Cold surge event observed by radiosonde observation from the research vessel “Hakuho-maru” over the Philippine Sea in December 2012

Abstract The thermal energy transfer from the sea surface to the atmosphere associated with a cold surge event was investigated with observations from radiosondes on the research vessel “Hakuho-maru” over the Philippine Sea in December 2012. These observations were analyzed, and the results were com...
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Autor*in:	Ogino, Shin-Ya [verfasserIn] Wu, Peiming Hattori, Miki Endo, Nobuhiko Kubota, Hisayuki Inoue, Tomoshige Matsumoto, Jun

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2018

Schlagwörter:	Cold surge Air-sea interaction Air mass transformation Hakuho-maru Philippine Sea VPREX2012 AMY2007-2012

Anmerkung:	© The Author(s) 2018

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Progress in Earth and Planetary Science - Berlin : SpringerOpen, 2014, 5(2018), 1 vom: 06. Feb.
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:5 ; year:2018 ; number:1 ; day:06 ; month:02

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1186/s40645-017-0163-4

Katalog-ID:	SPR037108115

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520			\|a Abstract The thermal energy transfer from the sea surface to the atmosphere associated with a cold surge event was investigated with observations from radiosondes on the research vessel “Hakuho-maru” over the Philippine Sea in December 2012. These observations were analyzed, and the results were compared with those obtained from observations over the East China Sea in the Air Mass Transformation Experiment in 1974 (AMTEX ‘74). The horizontal advection of cold and dry air associated with the cold surge dominated at heights below 850 hPa. In spite of this strong advection, the local temporal variations in the temperature and moisture were small, because the advection was balanced by the transfer of heat and moisture from the sea surface, which is qualitatively the same behavior as observed during the cold surge event in AMTEX ‘74. The eddy transport of the total heat energy from the sea surface to the atmosphere was estimated at about 410 W/$ m^{2} $, which is about half of the maximum value of 780 W/$ m^{2} $ observed during AMTEX ‘74. This result shows the existence of considerable heat transfer from the sea surface to the atmosphere over the Philippine Sea, which is the downstream region of the cold surge, after it passed through the East China Sea.
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allfields	10.1186/s40645-017-0163-4 doi (DE-627)SPR037108115 (SPR)s40645-017-0163-4-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Ogino, Shin-Ya verfasserin (orcid)0000-0001-9167-4833 aut Cold surge event observed by radiosonde observation from the research vessel “Hakuho-maru” over the Philippine Sea in December 2012 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2018 Abstract The thermal energy transfer from the sea surface to the atmosphere associated with a cold surge event was investigated with observations from radiosondes on the research vessel “Hakuho-maru” over the Philippine Sea in December 2012. These observations were analyzed, and the results were compared with those obtained from observations over the East China Sea in the Air Mass Transformation Experiment in 1974 (AMTEX ‘74). The horizontal advection of cold and dry air associated with the cold surge dominated at heights below 850 hPa. In spite of this strong advection, the local temporal variations in the temperature and moisture were small, because the advection was balanced by the transfer of heat and moisture from the sea surface, which is qualitatively the same behavior as observed during the cold surge event in AMTEX ‘74. The eddy transport of the total heat energy from the sea surface to the atmosphere was estimated at about 410 W/$ m^{2} $, which is about half of the maximum value of 780 W/$ m^{2} $ observed during AMTEX ‘74. This result shows the existence of considerable heat transfer from the sea surface to the atmosphere over the Philippine Sea, which is the downstream region of the cold surge, after it passed through the East China Sea. Cold surge (dpeaa)DE-He213 Air-sea interaction (dpeaa)DE-He213 Air mass transformation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Hakuho-maru (dpeaa)DE-He213 Philippine Sea (dpeaa)DE-He213 VPREX2012 (dpeaa)DE-He213 AMY2007-2012 (dpeaa)DE-He213 Wu, Peiming aut Hattori, Miki aut Endo, Nobuhiko aut Kubota, Hisayuki aut Inoue, Tomoshige aut Matsumoto, Jun aut Enthalten in Progress in Earth and Planetary Science Berlin : SpringerOpen, 2014 5(2018), 1 vom: 06. Feb. (DE-627)785702520 (DE-600)2769526-8 2197-4284 nnns volume:5 year:2018 number:1 day:06 month:02 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40645-017-0163-4 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_381 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 5 2018 1 06 02
spelling	10.1186/s40645-017-0163-4 doi (DE-627)SPR037108115 (SPR)s40645-017-0163-4-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Ogino, Shin-Ya verfasserin (orcid)0000-0001-9167-4833 aut Cold surge event observed by radiosonde observation from the research vessel “Hakuho-maru” over the Philippine Sea in December 2012 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2018 Abstract The thermal energy transfer from the sea surface to the atmosphere associated with a cold surge event was investigated with observations from radiosondes on the research vessel “Hakuho-maru” over the Philippine Sea in December 2012. These observations were analyzed, and the results were compared with those obtained from observations over the East China Sea in the Air Mass Transformation Experiment in 1974 (AMTEX ‘74). The horizontal advection of cold and dry air associated with the cold surge dominated at heights below 850 hPa. In spite of this strong advection, the local temporal variations in the temperature and moisture were small, because the advection was balanced by the transfer of heat and moisture from the sea surface, which is qualitatively the same behavior as observed during the cold surge event in AMTEX ‘74. The eddy transport of the total heat energy from the sea surface to the atmosphere was estimated at about 410 W/$ m^{2} $, which is about half of the maximum value of 780 W/$ m^{2} $ observed during AMTEX ‘74. This result shows the existence of considerable heat transfer from the sea surface to the atmosphere over the Philippine Sea, which is the downstream region of the cold surge, after it passed through the East China Sea. Cold surge (dpeaa)DE-He213 Air-sea interaction (dpeaa)DE-He213 Air mass transformation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Hakuho-maru (dpeaa)DE-He213 Philippine Sea (dpeaa)DE-He213 VPREX2012 (dpeaa)DE-He213 AMY2007-2012 (dpeaa)DE-He213 Wu, Peiming aut Hattori, Miki aut Endo, Nobuhiko aut Kubota, Hisayuki aut Inoue, Tomoshige aut Matsumoto, Jun aut Enthalten in Progress in Earth and Planetary Science Berlin : SpringerOpen, 2014 5(2018), 1 vom: 06. Feb. (DE-627)785702520 (DE-600)2769526-8 2197-4284 nnns volume:5 year:2018 number:1 day:06 month:02 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40645-017-0163-4 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_381 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 5 2018 1 06 02
allfields_unstemmed	10.1186/s40645-017-0163-4 doi (DE-627)SPR037108115 (SPR)s40645-017-0163-4-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Ogino, Shin-Ya verfasserin (orcid)0000-0001-9167-4833 aut Cold surge event observed by radiosonde observation from the research vessel “Hakuho-maru” over the Philippine Sea in December 2012 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2018 Abstract The thermal energy transfer from the sea surface to the atmosphere associated with a cold surge event was investigated with observations from radiosondes on the research vessel “Hakuho-maru” over the Philippine Sea in December 2012. These observations were analyzed, and the results were compared with those obtained from observations over the East China Sea in the Air Mass Transformation Experiment in 1974 (AMTEX ‘74). The horizontal advection of cold and dry air associated with the cold surge dominated at heights below 850 hPa. In spite of this strong advection, the local temporal variations in the temperature and moisture were small, because the advection was balanced by the transfer of heat and moisture from the sea surface, which is qualitatively the same behavior as observed during the cold surge event in AMTEX ‘74. The eddy transport of the total heat energy from the sea surface to the atmosphere was estimated at about 410 W/$ m^{2} $, which is about half of the maximum value of 780 W/$ m^{2} $ observed during AMTEX ‘74. This result shows the existence of considerable heat transfer from the sea surface to the atmosphere over the Philippine Sea, which is the downstream region of the cold surge, after it passed through the East China Sea. Cold surge (dpeaa)DE-He213 Air-sea interaction (dpeaa)DE-He213 Air mass transformation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Hakuho-maru (dpeaa)DE-He213 Philippine Sea (dpeaa)DE-He213 VPREX2012 (dpeaa)DE-He213 AMY2007-2012 (dpeaa)DE-He213 Wu, Peiming aut Hattori, Miki aut Endo, Nobuhiko aut Kubota, Hisayuki aut Inoue, Tomoshige aut Matsumoto, Jun aut Enthalten in Progress in Earth and Planetary Science Berlin : SpringerOpen, 2014 5(2018), 1 vom: 06. Feb. (DE-627)785702520 (DE-600)2769526-8 2197-4284 nnns volume:5 year:2018 number:1 day:06 month:02 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40645-017-0163-4 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_381 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 5 2018 1 06 02
allfieldsGer	10.1186/s40645-017-0163-4 doi (DE-627)SPR037108115 (SPR)s40645-017-0163-4-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Ogino, Shin-Ya verfasserin (orcid)0000-0001-9167-4833 aut Cold surge event observed by radiosonde observation from the research vessel “Hakuho-maru” over the Philippine Sea in December 2012 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2018 Abstract The thermal energy transfer from the sea surface to the atmosphere associated with a cold surge event was investigated with observations from radiosondes on the research vessel “Hakuho-maru” over the Philippine Sea in December 2012. These observations were analyzed, and the results were compared with those obtained from observations over the East China Sea in the Air Mass Transformation Experiment in 1974 (AMTEX ‘74). The horizontal advection of cold and dry air associated with the cold surge dominated at heights below 850 hPa. In spite of this strong advection, the local temporal variations in the temperature and moisture were small, because the advection was balanced by the transfer of heat and moisture from the sea surface, which is qualitatively the same behavior as observed during the cold surge event in AMTEX ‘74. The eddy transport of the total heat energy from the sea surface to the atmosphere was estimated at about 410 W/$ m^{2} $, which is about half of the maximum value of 780 W/$ m^{2} $ observed during AMTEX ‘74. This result shows the existence of considerable heat transfer from the sea surface to the atmosphere over the Philippine Sea, which is the downstream region of the cold surge, after it passed through the East China Sea. Cold surge (dpeaa)DE-He213 Air-sea interaction (dpeaa)DE-He213 Air mass transformation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Hakuho-maru (dpeaa)DE-He213 Philippine Sea (dpeaa)DE-He213 VPREX2012 (dpeaa)DE-He213 AMY2007-2012 (dpeaa)DE-He213 Wu, Peiming aut Hattori, Miki aut Endo, Nobuhiko aut Kubota, Hisayuki aut Inoue, Tomoshige aut Matsumoto, Jun aut Enthalten in Progress in Earth and Planetary Science Berlin : SpringerOpen, 2014 5(2018), 1 vom: 06. Feb. (DE-627)785702520 (DE-600)2769526-8 2197-4284 nnns volume:5 year:2018 number:1 day:06 month:02 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40645-017-0163-4 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_381 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 5 2018 1 06 02
allfieldsSound	10.1186/s40645-017-0163-4 doi (DE-627)SPR037108115 (SPR)s40645-017-0163-4-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Ogino, Shin-Ya verfasserin (orcid)0000-0001-9167-4833 aut Cold surge event observed by radiosonde observation from the research vessel “Hakuho-maru” over the Philippine Sea in December 2012 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2018 Abstract The thermal energy transfer from the sea surface to the atmosphere associated with a cold surge event was investigated with observations from radiosondes on the research vessel “Hakuho-maru” over the Philippine Sea in December 2012. These observations were analyzed, and the results were compared with those obtained from observations over the East China Sea in the Air Mass Transformation Experiment in 1974 (AMTEX ‘74). The horizontal advection of cold and dry air associated with the cold surge dominated at heights below 850 hPa. In spite of this strong advection, the local temporal variations in the temperature and moisture were small, because the advection was balanced by the transfer of heat and moisture from the sea surface, which is qualitatively the same behavior as observed during the cold surge event in AMTEX ‘74. The eddy transport of the total heat energy from the sea surface to the atmosphere was estimated at about 410 W/$ m^{2} $, which is about half of the maximum value of 780 W/$ m^{2} $ observed during AMTEX ‘74. This result shows the existence of considerable heat transfer from the sea surface to the atmosphere over the Philippine Sea, which is the downstream region of the cold surge, after it passed through the East China Sea. Cold surge (dpeaa)DE-He213 Air-sea interaction (dpeaa)DE-He213 Air mass transformation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Hakuho-maru (dpeaa)DE-He213 Philippine Sea (dpeaa)DE-He213 VPREX2012 (dpeaa)DE-He213 AMY2007-2012 (dpeaa)DE-He213 Wu, Peiming aut Hattori, Miki aut Endo, Nobuhiko aut Kubota, Hisayuki aut Inoue, Tomoshige aut Matsumoto, Jun aut Enthalten in Progress in Earth and Planetary Science Berlin : SpringerOpen, 2014 5(2018), 1 vom: 06. Feb. (DE-627)785702520 (DE-600)2769526-8 2197-4284 nnns volume:5 year:2018 number:1 day:06 month:02 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40645-017-0163-4 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_381 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 5 2018 1 06 02
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author	Ogino, Shin-Ya
spellingShingle	Ogino, Shin-Ya misc Cold surge misc Air-sea interaction misc Air mass transformation misc Hakuho-maru misc Philippine Sea misc VPREX2012 misc AMY2007-2012 Cold surge event observed by radiosonde observation from the research vessel “Hakuho-maru” over the Philippine Sea in December 2012
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topic_title	Cold surge event observed by radiosonde observation from the research vessel “Hakuho-maru” over the Philippine Sea in December 2012 Cold surge (dpeaa)DE-He213 Air-sea interaction (dpeaa)DE-He213 Air mass transformation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Hakuho-maru (dpeaa)DE-He213 Philippine Sea (dpeaa)DE-He213 VPREX2012 (dpeaa)DE-He213 AMY2007-2012 (dpeaa)DE-He213
topic	misc Cold surge misc Air-sea interaction misc Air mass transformation misc Hakuho-maru misc Philippine Sea misc VPREX2012 misc AMY2007-2012
topic_unstemmed	misc Cold surge misc Air-sea interaction misc Air mass transformation misc Hakuho-maru misc Philippine Sea misc VPREX2012 misc AMY2007-2012
topic_browse	misc Cold surge misc Air-sea interaction misc Air mass transformation misc Hakuho-maru misc Philippine Sea misc VPREX2012 misc AMY2007-2012
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title	Cold surge event observed by radiosonde observation from the research vessel “Hakuho-maru” over the Philippine Sea in December 2012
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title_full	Cold surge event observed by radiosonde observation from the research vessel “Hakuho-maru” over the Philippine Sea in December 2012
author_sort	Ogino, Shin-Ya
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author_browse	Ogino, Shin-Ya Wu, Peiming Hattori, Miki Endo, Nobuhiko Kubota, Hisayuki Inoue, Tomoshige Matsumoto, Jun
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title_sort	cold surge event observed by radiosonde observation from the research vessel “hakuho-maru” over the philippine sea in december 2012
title_auth	Cold surge event observed by radiosonde observation from the research vessel “Hakuho-maru” over the Philippine Sea in December 2012
abstract	Abstract The thermal energy transfer from the sea surface to the atmosphere associated with a cold surge event was investigated with observations from radiosondes on the research vessel “Hakuho-maru” over the Philippine Sea in December 2012. These observations were analyzed, and the results were compared with those obtained from observations over the East China Sea in the Air Mass Transformation Experiment in 1974 (AMTEX ‘74). The horizontal advection of cold and dry air associated with the cold surge dominated at heights below 850 hPa. In spite of this strong advection, the local temporal variations in the temperature and moisture were small, because the advection was balanced by the transfer of heat and moisture from the sea surface, which is qualitatively the same behavior as observed during the cold surge event in AMTEX ‘74. The eddy transport of the total heat energy from the sea surface to the atmosphere was estimated at about 410 W/$ m^{2} $, which is about half of the maximum value of 780 W/$ m^{2} $ observed during AMTEX ‘74. This result shows the existence of considerable heat transfer from the sea surface to the atmosphere over the Philippine Sea, which is the downstream region of the cold surge, after it passed through the East China Sea. © The Author(s) 2018
abstractGer	Abstract The thermal energy transfer from the sea surface to the atmosphere associated with a cold surge event was investigated with observations from radiosondes on the research vessel “Hakuho-maru” over the Philippine Sea in December 2012. These observations were analyzed, and the results were compared with those obtained from observations over the East China Sea in the Air Mass Transformation Experiment in 1974 (AMTEX ‘74). The horizontal advection of cold and dry air associated with the cold surge dominated at heights below 850 hPa. In spite of this strong advection, the local temporal variations in the temperature and moisture were small, because the advection was balanced by the transfer of heat and moisture from the sea surface, which is qualitatively the same behavior as observed during the cold surge event in AMTEX ‘74. The eddy transport of the total heat energy from the sea surface to the atmosphere was estimated at about 410 W/$ m^{2} $, which is about half of the maximum value of 780 W/$ m^{2} $ observed during AMTEX ‘74. This result shows the existence of considerable heat transfer from the sea surface to the atmosphere over the Philippine Sea, which is the downstream region of the cold surge, after it passed through the East China Sea. © The Author(s) 2018
abstract_unstemmed	Abstract The thermal energy transfer from the sea surface to the atmosphere associated with a cold surge event was investigated with observations from radiosondes on the research vessel “Hakuho-maru” over the Philippine Sea in December 2012. These observations were analyzed, and the results were compared with those obtained from observations over the East China Sea in the Air Mass Transformation Experiment in 1974 (AMTEX ‘74). The horizontal advection of cold and dry air associated with the cold surge dominated at heights below 850 hPa. In spite of this strong advection, the local temporal variations in the temperature and moisture were small, because the advection was balanced by the transfer of heat and moisture from the sea surface, which is qualitatively the same behavior as observed during the cold surge event in AMTEX ‘74. The eddy transport of the total heat energy from the sea surface to the atmosphere was estimated at about 410 W/$ m^{2} $, which is about half of the maximum value of 780 W/$ m^{2} $ observed during AMTEX ‘74. This result shows the existence of considerable heat transfer from the sea surface to the atmosphere over the Philippine Sea, which is the downstream region of the cold surge, after it passed through the East China Sea. © The Author(s) 2018
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title_short	Cold surge event observed by radiosonde observation from the research vessel “Hakuho-maru” over the Philippine Sea in December 2012
url	https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40645-017-0163-4
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author2	Wu, Peiming Hattori, Miki Endo, Nobuhiko Kubota, Hisayuki Inoue, Tomoshige Matsumoto, Jun
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up_date	2024-07-03T21:10:26.337Z
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These observations were analyzed, and the results were compared with those obtained from observations over the East China Sea in the Air Mass Transformation Experiment in 1974 (AMTEX ‘74). The horizontal advection of cold and dry air associated with the cold surge dominated at heights below 850 hPa. In spite of this strong advection, the local temporal variations in the temperature and moisture were small, because the advection was balanced by the transfer of heat and moisture from the sea surface, which is qualitatively the same behavior as observed during the cold surge event in AMTEX ‘74. The eddy transport of the total heat energy from the sea surface to the atmosphere was estimated at about 410 W/$ m^{2} $, which is about half of the maximum value of 780 W/$ m^{2} $ observed during AMTEX ‘74. 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Cold surge event observed by radiosonde observation from the research vessel “Hakuho-maru” over the Philippine Sea in December 2012

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