Sexual, ontogenetic, and geographic variation of the Neotropical freshwater ostracod Cytheridella ilosvayi

Background The Neotropics are considered to represent one of the most biologically diverse areas on Earth. Nonetheless, many species are assumed to have widespread distributions and occur in the entire Neotropical range. However, many freshwater invertebrates such as ostracods challenge this contradiction since they live in discrete habitats and possess no active dispersal abilities. The freshwater ostracod Cytheridella is a prime example for this paradigm. From three extant species, only one is described to occur ubiquitously within the Neotropics. Examination of morphological variability is the prerequisite for identification of environmentally induced variations, estimation of inter- and intraspecific variability, and, ultimately, the distinction of species. This study focuses on the quantitative investigations of the appendages of Cytheridella from several living populations sampled in Florida, Mexico, Colombia, and Brazil. Results The morphological traits including podomere ratios and limb-limb ratios, showed that the largest variability occurs at the antennae, and proved a geographical structure. Soft parts reflect the morphological divergence of regional Cytheridella priorly demonstrated by valves shape variability. Additionally, allometric coefficients, limb dimensions and body proportions revealed sexual and female biased size dimorphism. Large variability ranges of A-1 juveniles with reproductive anlagen could be the result of temporary deformations due to imminent moulting. Conclusion The geographical structure in the morphological variability allows the conjecture how widespread (freshwater invertebrate) species in the Neotropics may have arisen. Passive dispersal via e.g., birds can constitute the maximum ranges of species. If a population has adapted to local ecological conditions and may have occupied all available niches it may impede colonisation through (occasionally) other species. Relatively recent speciation(s) could explain why morphological divergence is not recognizable in qualitative investigations. Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Wrozyna, Claudia [verfasserIn] Meyer, Juliane Gross, Martin Ramos, Maria Ines F. Piller, Werner E.

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2019

Schlagwörter:	Neotropics Ostracoda Widespread species Morphological variability

Anmerkung:	© The Author(s) 2019

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: BMC zoology - [LOndon] : BioMed Central, 2015, 4(2019), 1 vom: 24. Mai
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:4 ; year:2019 ; number:1 ; day:24 ; month:05

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1186/s40850-019-0042-0

Katalog-ID:	SPR037927299

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520			\|a Background The Neotropics are considered to represent one of the most biologically diverse areas on Earth. Nonetheless, many species are assumed to have widespread distributions and occur in the entire Neotropical range. However, many freshwater invertebrates such as ostracods challenge this contradiction since they live in discrete habitats and possess no active dispersal abilities. The freshwater ostracod Cytheridella is a prime example for this paradigm. From three extant species, only one is described to occur ubiquitously within the Neotropics. Examination of morphological variability is the prerequisite for identification of environmentally induced variations, estimation of inter- and intraspecific variability, and, ultimately, the distinction of species. This study focuses on the quantitative investigations of the appendages of Cytheridella from several living populations sampled in Florida, Mexico, Colombia, and Brazil. Results The morphological traits including podomere ratios and limb-limb ratios, showed that the largest variability occurs at the antennae, and proved a geographical structure. Soft parts reflect the morphological divergence of regional Cytheridella priorly demonstrated by valves shape variability. Additionally, allometric coefficients, limb dimensions and body proportions revealed sexual and female biased size dimorphism. Large variability ranges of A-1 juveniles with reproductive anlagen could be the result of temporary deformations due to imminent moulting. Conclusion The geographical structure in the morphological variability allows the conjecture how widespread (freshwater invertebrate) species in the Neotropics may have arisen. Passive dispersal via e.g., birds can constitute the maximum ranges of species. If a population has adapted to local ecological conditions and may have occupied all available niches it may impede colonisation through (occasionally) other species. Relatively recent speciation(s) could explain why morphological divergence is not recognizable in qualitative investigations.
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allfields	10.1186/s40850-019-0042-0 doi (DE-627)SPR037927299 (SPR)s40850-019-0042-0-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Wrozyna, Claudia verfasserin (orcid)0000-0003-1416-7058 aut Sexual, ontogenetic, and geographic variation of the Neotropical freshwater ostracod Cytheridella ilosvayi 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2019 Background The Neotropics are considered to represent one of the most biologically diverse areas on Earth. Nonetheless, many species are assumed to have widespread distributions and occur in the entire Neotropical range. However, many freshwater invertebrates such as ostracods challenge this contradiction since they live in discrete habitats and possess no active dispersal abilities. The freshwater ostracod Cytheridella is a prime example for this paradigm. From three extant species, only one is described to occur ubiquitously within the Neotropics. Examination of morphological variability is the prerequisite for identification of environmentally induced variations, estimation of inter- and intraspecific variability, and, ultimately, the distinction of species. This study focuses on the quantitative investigations of the appendages of Cytheridella from several living populations sampled in Florida, Mexico, Colombia, and Brazil. Results The morphological traits including podomere ratios and limb-limb ratios, showed that the largest variability occurs at the antennae, and proved a geographical structure. Soft parts reflect the morphological divergence of regional Cytheridella priorly demonstrated by valves shape variability. Additionally, allometric coefficients, limb dimensions and body proportions revealed sexual and female biased size dimorphism. Large variability ranges of A-1 juveniles with reproductive anlagen could be the result of temporary deformations due to imminent moulting. Conclusion The geographical structure in the morphological variability allows the conjecture how widespread (freshwater invertebrate) species in the Neotropics may have arisen. Passive dispersal via e.g., birds can constitute the maximum ranges of species. If a population has adapted to local ecological conditions and may have occupied all available niches it may impede colonisation through (occasionally) other species. Relatively recent speciation(s) could explain why morphological divergence is not recognizable in qualitative investigations. Neotropics (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ostracoda (dpeaa)DE-He213 Widespread species (dpeaa)DE-He213 Morphological variability (dpeaa)DE-He213 Meyer, Juliane aut Gross, Martin aut Ramos, Maria Ines F. aut Piller, Werner E. aut Enthalten in BMC zoology [LOndon] : BioMed Central, 2015 4(2019), 1 vom: 24. Mai (DE-627)844436143 (DE-600)2843169-8 2056-3132 nnns volume:4 year:2019 number:1 day:24 month:05 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40850-019-0042-0 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 4 2019 1 24 05
spelling	10.1186/s40850-019-0042-0 doi (DE-627)SPR037927299 (SPR)s40850-019-0042-0-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Wrozyna, Claudia verfasserin (orcid)0000-0003-1416-7058 aut Sexual, ontogenetic, and geographic variation of the Neotropical freshwater ostracod Cytheridella ilosvayi 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2019 Background The Neotropics are considered to represent one of the most biologically diverse areas on Earth. Nonetheless, many species are assumed to have widespread distributions and occur in the entire Neotropical range. However, many freshwater invertebrates such as ostracods challenge this contradiction since they live in discrete habitats and possess no active dispersal abilities. The freshwater ostracod Cytheridella is a prime example for this paradigm. From three extant species, only one is described to occur ubiquitously within the Neotropics. Examination of morphological variability is the prerequisite for identification of environmentally induced variations, estimation of inter- and intraspecific variability, and, ultimately, the distinction of species. This study focuses on the quantitative investigations of the appendages of Cytheridella from several living populations sampled in Florida, Mexico, Colombia, and Brazil. Results The morphological traits including podomere ratios and limb-limb ratios, showed that the largest variability occurs at the antennae, and proved a geographical structure. Soft parts reflect the morphological divergence of regional Cytheridella priorly demonstrated by valves shape variability. Additionally, allometric coefficients, limb dimensions and body proportions revealed sexual and female biased size dimorphism. Large variability ranges of A-1 juveniles with reproductive anlagen could be the result of temporary deformations due to imminent moulting. Conclusion The geographical structure in the morphological variability allows the conjecture how widespread (freshwater invertebrate) species in the Neotropics may have arisen. Passive dispersal via e.g., birds can constitute the maximum ranges of species. If a population has adapted to local ecological conditions and may have occupied all available niches it may impede colonisation through (occasionally) other species. Relatively recent speciation(s) could explain why morphological divergence is not recognizable in qualitative investigations. Neotropics (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ostracoda (dpeaa)DE-He213 Widespread species (dpeaa)DE-He213 Morphological variability (dpeaa)DE-He213 Meyer, Juliane aut Gross, Martin aut Ramos, Maria Ines F. aut Piller, Werner E. aut Enthalten in BMC zoology [LOndon] : BioMed Central, 2015 4(2019), 1 vom: 24. Mai (DE-627)844436143 (DE-600)2843169-8 2056-3132 nnns volume:4 year:2019 number:1 day:24 month:05 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40850-019-0042-0 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 4 2019 1 24 05
allfields_unstemmed	10.1186/s40850-019-0042-0 doi (DE-627)SPR037927299 (SPR)s40850-019-0042-0-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Wrozyna, Claudia verfasserin (orcid)0000-0003-1416-7058 aut Sexual, ontogenetic, and geographic variation of the Neotropical freshwater ostracod Cytheridella ilosvayi 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2019 Background The Neotropics are considered to represent one of the most biologically diverse areas on Earth. Nonetheless, many species are assumed to have widespread distributions and occur in the entire Neotropical range. However, many freshwater invertebrates such as ostracods challenge this contradiction since they live in discrete habitats and possess no active dispersal abilities. The freshwater ostracod Cytheridella is a prime example for this paradigm. From three extant species, only one is described to occur ubiquitously within the Neotropics. Examination of morphological variability is the prerequisite for identification of environmentally induced variations, estimation of inter- and intraspecific variability, and, ultimately, the distinction of species. This study focuses on the quantitative investigations of the appendages of Cytheridella from several living populations sampled in Florida, Mexico, Colombia, and Brazil. Results The morphological traits including podomere ratios and limb-limb ratios, showed that the largest variability occurs at the antennae, and proved a geographical structure. Soft parts reflect the morphological divergence of regional Cytheridella priorly demonstrated by valves shape variability. Additionally, allometric coefficients, limb dimensions and body proportions revealed sexual and female biased size dimorphism. Large variability ranges of A-1 juveniles with reproductive anlagen could be the result of temporary deformations due to imminent moulting. Conclusion The geographical structure in the morphological variability allows the conjecture how widespread (freshwater invertebrate) species in the Neotropics may have arisen. Passive dispersal via e.g., birds can constitute the maximum ranges of species. If a population has adapted to local ecological conditions and may have occupied all available niches it may impede colonisation through (occasionally) other species. Relatively recent speciation(s) could explain why morphological divergence is not recognizable in qualitative investigations. Neotropics (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ostracoda (dpeaa)DE-He213 Widespread species (dpeaa)DE-He213 Morphological variability (dpeaa)DE-He213 Meyer, Juliane aut Gross, Martin aut Ramos, Maria Ines F. aut Piller, Werner E. aut Enthalten in BMC zoology [LOndon] : BioMed Central, 2015 4(2019), 1 vom: 24. Mai (DE-627)844436143 (DE-600)2843169-8 2056-3132 nnns volume:4 year:2019 number:1 day:24 month:05 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40850-019-0042-0 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 4 2019 1 24 05
allfieldsGer	10.1186/s40850-019-0042-0 doi (DE-627)SPR037927299 (SPR)s40850-019-0042-0-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Wrozyna, Claudia verfasserin (orcid)0000-0003-1416-7058 aut Sexual, ontogenetic, and geographic variation of the Neotropical freshwater ostracod Cytheridella ilosvayi 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2019 Background The Neotropics are considered to represent one of the most biologically diverse areas on Earth. Nonetheless, many species are assumed to have widespread distributions and occur in the entire Neotropical range. However, many freshwater invertebrates such as ostracods challenge this contradiction since they live in discrete habitats and possess no active dispersal abilities. The freshwater ostracod Cytheridella is a prime example for this paradigm. From three extant species, only one is described to occur ubiquitously within the Neotropics. Examination of morphological variability is the prerequisite for identification of environmentally induced variations, estimation of inter- and intraspecific variability, and, ultimately, the distinction of species. This study focuses on the quantitative investigations of the appendages of Cytheridella from several living populations sampled in Florida, Mexico, Colombia, and Brazil. Results The morphological traits including podomere ratios and limb-limb ratios, showed that the largest variability occurs at the antennae, and proved a geographical structure. Soft parts reflect the morphological divergence of regional Cytheridella priorly demonstrated by valves shape variability. Additionally, allometric coefficients, limb dimensions and body proportions revealed sexual and female biased size dimorphism. Large variability ranges of A-1 juveniles with reproductive anlagen could be the result of temporary deformations due to imminent moulting. Conclusion The geographical structure in the morphological variability allows the conjecture how widespread (freshwater invertebrate) species in the Neotropics may have arisen. Passive dispersal via e.g., birds can constitute the maximum ranges of species. If a population has adapted to local ecological conditions and may have occupied all available niches it may impede colonisation through (occasionally) other species. Relatively recent speciation(s) could explain why morphological divergence is not recognizable in qualitative investigations. Neotropics (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ostracoda (dpeaa)DE-He213 Widespread species (dpeaa)DE-He213 Morphological variability (dpeaa)DE-He213 Meyer, Juliane aut Gross, Martin aut Ramos, Maria Ines F. aut Piller, Werner E. aut Enthalten in BMC zoology [LOndon] : BioMed Central, 2015 4(2019), 1 vom: 24. Mai (DE-627)844436143 (DE-600)2843169-8 2056-3132 nnns volume:4 year:2019 number:1 day:24 month:05 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40850-019-0042-0 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 4 2019 1 24 05
allfieldsSound	10.1186/s40850-019-0042-0 doi (DE-627)SPR037927299 (SPR)s40850-019-0042-0-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Wrozyna, Claudia verfasserin (orcid)0000-0003-1416-7058 aut Sexual, ontogenetic, and geographic variation of the Neotropical freshwater ostracod Cytheridella ilosvayi 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2019 Background The Neotropics are considered to represent one of the most biologically diverse areas on Earth. Nonetheless, many species are assumed to have widespread distributions and occur in the entire Neotropical range. However, many freshwater invertebrates such as ostracods challenge this contradiction since they live in discrete habitats and possess no active dispersal abilities. The freshwater ostracod Cytheridella is a prime example for this paradigm. From three extant species, only one is described to occur ubiquitously within the Neotropics. Examination of morphological variability is the prerequisite for identification of environmentally induced variations, estimation of inter- and intraspecific variability, and, ultimately, the distinction of species. This study focuses on the quantitative investigations of the appendages of Cytheridella from several living populations sampled in Florida, Mexico, Colombia, and Brazil. Results The morphological traits including podomere ratios and limb-limb ratios, showed that the largest variability occurs at the antennae, and proved a geographical structure. Soft parts reflect the morphological divergence of regional Cytheridella priorly demonstrated by valves shape variability. Additionally, allometric coefficients, limb dimensions and body proportions revealed sexual and female biased size dimorphism. Large variability ranges of A-1 juveniles with reproductive anlagen could be the result of temporary deformations due to imminent moulting. Conclusion The geographical structure in the morphological variability allows the conjecture how widespread (freshwater invertebrate) species in the Neotropics may have arisen. Passive dispersal via e.g., birds can constitute the maximum ranges of species. If a population has adapted to local ecological conditions and may have occupied all available niches it may impede colonisation through (occasionally) other species. Relatively recent speciation(s) could explain why morphological divergence is not recognizable in qualitative investigations. Neotropics (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ostracoda (dpeaa)DE-He213 Widespread species (dpeaa)DE-He213 Morphological variability (dpeaa)DE-He213 Meyer, Juliane aut Gross, Martin aut Ramos, Maria Ines F. aut Piller, Werner E. aut Enthalten in BMC zoology [LOndon] : BioMed Central, 2015 4(2019), 1 vom: 24. Mai (DE-627)844436143 (DE-600)2843169-8 2056-3132 nnns volume:4 year:2019 number:1 day:24 month:05 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40850-019-0042-0 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 4 2019 1 24 05
language	English
source	Enthalten in BMC zoology 4(2019), 1 vom: 24. Mai volume:4 year:2019 number:1 day:24 month:05
sourceStr	Enthalten in BMC zoology 4(2019), 1 vom: 24. Mai volume:4 year:2019 number:1 day:24 month:05
format_phy_str_mv	Article
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topic_facet	Neotropics Ostracoda Widespread species Morphological variability
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authorswithroles_txt_mv	Wrozyna, Claudia @@aut@@ Meyer, Juliane @@aut@@ Gross, Martin @@aut@@ Ramos, Maria Ines F. @@aut@@ Piller, Werner E. @@aut@@
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Nonetheless, many species are assumed to have widespread distributions and occur in the entire Neotropical range. However, many freshwater invertebrates such as ostracods challenge this contradiction since they live in discrete habitats and possess no active dispersal abilities. The freshwater ostracod Cytheridella is a prime example for this paradigm. From three extant species, only one is described to occur ubiquitously within the Neotropics. Examination of morphological variability is the prerequisite for identification of environmentally induced variations, estimation of inter- and intraspecific variability, and, ultimately, the distinction of species. This study focuses on the quantitative investigations of the appendages of Cytheridella from several living populations sampled in Florida, Mexico, Colombia, and Brazil. Results The morphological traits including podomere ratios and limb-limb ratios, showed that the largest variability occurs at the antennae, and proved a geographical structure. Soft parts reflect the morphological divergence of regional Cytheridella priorly demonstrated by valves shape variability. Additionally, allometric coefficients, limb dimensions and body proportions revealed sexual and female biased size dimorphism. Large variability ranges of A-1 juveniles with reproductive anlagen could be the result of temporary deformations due to imminent moulting. Conclusion The geographical structure in the morphological variability allows the conjecture how widespread (freshwater invertebrate) species in the Neotropics may have arisen. Passive dispersal via e.g., birds can constitute the maximum ranges of species. If a population has adapted to local ecological conditions and may have occupied all available niches it may impede colonisation through (occasionally) other species. 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author	Wrozyna, Claudia
spellingShingle	Wrozyna, Claudia misc Neotropics misc Ostracoda misc Widespread species misc Morphological variability Sexual, ontogenetic, and geographic variation of the Neotropical freshwater ostracod Cytheridella ilosvayi
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topic_title	Sexual, ontogenetic, and geographic variation of the Neotropical freshwater ostracod Cytheridella ilosvayi Neotropics (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ostracoda (dpeaa)DE-He213 Widespread species (dpeaa)DE-He213 Morphological variability (dpeaa)DE-He213
topic	misc Neotropics misc Ostracoda misc Widespread species misc Morphological variability
topic_unstemmed	misc Neotropics misc Ostracoda misc Widespread species misc Morphological variability
topic_browse	misc Neotropics misc Ostracoda misc Widespread species misc Morphological variability
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title	Sexual, ontogenetic, and geographic variation of the Neotropical freshwater ostracod Cytheridella ilosvayi
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title_full	Sexual, ontogenetic, and geographic variation of the Neotropical freshwater ostracod Cytheridella ilosvayi
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author_browse	Wrozyna, Claudia Meyer, Juliane Gross, Martin Ramos, Maria Ines F. Piller, Werner E.
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title_sort	sexual, ontogenetic, and geographic variation of the neotropical freshwater ostracod cytheridella ilosvayi
title_auth	Sexual, ontogenetic, and geographic variation of the Neotropical freshwater ostracod Cytheridella ilosvayi
abstract	Background The Neotropics are considered to represent one of the most biologically diverse areas on Earth. Nonetheless, many species are assumed to have widespread distributions and occur in the entire Neotropical range. However, many freshwater invertebrates such as ostracods challenge this contradiction since they live in discrete habitats and possess no active dispersal abilities. The freshwater ostracod Cytheridella is a prime example for this paradigm. From three extant species, only one is described to occur ubiquitously within the Neotropics. Examination of morphological variability is the prerequisite for identification of environmentally induced variations, estimation of inter- and intraspecific variability, and, ultimately, the distinction of species. This study focuses on the quantitative investigations of the appendages of Cytheridella from several living populations sampled in Florida, Mexico, Colombia, and Brazil. Results The morphological traits including podomere ratios and limb-limb ratios, showed that the largest variability occurs at the antennae, and proved a geographical structure. Soft parts reflect the morphological divergence of regional Cytheridella priorly demonstrated by valves shape variability. Additionally, allometric coefficients, limb dimensions and body proportions revealed sexual and female biased size dimorphism. Large variability ranges of A-1 juveniles with reproductive anlagen could be the result of temporary deformations due to imminent moulting. Conclusion The geographical structure in the morphological variability allows the conjecture how widespread (freshwater invertebrate) species in the Neotropics may have arisen. Passive dispersal via e.g., birds can constitute the maximum ranges of species. If a population has adapted to local ecological conditions and may have occupied all available niches it may impede colonisation through (occasionally) other species. Relatively recent speciation(s) could explain why morphological divergence is not recognizable in qualitative investigations. © The Author(s) 2019
abstractGer	Background The Neotropics are considered to represent one of the most biologically diverse areas on Earth. Nonetheless, many species are assumed to have widespread distributions and occur in the entire Neotropical range. However, many freshwater invertebrates such as ostracods challenge this contradiction since they live in discrete habitats and possess no active dispersal abilities. The freshwater ostracod Cytheridella is a prime example for this paradigm. From three extant species, only one is described to occur ubiquitously within the Neotropics. Examination of morphological variability is the prerequisite for identification of environmentally induced variations, estimation of inter- and intraspecific variability, and, ultimately, the distinction of species. This study focuses on the quantitative investigations of the appendages of Cytheridella from several living populations sampled in Florida, Mexico, Colombia, and Brazil. Results The morphological traits including podomere ratios and limb-limb ratios, showed that the largest variability occurs at the antennae, and proved a geographical structure. Soft parts reflect the morphological divergence of regional Cytheridella priorly demonstrated by valves shape variability. Additionally, allometric coefficients, limb dimensions and body proportions revealed sexual and female biased size dimorphism. Large variability ranges of A-1 juveniles with reproductive anlagen could be the result of temporary deformations due to imminent moulting. Conclusion The geographical structure in the morphological variability allows the conjecture how widespread (freshwater invertebrate) species in the Neotropics may have arisen. Passive dispersal via e.g., birds can constitute the maximum ranges of species. If a population has adapted to local ecological conditions and may have occupied all available niches it may impede colonisation through (occasionally) other species. Relatively recent speciation(s) could explain why morphological divergence is not recognizable in qualitative investigations. © The Author(s) 2019
abstract_unstemmed	Background The Neotropics are considered to represent one of the most biologically diverse areas on Earth. Nonetheless, many species are assumed to have widespread distributions and occur in the entire Neotropical range. However, many freshwater invertebrates such as ostracods challenge this contradiction since they live in discrete habitats and possess no active dispersal abilities. The freshwater ostracod Cytheridella is a prime example for this paradigm. From three extant species, only one is described to occur ubiquitously within the Neotropics. Examination of morphological variability is the prerequisite for identification of environmentally induced variations, estimation of inter- and intraspecific variability, and, ultimately, the distinction of species. This study focuses on the quantitative investigations of the appendages of Cytheridella from several living populations sampled in Florida, Mexico, Colombia, and Brazil. Results The morphological traits including podomere ratios and limb-limb ratios, showed that the largest variability occurs at the antennae, and proved a geographical structure. Soft parts reflect the morphological divergence of regional Cytheridella priorly demonstrated by valves shape variability. Additionally, allometric coefficients, limb dimensions and body proportions revealed sexual and female biased size dimorphism. Large variability ranges of A-1 juveniles with reproductive anlagen could be the result of temporary deformations due to imminent moulting. Conclusion The geographical structure in the morphological variability allows the conjecture how widespread (freshwater invertebrate) species in the Neotropics may have arisen. Passive dispersal via e.g., birds can constitute the maximum ranges of species. If a population has adapted to local ecological conditions and may have occupied all available niches it may impede colonisation through (occasionally) other species. Relatively recent speciation(s) could explain why morphological divergence is not recognizable in qualitative investigations. © The Author(s) 2019
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title_short	Sexual, ontogenetic, and geographic variation of the Neotropical freshwater ostracod Cytheridella ilosvayi
url	https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40850-019-0042-0
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author2	Meyer, Juliane Gross, Martin Ramos, Maria Ines F. Piller, Werner E.
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Results The morphological traits including podomere ratios and limb-limb ratios, showed that the largest variability occurs at the antennae, and proved a geographical structure. Soft parts reflect the morphological divergence of regional Cytheridella priorly demonstrated by valves shape variability. Additionally, allometric coefficients, limb dimensions and body proportions revealed sexual and female biased size dimorphism. Large variability ranges of A-1 juveniles with reproductive anlagen could be the result of temporary deformations due to imminent moulting. Conclusion The geographical structure in the morphological variability allows the conjecture how widespread (freshwater invertebrate) species in the Neotropics may have arisen. Passive dispersal via e.g., birds can constitute the maximum ranges of species. If a population has adapted to local ecological conditions and may have occupied all available niches it may impede colonisation through (occasionally) other species. 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Sexual, ontogenetic, and geographic variation of the Neotropical freshwater ostracod Cytheridella ilosvayi

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