-018-0135-y doi (DE-627)SPR036634549 (SPR)s40538-018-0135-y-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Kongmuang, Udomsak verfasserin aut Effects of paraffin external coating on the degradable flower pot made of sludge cake 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2018 Objectives The researchers have tried to economically make a flower pot from sludge cake produced in paper mill industries for the purpose of decreasing its volume. The crude flower pot did not resist natural sprinkling of water or natural rain. The aims of this study were to clarify two hypotheses: (1) whether life time of a degradable flower pot on the ground would be prolonged or not by coating it with appropriate material, and (2) whether paraffin, material used for coating flower pot, would prevent the toxicity of sludge cake in it. Methods Sludge cake was mixed with soil. The circular plaster mold was used as a fixed mold. Three types of coating materials, paraffin wax, tapioca starch and modified tapioca starch were selected. Water durability test was performed with a water sprinkler. As the toxicological testing, leaching test and seed germination test were used using the paraffin-coated flower pot. Results In the water durability test, the durability was different among types of the coated flower pot. Among them, the paraffin prolonged the life time of flower pot on the ground until 5 weeks at least and may be 8 weeks. The results of leaching test using the paraffin-coated flower pot showed that three heavy metals, lead, nickel and copper, were lower than the standard in Thailand, but the paraffin had no preventive effect on the leaching of the heavy metals from the sludge cake in the flower pot. The seed germination test showed no significant difference in the number of germination of Chinese kale and the length of its leaf from those grown in the plant soil, and suggested that the paraffin-coated flower pot seemed to have no suppressive effect on the seed germination of Chinese kale. Conclusion The paraffin prolongs the life time of flower pot on the ground. Although it has no preventive effect on the toxicity of the sludge cake in the flower pot, the paraffin-coated flower pot seems to have no negative effect on the environment. This paraffin-coated flower pot has the possibility to reuse the sludge cake in the horticultural practice of growing the ornamental plant. Phornpimolthape, Chaovayut aut Morioka, Ikuharu (orcid)0000-0003-1960-6910 aut Enthalten in Chemical and Biological Technologies for Agriculture Berlin : SpringerOpen, 2014 5(2018), 1 vom: 22. Nov. (DE-627)78156820X (DE-600)2762782-2 2196-5641 nnns volume:5 year:2018 number:1 day:22 month:11 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40538-018-0135-y kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 5 2018 1 22 11 |
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10.1186/s40538-018-0135-y doi (DE-627)SPR036634549 (SPR)s40538-018-0135-y-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Kongmuang, Udomsak verfasserin aut Effects of paraffin external coating on the degradable flower pot made of sludge cake 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2018 Objectives The researchers have tried to economically make a flower pot from sludge cake produced in paper mill industries for the purpose of decreasing its volume. The crude flower pot did not resist natural sprinkling of water or natural rain. The aims of this study were to clarify two hypotheses: (1) whether life time of a degradable flower pot on the ground would be prolonged or not by coating it with appropriate material, and (2) whether paraffin, material used for coating flower pot, would prevent the toxicity of sludge cake in it. Methods Sludge cake was mixed with soil. The circular plaster mold was used as a fixed mold. Three types of coating materials, paraffin wax, tapioca starch and modified tapioca starch were selected. Water durability test was performed with a water sprinkler. As the toxicological testing, leaching test and seed germination test were used using the paraffin-coated flower pot. Results In the water durability test, the durability was different among types of the coated flower pot. Among them, the paraffin prolonged the life time of flower pot on the ground until 5 weeks at least and may be 8 weeks. The results of leaching test using the paraffin-coated flower pot showed that three heavy metals, lead, nickel and copper, were lower than the standard in Thailand, but the paraffin had no preventive effect on the leaching of the heavy metals from the sludge cake in the flower pot. The seed germination test showed no significant difference in the number of germination of Chinese kale and the length of its leaf from those grown in the plant soil, and suggested that the paraffin-coated flower pot seemed to have no suppressive effect on the seed germination of Chinese kale. Conclusion The paraffin prolongs the life time of flower pot on the ground. Although it has no preventive effect on the toxicity of the sludge cake in the flower pot, the paraffin-coated flower pot seems to have no negative effect on the environment. This paraffin-coated flower pot has the possibility to reuse the sludge cake in the horticultural practice of growing the ornamental plant. Phornpimolthape, Chaovayut aut Morioka, Ikuharu (orcid)0000-0003-1960-6910 aut Enthalten in Chemical and Biological Technologies for Agriculture Berlin : SpringerOpen, 2014 5(2018), 1 vom: 22. Nov. (DE-627)78156820X (DE-600)2762782-2 2196-5641 nnns volume:5 year:2018 number:1 day:22 month:11 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40538-018-0135-y kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 5 2018 1 22 11 |
| allfieldsGer |
10.1186/s40538-018-0135-y doi (DE-627)SPR036634549 (SPR)s40538-018-0135-y-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Kongmuang, Udomsak verfasserin aut Effects of paraffin external coating on the degradable flower pot made of sludge cake 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2018 Objectives The researchers have tried to economically make a flower pot from sludge cake produced in paper mill industries for the purpose of decreasing its volume. The crude flower pot did not resist natural sprinkling of water or natural rain. The aims of this study were to clarify two hypotheses: (1) whether life time of a degradable flower pot on the ground would be prolonged or not by coating it with appropriate material, and (2) whether paraffin, material used for coating flower pot, would prevent the toxicity of sludge cake in it. Methods Sludge cake was mixed with soil. The circular plaster mold was used as a fixed mold. Three types of coating materials, paraffin wax, tapioca starch and modified tapioca starch were selected. Water durability test was performed with a water sprinkler. As the toxicological testing, leaching test and seed germination test were used using the paraffin-coated flower pot. Results In the water durability test, the durability was different among types of the coated flower pot. Among them, the paraffin prolonged the life time of flower pot on the ground until 5 weeks at least and may be 8 weeks. The results of leaching test using the paraffin-coated flower pot showed that three heavy metals, lead, nickel and copper, were lower than the standard in Thailand, but the paraffin had no preventive effect on the leaching of the heavy metals from the sludge cake in the flower pot. The seed germination test showed no significant difference in the number of germination of Chinese kale and the length of its leaf from those grown in the plant soil, and suggested that the paraffin-coated flower pot seemed to have no suppressive effect on the seed germination of Chinese kale. Conclusion The paraffin prolongs the life time of flower pot on the ground. Although it has no preventive effect on the toxicity of the sludge cake in the flower pot, the paraffin-coated flower pot seems to have no negative effect on the environment. This paraffin-coated flower pot has the possibility to reuse the sludge cake in the horticultural practice of growing the ornamental plant. Phornpimolthape, Chaovayut aut Morioka, Ikuharu (orcid)0000-0003-1960-6910 aut Enthalten in Chemical and Biological Technologies for Agriculture Berlin : SpringerOpen, 2014 5(2018), 1 vom: 22. Nov. (DE-627)78156820X (DE-600)2762782-2 2196-5641 nnns volume:5 year:2018 number:1 day:22 month:11 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40538-018-0135-y kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 5 2018 1 22 11 |
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10.1186/s40538-018-0135-y doi (DE-627)SPR036634549 (SPR)s40538-018-0135-y-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Kongmuang, Udomsak verfasserin aut Effects of paraffin external coating on the degradable flower pot made of sludge cake 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2018 Objectives The researchers have tried to economically make a flower pot from sludge cake produced in paper mill industries for the purpose of decreasing its volume. The crude flower pot did not resist natural sprinkling of water or natural rain. The aims of this study were to clarify two hypotheses: (1) whether life time of a degradable flower pot on the ground would be prolonged or not by coating it with appropriate material, and (2) whether paraffin, material used for coating flower pot, would prevent the toxicity of sludge cake in it. Methods Sludge cake was mixed with soil. The circular plaster mold was used as a fixed mold. Three types of coating materials, paraffin wax, tapioca starch and modified tapioca starch were selected. Water durability test was performed with a water sprinkler. As the toxicological testing, leaching test and seed germination test were used using the paraffin-coated flower pot. Results In the water durability test, the durability was different among types of the coated flower pot. Among them, the paraffin prolonged the life time of flower pot on the ground until 5 weeks at least and may be 8 weeks. The results of leaching test using the paraffin-coated flower pot showed that three heavy metals, lead, nickel and copper, were lower than the standard in Thailand, but the paraffin had no preventive effect on the leaching of the heavy metals from the sludge cake in the flower pot. The seed germination test showed no significant difference in the number of germination of Chinese kale and the length of its leaf from those grown in the plant soil, and suggested that the paraffin-coated flower pot seemed to have no suppressive effect on the seed germination of Chinese kale. Conclusion The paraffin prolongs the life time of flower pot on the ground. Although it has no preventive effect on the toxicity of the sludge cake in the flower pot, the paraffin-coated flower pot seems to have no negative effect on the environment. This paraffin-coated flower pot has the possibility to reuse the sludge cake in the horticultural practice of growing the ornamental plant. Phornpimolthape, Chaovayut aut Morioka, Ikuharu (orcid)0000-0003-1960-6910 aut Enthalten in Chemical and Biological Technologies for Agriculture Berlin : SpringerOpen, 2014 5(2018), 1 vom: 22. Nov. (DE-627)78156820X (DE-600)2762782-2 2196-5641 nnns volume:5 year:2018 number:1 day:22 month:11 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40538-018-0135-y kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 5 2018 1 22 11 |
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The crude flower pot did not resist natural sprinkling of water or natural rain. The aims of this study were to clarify two hypotheses: (1) whether life time of a degradable flower pot on the ground would be prolonged or not by coating it with appropriate material, and (2) whether paraffin, material used for coating flower pot, would prevent the toxicity of sludge cake in it. Methods Sludge cake was mixed with soil. The circular plaster mold was used as a fixed mold. Three types of coating materials, paraffin wax, tapioca starch and modified tapioca starch were selected. Water durability test was performed with a water sprinkler. As the toxicological testing, leaching test and seed germination test were used using the paraffin-coated flower pot. Results In the water durability test, the durability was different among types of the coated flower pot. Among them, the paraffin prolonged the life time of flower pot on the ground until 5 weeks at least and may be 8 weeks. The results of leaching test using the paraffin-coated flower pot showed that three heavy metals, lead, nickel and copper, were lower than the standard in Thailand, but the paraffin had no preventive effect on the leaching of the heavy metals from the sludge cake in the flower pot. The seed germination test showed no significant difference in the number of germination of Chinese kale and the length of its leaf from those grown in the plant soil, and suggested that the paraffin-coated flower pot seemed to have no suppressive effect on the seed germination of Chinese kale. Conclusion The paraffin prolongs the life time of flower pot on the ground. Although it has no preventive effect on the toxicity of the sludge cake in the flower pot, the paraffin-coated flower pot seems to have no negative effect on the environment. 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Kongmuang, Udomsak |
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Effects of paraffin external coating on the degradable flower pot made of sludge cake |
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Effects of paraffin external coating on the degradable flower pot made of sludge cake |
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effects of paraffin external coating on the degradable flower pot made of sludge cake |
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Effects of paraffin external coating on the degradable flower pot made of sludge cake |
| abstract |
Objectives The researchers have tried to economically make a flower pot from sludge cake produced in paper mill industries for the purpose of decreasing its volume. The crude flower pot did not resist natural sprinkling of water or natural rain. The aims of this study were to clarify two hypotheses: (1) whether life time of a degradable flower pot on the ground would be prolonged or not by coating it with appropriate material, and (2) whether paraffin, material used for coating flower pot, would prevent the toxicity of sludge cake in it. Methods Sludge cake was mixed with soil. The circular plaster mold was used as a fixed mold. Three types of coating materials, paraffin wax, tapioca starch and modified tapioca starch were selected. Water durability test was performed with a water sprinkler. As the toxicological testing, leaching test and seed germination test were used using the paraffin-coated flower pot. Results In the water durability test, the durability was different among types of the coated flower pot. Among them, the paraffin prolonged the life time of flower pot on the ground until 5 weeks at least and may be 8 weeks. The results of leaching test using the paraffin-coated flower pot showed that three heavy metals, lead, nickel and copper, were lower than the standard in Thailand, but the paraffin had no preventive effect on the leaching of the heavy metals from the sludge cake in the flower pot. The seed germination test showed no significant difference in the number of germination of Chinese kale and the length of its leaf from those grown in the plant soil, and suggested that the paraffin-coated flower pot seemed to have no suppressive effect on the seed germination of Chinese kale. Conclusion The paraffin prolongs the life time of flower pot on the ground. Although it has no preventive effect on the toxicity of the sludge cake in the flower pot, the paraffin-coated flower pot seems to have no negative effect on the environment. This paraffin-coated flower pot has the possibility to reuse the sludge cake in the horticultural practice of growing the ornamental plant. © The Author(s) 2018 |
| abstractGer |
Objectives The researchers have tried to economically make a flower pot from sludge cake produced in paper mill industries for the purpose of decreasing its volume. The crude flower pot did not resist natural sprinkling of water or natural rain. The aims of this study were to clarify two hypotheses: (1) whether life time of a degradable flower pot on the ground would be prolonged or not by coating it with appropriate material, and (2) whether paraffin, material used for coating flower pot, would prevent the toxicity of sludge cake in it. Methods Sludge cake was mixed with soil. The circular plaster mold was used as a fixed mold. Three types of coating materials, paraffin wax, tapioca starch and modified tapioca starch were selected. Water durability test was performed with a water sprinkler. As the toxicological testing, leaching test and seed germination test were used using the paraffin-coated flower pot. Results In the water durability test, the durability was different among types of the coated flower pot. Among them, the paraffin prolonged the life time of flower pot on the ground until 5 weeks at least and may be 8 weeks. The results of leaching test using the paraffin-coated flower pot showed that three heavy metals, lead, nickel and copper, were lower than the standard in Thailand, but the paraffin had no preventive effect on the leaching of the heavy metals from the sludge cake in the flower pot. The seed germination test showed no significant difference in the number of germination of Chinese kale and the length of its leaf from those grown in the plant soil, and suggested that the paraffin-coated flower pot seemed to have no suppressive effect on the seed germination of Chinese kale. Conclusion The paraffin prolongs the life time of flower pot on the ground. Although it has no preventive effect on the toxicity of the sludge cake in the flower pot, the paraffin-coated flower pot seems to have no negative effect on the environment. This paraffin-coated flower pot has the possibility to reuse the sludge cake in the horticultural practice of growing the ornamental plant. © The Author(s) 2018 |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Objectives The researchers have tried to economically make a flower pot from sludge cake produced in paper mill industries for the purpose of decreasing its volume. The crude flower pot did not resist natural sprinkling of water or natural rain. The aims of this study were to clarify two hypotheses: (1) whether life time of a degradable flower pot on the ground would be prolonged or not by coating it with appropriate material, and (2) whether paraffin, material used for coating flower pot, would prevent the toxicity of sludge cake in it. Methods Sludge cake was mixed with soil. The circular plaster mold was used as a fixed mold. Three types of coating materials, paraffin wax, tapioca starch and modified tapioca starch were selected. Water durability test was performed with a water sprinkler. As the toxicological testing, leaching test and seed germination test were used using the paraffin-coated flower pot. Results In the water durability test, the durability was different among types of the coated flower pot. Among them, the paraffin prolonged the life time of flower pot on the ground until 5 weeks at least and may be 8 weeks. The results of leaching test using the paraffin-coated flower pot showed that three heavy metals, lead, nickel and copper, were lower than the standard in Thailand, but the paraffin had no preventive effect on the leaching of the heavy metals from the sludge cake in the flower pot. The seed germination test showed no significant difference in the number of germination of Chinese kale and the length of its leaf from those grown in the plant soil, and suggested that the paraffin-coated flower pot seemed to have no suppressive effect on the seed germination of Chinese kale. Conclusion The paraffin prolongs the life time of flower pot on the ground. Although it has no preventive effect on the toxicity of the sludge cake in the flower pot, the paraffin-coated flower pot seems to have no negative effect on the environment. This paraffin-coated flower pot has the possibility to reuse the sludge cake in the horticultural practice of growing the ornamental plant. © The Author(s) 2018 |
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| score |
7.401573 |