Seismic strengthening of buildings and seismic instrumentation — Two priorities for seismic risk reduction in Romania
Abstract According to the number of people lost in earthquakes during 20th century as well as in a single (March 4, 1977) earthquake during this century (1574 people, including 1424 in Bucharest), Romania can be ranked the 3rd country in Europe, after Italy and Turkey. Romania is followed by the for...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Lungu, D. [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2004 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Anmerkung: |
© Akadémiai Kiadó 2004 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Acta geodaetica et geophysica Hungarica - Budapest : Akad. Kiadó, 1997, 39(2004), 2-3 vom: Mai, Seite 233-258 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:39 ; year:2004 ; number:2-3 ; month:05 ; pages:233-258 |
| Links: |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1556/AGeod.39.2004.2-3.8 |
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| Katalog-ID: |
SPR037145029 |
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| 520 | |a Abstract According to the number of people lost in earthquakes during 20th century as well as in a single (March 4, 1977) earthquake during this century (1574 people, including 1424 in Bucharest), Romania can be ranked the 3rd country in Europe, after Italy and Turkey. Romania is followed by the former Yugoslavia and by the Greece (Bolt 1995, Coburn and Spence 1992). The World Bank loss estimation after the 1977 earthquake (Report No. P-2240-RO, 1978) indicates that from the total loss (2.05 Billion US $) more than 2/3 was in Bucharest, where 32 tall buildings collapsed. Half of the total loss was accumulated from buildings damage. The 1977 direct loss and indirect consequences of loss mark probably the starting point of economical decay of Romania during the next decade. They also explain the present concern of civil engineers and Romanian Government for assessment and reduction of seismic risk in Romania. The World Map of Natural Hazards prepared by the Münich Re (1998) indicates for Bucharest: “Large city with Mexico-city effect”. The map focuses the dangerous phenomenon of long (1.6 s) predominant period of soil vibration in Bucharest during strong Carpathians Vrancea earthquakes. The Bucharest and Lisbon are the only two European cities falling into Mexico-city category. International experts and organizations agreed that Bucharest is the capital city in Europe characterised by the highest seismic risk. The paper presents: Codes and standards for design of earthquake resistance of structures (1940–2000) and the draft of the new seismic Romanian code P100The structure of existing building stock in BucharestThe most vulnerable to earthquake categories of buildings, located on the soft soil condition of Bucharest tall reinforced concrete buildings in central Bucharest built prior to 1940 and severely damaged by the past 1977 eventtall reinforced concrete buildings with soft ground-floor built in Bucharest prior to 1977. Hospitals buildings, university buildings and other buildings, classified as having a high risk of severe damage/collapse in case of a strong earthquakeEnlargement of the existing seismic networks of Romania by two recent projects of INCERC and State Inspectorate for Construction and of NCERR and Japan International Cooperation Agency. In the last 6 months in Romania, the two projects provided about 50 (18 in Bucharest) digital Kinemetrics instruments (K2 and ETNA): in free field condition, in deep boreholes as well as in tall buildings. | ||
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| 700 | 1 | |a Aldea, A. |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Demetriu, S. |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Craifaleanu, I. |4 aut | |
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10.1556/AGeod.39.2004.2-3.8 doi (DE-627)SPR037145029 (SPR)AGeod.39.2004.2-3.8-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Lungu, D. verfasserin aut Seismic strengthening of buildings and seismic instrumentation — Two priorities for seismic risk reduction in Romania 2004 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Akadémiai Kiadó 2004 Abstract According to the number of people lost in earthquakes during 20th century as well as in a single (March 4, 1977) earthquake during this century (1574 people, including 1424 in Bucharest), Romania can be ranked the 3rd country in Europe, after Italy and Turkey. Romania is followed by the former Yugoslavia and by the Greece (Bolt 1995, Coburn and Spence 1992). The World Bank loss estimation after the 1977 earthquake (Report No. P-2240-RO, 1978) indicates that from the total loss (2.05 Billion US $) more than 2/3 was in Bucharest, where 32 tall buildings collapsed. Half of the total loss was accumulated from buildings damage. The 1977 direct loss and indirect consequences of loss mark probably the starting point of economical decay of Romania during the next decade. They also explain the present concern of civil engineers and Romanian Government for assessment and reduction of seismic risk in Romania. The World Map of Natural Hazards prepared by the Münich Re (1998) indicates for Bucharest: “Large city with Mexico-city effect”. The map focuses the dangerous phenomenon of long (1.6 s) predominant period of soil vibration in Bucharest during strong Carpathians Vrancea earthquakes. The Bucharest and Lisbon are the only two European cities falling into Mexico-city category. International experts and organizations agreed that Bucharest is the capital city in Europe characterised by the highest seismic risk. The paper presents: Codes and standards for design of earthquake resistance of structures (1940–2000) and the draft of the new seismic Romanian code P100The structure of existing building stock in BucharestThe most vulnerable to earthquake categories of buildings, located on the soft soil condition of Bucharest tall reinforced concrete buildings in central Bucharest built prior to 1940 and severely damaged by the past 1977 eventtall reinforced concrete buildings with soft ground-floor built in Bucharest prior to 1977. Hospitals buildings, university buildings and other buildings, classified as having a high risk of severe damage/collapse in case of a strong earthquakeEnlargement of the existing seismic networks of Romania by two recent projects of INCERC and State Inspectorate for Construction and of NCERR and Japan International Cooperation Agency. In the last 6 months in Romania, the two projects provided about 50 (18 in Bucharest) digital Kinemetrics instruments (K2 and ETNA): in free field condition, in deep boreholes as well as in tall buildings. design codes (dpeaa)DE-He213 design standards (dpeaa)DE-He213 seismic networks in Romania (dpeaa)DE-He213 seismic vulnerability categories (dpeaa)DE-He213 tall reinforced concrete buildings (dpeaa)DE-He213 Aldea, A. aut Demetriu, S. aut Craifaleanu, I. aut Enthalten in Acta geodaetica et geophysica Hungarica Budapest : Akad. Kiadó, 1997 39(2004), 2-3 vom: Mai, Seite 233-258 (DE-627)364470852 (DE-600)2110468-2 1587-1037 nnns volume:39 year:2004 number:2-3 month:05 pages:233-258 https://dx.doi.org/10.1556/AGeod.39.2004.2-3.8 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_266 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2070 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 39 2004 2-3 05 233-258 |
| spelling |
10.1556/AGeod.39.2004.2-3.8 doi (DE-627)SPR037145029 (SPR)AGeod.39.2004.2-3.8-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Lungu, D. verfasserin aut Seismic strengthening of buildings and seismic instrumentation — Two priorities for seismic risk reduction in Romania 2004 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Akadémiai Kiadó 2004 Abstract According to the number of people lost in earthquakes during 20th century as well as in a single (March 4, 1977) earthquake during this century (1574 people, including 1424 in Bucharest), Romania can be ranked the 3rd country in Europe, after Italy and Turkey. Romania is followed by the former Yugoslavia and by the Greece (Bolt 1995, Coburn and Spence 1992). The World Bank loss estimation after the 1977 earthquake (Report No. P-2240-RO, 1978) indicates that from the total loss (2.05 Billion US $) more than 2/3 was in Bucharest, where 32 tall buildings collapsed. Half of the total loss was accumulated from buildings damage. The 1977 direct loss and indirect consequences of loss mark probably the starting point of economical decay of Romania during the next decade. They also explain the present concern of civil engineers and Romanian Government for assessment and reduction of seismic risk in Romania. The World Map of Natural Hazards prepared by the Münich Re (1998) indicates for Bucharest: “Large city with Mexico-city effect”. The map focuses the dangerous phenomenon of long (1.6 s) predominant period of soil vibration in Bucharest during strong Carpathians Vrancea earthquakes. The Bucharest and Lisbon are the only two European cities falling into Mexico-city category. International experts and organizations agreed that Bucharest is the capital city in Europe characterised by the highest seismic risk. The paper presents: Codes and standards for design of earthquake resistance of structures (1940–2000) and the draft of the new seismic Romanian code P100The structure of existing building stock in BucharestThe most vulnerable to earthquake categories of buildings, located on the soft soil condition of Bucharest tall reinforced concrete buildings in central Bucharest built prior to 1940 and severely damaged by the past 1977 eventtall reinforced concrete buildings with soft ground-floor built in Bucharest prior to 1977. Hospitals buildings, university buildings and other buildings, classified as having a high risk of severe damage/collapse in case of a strong earthquakeEnlargement of the existing seismic networks of Romania by two recent projects of INCERC and State Inspectorate for Construction and of NCERR and Japan International Cooperation Agency. In the last 6 months in Romania, the two projects provided about 50 (18 in Bucharest) digital Kinemetrics instruments (K2 and ETNA): in free field condition, in deep boreholes as well as in tall buildings. design codes (dpeaa)DE-He213 design standards (dpeaa)DE-He213 seismic networks in Romania (dpeaa)DE-He213 seismic vulnerability categories (dpeaa)DE-He213 tall reinforced concrete buildings (dpeaa)DE-He213 Aldea, A. aut Demetriu, S. aut Craifaleanu, I. aut Enthalten in Acta geodaetica et geophysica Hungarica Budapest : Akad. Kiadó, 1997 39(2004), 2-3 vom: Mai, Seite 233-258 (DE-627)364470852 (DE-600)2110468-2 1587-1037 nnns volume:39 year:2004 number:2-3 month:05 pages:233-258 https://dx.doi.org/10.1556/AGeod.39.2004.2-3.8 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_266 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2070 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 39 2004 2-3 05 233-258 |
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10.1556/AGeod.39.2004.2-3.8 doi (DE-627)SPR037145029 (SPR)AGeod.39.2004.2-3.8-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Lungu, D. verfasserin aut Seismic strengthening of buildings and seismic instrumentation — Two priorities for seismic risk reduction in Romania 2004 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Akadémiai Kiadó 2004 Abstract According to the number of people lost in earthquakes during 20th century as well as in a single (March 4, 1977) earthquake during this century (1574 people, including 1424 in Bucharest), Romania can be ranked the 3rd country in Europe, after Italy and Turkey. Romania is followed by the former Yugoslavia and by the Greece (Bolt 1995, Coburn and Spence 1992). The World Bank loss estimation after the 1977 earthquake (Report No. P-2240-RO, 1978) indicates that from the total loss (2.05 Billion US $) more than 2/3 was in Bucharest, where 32 tall buildings collapsed. Half of the total loss was accumulated from buildings damage. The 1977 direct loss and indirect consequences of loss mark probably the starting point of economical decay of Romania during the next decade. They also explain the present concern of civil engineers and Romanian Government for assessment and reduction of seismic risk in Romania. The World Map of Natural Hazards prepared by the Münich Re (1998) indicates for Bucharest: “Large city with Mexico-city effect”. The map focuses the dangerous phenomenon of long (1.6 s) predominant period of soil vibration in Bucharest during strong Carpathians Vrancea earthquakes. The Bucharest and Lisbon are the only two European cities falling into Mexico-city category. International experts and organizations agreed that Bucharest is the capital city in Europe characterised by the highest seismic risk. The paper presents: Codes and standards for design of earthquake resistance of structures (1940–2000) and the draft of the new seismic Romanian code P100The structure of existing building stock in BucharestThe most vulnerable to earthquake categories of buildings, located on the soft soil condition of Bucharest tall reinforced concrete buildings in central Bucharest built prior to 1940 and severely damaged by the past 1977 eventtall reinforced concrete buildings with soft ground-floor built in Bucharest prior to 1977. Hospitals buildings, university buildings and other buildings, classified as having a high risk of severe damage/collapse in case of a strong earthquakeEnlargement of the existing seismic networks of Romania by two recent projects of INCERC and State Inspectorate for Construction and of NCERR and Japan International Cooperation Agency. In the last 6 months in Romania, the two projects provided about 50 (18 in Bucharest) digital Kinemetrics instruments (K2 and ETNA): in free field condition, in deep boreholes as well as in tall buildings. design codes (dpeaa)DE-He213 design standards (dpeaa)DE-He213 seismic networks in Romania (dpeaa)DE-He213 seismic vulnerability categories (dpeaa)DE-He213 tall reinforced concrete buildings (dpeaa)DE-He213 Aldea, A. aut Demetriu, S. aut Craifaleanu, I. aut Enthalten in Acta geodaetica et geophysica Hungarica Budapest : Akad. Kiadó, 1997 39(2004), 2-3 vom: Mai, Seite 233-258 (DE-627)364470852 (DE-600)2110468-2 1587-1037 nnns volume:39 year:2004 number:2-3 month:05 pages:233-258 https://dx.doi.org/10.1556/AGeod.39.2004.2-3.8 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_266 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2070 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 39 2004 2-3 05 233-258 |
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10.1556/AGeod.39.2004.2-3.8 doi (DE-627)SPR037145029 (SPR)AGeod.39.2004.2-3.8-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Lungu, D. verfasserin aut Seismic strengthening of buildings and seismic instrumentation — Two priorities for seismic risk reduction in Romania 2004 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Akadémiai Kiadó 2004 Abstract According to the number of people lost in earthquakes during 20th century as well as in a single (March 4, 1977) earthquake during this century (1574 people, including 1424 in Bucharest), Romania can be ranked the 3rd country in Europe, after Italy and Turkey. Romania is followed by the former Yugoslavia and by the Greece (Bolt 1995, Coburn and Spence 1992). The World Bank loss estimation after the 1977 earthquake (Report No. P-2240-RO, 1978) indicates that from the total loss (2.05 Billion US $) more than 2/3 was in Bucharest, where 32 tall buildings collapsed. Half of the total loss was accumulated from buildings damage. The 1977 direct loss and indirect consequences of loss mark probably the starting point of economical decay of Romania during the next decade. They also explain the present concern of civil engineers and Romanian Government for assessment and reduction of seismic risk in Romania. The World Map of Natural Hazards prepared by the Münich Re (1998) indicates for Bucharest: “Large city with Mexico-city effect”. The map focuses the dangerous phenomenon of long (1.6 s) predominant period of soil vibration in Bucharest during strong Carpathians Vrancea earthquakes. The Bucharest and Lisbon are the only two European cities falling into Mexico-city category. International experts and organizations agreed that Bucharest is the capital city in Europe characterised by the highest seismic risk. The paper presents: Codes and standards for design of earthquake resistance of structures (1940–2000) and the draft of the new seismic Romanian code P100The structure of existing building stock in BucharestThe most vulnerable to earthquake categories of buildings, located on the soft soil condition of Bucharest tall reinforced concrete buildings in central Bucharest built prior to 1940 and severely damaged by the past 1977 eventtall reinforced concrete buildings with soft ground-floor built in Bucharest prior to 1977. Hospitals buildings, university buildings and other buildings, classified as having a high risk of severe damage/collapse in case of a strong earthquakeEnlargement of the existing seismic networks of Romania by two recent projects of INCERC and State Inspectorate for Construction and of NCERR and Japan International Cooperation Agency. In the last 6 months in Romania, the two projects provided about 50 (18 in Bucharest) digital Kinemetrics instruments (K2 and ETNA): in free field condition, in deep boreholes as well as in tall buildings. design codes (dpeaa)DE-He213 design standards (dpeaa)DE-He213 seismic networks in Romania (dpeaa)DE-He213 seismic vulnerability categories (dpeaa)DE-He213 tall reinforced concrete buildings (dpeaa)DE-He213 Aldea, A. aut Demetriu, S. aut Craifaleanu, I. aut Enthalten in Acta geodaetica et geophysica Hungarica Budapest : Akad. Kiadó, 1997 39(2004), 2-3 vom: Mai, Seite 233-258 (DE-627)364470852 (DE-600)2110468-2 1587-1037 nnns volume:39 year:2004 number:2-3 month:05 pages:233-258 https://dx.doi.org/10.1556/AGeod.39.2004.2-3.8 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_266 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2070 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 39 2004 2-3 05 233-258 |
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10.1556/AGeod.39.2004.2-3.8 doi (DE-627)SPR037145029 (SPR)AGeod.39.2004.2-3.8-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Lungu, D. verfasserin aut Seismic strengthening of buildings and seismic instrumentation — Two priorities for seismic risk reduction in Romania 2004 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Akadémiai Kiadó 2004 Abstract According to the number of people lost in earthquakes during 20th century as well as in a single (March 4, 1977) earthquake during this century (1574 people, including 1424 in Bucharest), Romania can be ranked the 3rd country in Europe, after Italy and Turkey. Romania is followed by the former Yugoslavia and by the Greece (Bolt 1995, Coburn and Spence 1992). The World Bank loss estimation after the 1977 earthquake (Report No. P-2240-RO, 1978) indicates that from the total loss (2.05 Billion US $) more than 2/3 was in Bucharest, where 32 tall buildings collapsed. Half of the total loss was accumulated from buildings damage. The 1977 direct loss and indirect consequences of loss mark probably the starting point of economical decay of Romania during the next decade. They also explain the present concern of civil engineers and Romanian Government for assessment and reduction of seismic risk in Romania. The World Map of Natural Hazards prepared by the Münich Re (1998) indicates for Bucharest: “Large city with Mexico-city effect”. The map focuses the dangerous phenomenon of long (1.6 s) predominant period of soil vibration in Bucharest during strong Carpathians Vrancea earthquakes. The Bucharest and Lisbon are the only two European cities falling into Mexico-city category. International experts and organizations agreed that Bucharest is the capital city in Europe characterised by the highest seismic risk. The paper presents: Codes and standards for design of earthquake resistance of structures (1940–2000) and the draft of the new seismic Romanian code P100The structure of existing building stock in BucharestThe most vulnerable to earthquake categories of buildings, located on the soft soil condition of Bucharest tall reinforced concrete buildings in central Bucharest built prior to 1940 and severely damaged by the past 1977 eventtall reinforced concrete buildings with soft ground-floor built in Bucharest prior to 1977. Hospitals buildings, university buildings and other buildings, classified as having a high risk of severe damage/collapse in case of a strong earthquakeEnlargement of the existing seismic networks of Romania by two recent projects of INCERC and State Inspectorate for Construction and of NCERR and Japan International Cooperation Agency. In the last 6 months in Romania, the two projects provided about 50 (18 in Bucharest) digital Kinemetrics instruments (K2 and ETNA): in free field condition, in deep boreholes as well as in tall buildings. design codes (dpeaa)DE-He213 design standards (dpeaa)DE-He213 seismic networks in Romania (dpeaa)DE-He213 seismic vulnerability categories (dpeaa)DE-He213 tall reinforced concrete buildings (dpeaa)DE-He213 Aldea, A. aut Demetriu, S. aut Craifaleanu, I. aut Enthalten in Acta geodaetica et geophysica Hungarica Budapest : Akad. Kiadó, 1997 39(2004), 2-3 vom: Mai, Seite 233-258 (DE-627)364470852 (DE-600)2110468-2 1587-1037 nnns volume:39 year:2004 number:2-3 month:05 pages:233-258 https://dx.doi.org/10.1556/AGeod.39.2004.2-3.8 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_266 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2070 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 39 2004 2-3 05 233-258 |
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Romania is followed by the former Yugoslavia and by the Greece (Bolt 1995, Coburn and Spence 1992). The World Bank loss estimation after the 1977 earthquake (Report No. P-2240-RO, 1978) indicates that from the total loss (2.05 Billion US $) more than 2/3 was in Bucharest, where 32 tall buildings collapsed. Half of the total loss was accumulated from buildings damage. The 1977 direct loss and indirect consequences of loss mark probably the starting point of economical decay of Romania during the next decade. They also explain the present concern of civil engineers and Romanian Government for assessment and reduction of seismic risk in Romania. The World Map of Natural Hazards prepared by the Münich Re (1998) indicates for Bucharest: “Large city with Mexico-city effect”. The map focuses the dangerous phenomenon of long (1.6 s) predominant period of soil vibration in Bucharest during strong Carpathians Vrancea earthquakes. The Bucharest and Lisbon are the only two European cities falling into Mexico-city category. International experts and organizations agreed that Bucharest is the capital city in Europe characterised by the highest seismic risk. The paper presents: Codes and standards for design of earthquake resistance of structures (1940–2000) and the draft of the new seismic Romanian code P100The structure of existing building stock in BucharestThe most vulnerable to earthquake categories of buildings, located on the soft soil condition of Bucharest tall reinforced concrete buildings in central Bucharest built prior to 1940 and severely damaged by the past 1977 eventtall reinforced concrete buildings with soft ground-floor built in Bucharest prior to 1977. Hospitals buildings, university buildings and other buildings, classified as having a high risk of severe damage/collapse in case of a strong earthquakeEnlargement of the existing seismic networks of Romania by two recent projects of INCERC and State Inspectorate for Construction and of NCERR and Japan International Cooperation Agency. In the last 6 months in Romania, the two projects provided about 50 (18 in Bucharest) digital Kinemetrics instruments (K2 and ETNA): in free field condition, in deep boreholes as well as in tall buildings.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">design codes</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">design standards</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">seismic networks in Romania</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">seismic vulnerability categories</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">tall reinforced concrete buildings</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Aldea, A.</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Demetriu, S.</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Craifaleanu, I.</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Enthalten in</subfield><subfield code="t">Acta geodaetica et geophysica Hungarica</subfield><subfield code="d">Budapest : Akad. 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Seismic strengthening of buildings and seismic instrumentation — Two priorities for seismic risk reduction in Romania design codes (dpeaa)DE-He213 design standards (dpeaa)DE-He213 seismic networks in Romania (dpeaa)DE-He213 seismic vulnerability categories (dpeaa)DE-He213 tall reinforced concrete buildings (dpeaa)DE-He213 |
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seismic strengthening of buildings and seismic instrumentation — two priorities for seismic risk reduction in romania |
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Seismic strengthening of buildings and seismic instrumentation — Two priorities for seismic risk reduction in Romania |
| abstract |
Abstract According to the number of people lost in earthquakes during 20th century as well as in a single (March 4, 1977) earthquake during this century (1574 people, including 1424 in Bucharest), Romania can be ranked the 3rd country in Europe, after Italy and Turkey. Romania is followed by the former Yugoslavia and by the Greece (Bolt 1995, Coburn and Spence 1992). The World Bank loss estimation after the 1977 earthquake (Report No. P-2240-RO, 1978) indicates that from the total loss (2.05 Billion US $) more than 2/3 was in Bucharest, where 32 tall buildings collapsed. Half of the total loss was accumulated from buildings damage. The 1977 direct loss and indirect consequences of loss mark probably the starting point of economical decay of Romania during the next decade. They also explain the present concern of civil engineers and Romanian Government for assessment and reduction of seismic risk in Romania. The World Map of Natural Hazards prepared by the Münich Re (1998) indicates for Bucharest: “Large city with Mexico-city effect”. The map focuses the dangerous phenomenon of long (1.6 s) predominant period of soil vibration in Bucharest during strong Carpathians Vrancea earthquakes. The Bucharest and Lisbon are the only two European cities falling into Mexico-city category. International experts and organizations agreed that Bucharest is the capital city in Europe characterised by the highest seismic risk. The paper presents: Codes and standards for design of earthquake resistance of structures (1940–2000) and the draft of the new seismic Romanian code P100The structure of existing building stock in BucharestThe most vulnerable to earthquake categories of buildings, located on the soft soil condition of Bucharest tall reinforced concrete buildings in central Bucharest built prior to 1940 and severely damaged by the past 1977 eventtall reinforced concrete buildings with soft ground-floor built in Bucharest prior to 1977. Hospitals buildings, university buildings and other buildings, classified as having a high risk of severe damage/collapse in case of a strong earthquakeEnlargement of the existing seismic networks of Romania by two recent projects of INCERC and State Inspectorate for Construction and of NCERR and Japan International Cooperation Agency. In the last 6 months in Romania, the two projects provided about 50 (18 in Bucharest) digital Kinemetrics instruments (K2 and ETNA): in free field condition, in deep boreholes as well as in tall buildings. © Akadémiai Kiadó 2004 |
| abstractGer |
Abstract According to the number of people lost in earthquakes during 20th century as well as in a single (March 4, 1977) earthquake during this century (1574 people, including 1424 in Bucharest), Romania can be ranked the 3rd country in Europe, after Italy and Turkey. Romania is followed by the former Yugoslavia and by the Greece (Bolt 1995, Coburn and Spence 1992). The World Bank loss estimation after the 1977 earthquake (Report No. P-2240-RO, 1978) indicates that from the total loss (2.05 Billion US $) more than 2/3 was in Bucharest, where 32 tall buildings collapsed. Half of the total loss was accumulated from buildings damage. The 1977 direct loss and indirect consequences of loss mark probably the starting point of economical decay of Romania during the next decade. They also explain the present concern of civil engineers and Romanian Government for assessment and reduction of seismic risk in Romania. The World Map of Natural Hazards prepared by the Münich Re (1998) indicates for Bucharest: “Large city with Mexico-city effect”. The map focuses the dangerous phenomenon of long (1.6 s) predominant period of soil vibration in Bucharest during strong Carpathians Vrancea earthquakes. The Bucharest and Lisbon are the only two European cities falling into Mexico-city category. International experts and organizations agreed that Bucharest is the capital city in Europe characterised by the highest seismic risk. The paper presents: Codes and standards for design of earthquake resistance of structures (1940–2000) and the draft of the new seismic Romanian code P100The structure of existing building stock in BucharestThe most vulnerable to earthquake categories of buildings, located on the soft soil condition of Bucharest tall reinforced concrete buildings in central Bucharest built prior to 1940 and severely damaged by the past 1977 eventtall reinforced concrete buildings with soft ground-floor built in Bucharest prior to 1977. Hospitals buildings, university buildings and other buildings, classified as having a high risk of severe damage/collapse in case of a strong earthquakeEnlargement of the existing seismic networks of Romania by two recent projects of INCERC and State Inspectorate for Construction and of NCERR and Japan International Cooperation Agency. In the last 6 months in Romania, the two projects provided about 50 (18 in Bucharest) digital Kinemetrics instruments (K2 and ETNA): in free field condition, in deep boreholes as well as in tall buildings. © Akadémiai Kiadó 2004 |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Abstract According to the number of people lost in earthquakes during 20th century as well as in a single (March 4, 1977) earthquake during this century (1574 people, including 1424 in Bucharest), Romania can be ranked the 3rd country in Europe, after Italy and Turkey. Romania is followed by the former Yugoslavia and by the Greece (Bolt 1995, Coburn and Spence 1992). The World Bank loss estimation after the 1977 earthquake (Report No. P-2240-RO, 1978) indicates that from the total loss (2.05 Billion US $) more than 2/3 was in Bucharest, where 32 tall buildings collapsed. Half of the total loss was accumulated from buildings damage. The 1977 direct loss and indirect consequences of loss mark probably the starting point of economical decay of Romania during the next decade. They also explain the present concern of civil engineers and Romanian Government for assessment and reduction of seismic risk in Romania. The World Map of Natural Hazards prepared by the Münich Re (1998) indicates for Bucharest: “Large city with Mexico-city effect”. The map focuses the dangerous phenomenon of long (1.6 s) predominant period of soil vibration in Bucharest during strong Carpathians Vrancea earthquakes. The Bucharest and Lisbon are the only two European cities falling into Mexico-city category. International experts and organizations agreed that Bucharest is the capital city in Europe characterised by the highest seismic risk. The paper presents: Codes and standards for design of earthquake resistance of structures (1940–2000) and the draft of the new seismic Romanian code P100The structure of existing building stock in BucharestThe most vulnerable to earthquake categories of buildings, located on the soft soil condition of Bucharest tall reinforced concrete buildings in central Bucharest built prior to 1940 and severely damaged by the past 1977 eventtall reinforced concrete buildings with soft ground-floor built in Bucharest prior to 1977. Hospitals buildings, university buildings and other buildings, classified as having a high risk of severe damage/collapse in case of a strong earthquakeEnlargement of the existing seismic networks of Romania by two recent projects of INCERC and State Inspectorate for Construction and of NCERR and Japan International Cooperation Agency. In the last 6 months in Romania, the two projects provided about 50 (18 in Bucharest) digital Kinemetrics instruments (K2 and ETNA): in free field condition, in deep boreholes as well as in tall buildings. © Akadémiai Kiadó 2004 |
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| title_short |
Seismic strengthening of buildings and seismic instrumentation — Two priorities for seismic risk reduction in Romania |
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https://dx.doi.org/10.1556/AGeod.39.2004.2-3.8 |
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Aldea, A. Demetriu, S. Craifaleanu, I. |
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| score |
7.3978653 |