A Cost Analysis of Haemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis for the Management of End-Stage Renal Failure At an Academic Hospital in Pretoria, South Africa

Background Haemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) are commonly used treatments for the management of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The costs of managing these patients have grown in recent years with increasing rates of non-communicable diseases, which will adversely impact...
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Autor*in:	Makhele, Letlhogonolo [verfasserIn] Matlala, Moliehi Sibanda, Mncengeli Martin, Antony P. Godman, Brian

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2019

Anmerkung:	© The Author(s) 2019. corrected publication 2019

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: PharmacoEconomics - open - [Cham] : Springer International Publishing, 2017, 3(2019), 4 vom: 13. März, Seite 631-641
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:3 ; year:2019 ; number:4 ; day:13 ; month:03 ; pages:631-641

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1007/s41669-019-0124-5

Katalog-ID:	SPR038283042

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520			\|a Background Haemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) are commonly used treatments for the management of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The costs of managing these patients have grown in recent years with increasing rates of non-communicable diseases, which will adversely impact on national health budgets unless addressed. Currently, there is limited knowledge of the costs of ESRD within the public healthcare system in South Africa. Objective The aim of this study was to examine the direct costs of HD and PD in South Africa from a healthcare provider’s perspective. Methods A prospective, observational study was undertaken at a leading public hospital in South Africa. A micro-costing approach was applied to estimate healthcare costs using 46 adult patients with ESRD who had been receiving HD and PD for at least 3 months. Results The highest proportion of patients (35%) were aged 40–50 years. Patients aged 29–39 years were mostly on HD (28% vs. 21% on PD) while those aged 51–59 years mostly used PD (29% vs. 16% on HD). The average age of patients on HD and PD were 41 and 42 years, respectively. Fixed costs were the principal cost driver for HD ($16,231.45) while variable costs were the principal cost driver for PD (US$20,488.79). The annual cost of HD per patient (US$31,993.12) was higher than PD (US$25,282.00 per patient), even though the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.816). Conclusion HD costs more than PD from the provider’s perspective. These cost estimates may be useful for carrying out future cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analyses in South Africa.
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allfields	10.1007/s41669-019-0124-5 doi (DE-627)SPR038283042 (SPR)s41669-019-0124-5-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Makhele, Letlhogonolo verfasserin aut A Cost Analysis of Haemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis for the Management of End-Stage Renal Failure At an Academic Hospital in Pretoria, South Africa 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2019. corrected publication 2019 Background Haemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) are commonly used treatments for the management of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The costs of managing these patients have grown in recent years with increasing rates of non-communicable diseases, which will adversely impact on national health budgets unless addressed. Currently, there is limited knowledge of the costs of ESRD within the public healthcare system in South Africa. Objective The aim of this study was to examine the direct costs of HD and PD in South Africa from a healthcare provider’s perspective. Methods A prospective, observational study was undertaken at a leading public hospital in South Africa. A micro-costing approach was applied to estimate healthcare costs using 46 adult patients with ESRD who had been receiving HD and PD for at least 3 months. Results The highest proportion of patients (35%) were aged 40–50 years. Patients aged 29–39 years were mostly on HD (28% vs. 21% on PD) while those aged 51–59 years mostly used PD (29% vs. 16% on HD). The average age of patients on HD and PD were 41 and 42 years, respectively. Fixed costs were the principal cost driver for HD ($16,231.45) while variable costs were the principal cost driver for PD (US$20,488.79). The annual cost of HD per patient (US$31,993.12) was higher than PD (US$25,282.00 per patient), even though the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.816). Conclusion HD costs more than PD from the provider’s perspective. These cost estimates may be useful for carrying out future cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analyses in South Africa. Matlala, Moliehi aut Sibanda, Mncengeli aut Martin, Antony P. aut Godman, Brian (orcid)0000-0001-6539-6972 aut Enthalten in PharmacoEconomics - open [Cham] : Springer International Publishing, 2017 3(2019), 4 vom: 13. März, Seite 631-641 (DE-627)87233726X (DE-600)2874287-4 2509-4254 nnns volume:3 year:2019 number:4 day:13 month:03 pages:631-641 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41669-019-0124-5 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 3 2019 4 13 03 631-641
spelling	10.1007/s41669-019-0124-5 doi (DE-627)SPR038283042 (SPR)s41669-019-0124-5-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Makhele, Letlhogonolo verfasserin aut A Cost Analysis of Haemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis for the Management of End-Stage Renal Failure At an Academic Hospital in Pretoria, South Africa 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2019. corrected publication 2019 Background Haemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) are commonly used treatments for the management of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The costs of managing these patients have grown in recent years with increasing rates of non-communicable diseases, which will adversely impact on national health budgets unless addressed. Currently, there is limited knowledge of the costs of ESRD within the public healthcare system in South Africa. Objective The aim of this study was to examine the direct costs of HD and PD in South Africa from a healthcare provider’s perspective. Methods A prospective, observational study was undertaken at a leading public hospital in South Africa. A micro-costing approach was applied to estimate healthcare costs using 46 adult patients with ESRD who had been receiving HD and PD for at least 3 months. Results The highest proportion of patients (35%) were aged 40–50 years. Patients aged 29–39 years were mostly on HD (28% vs. 21% on PD) while those aged 51–59 years mostly used PD (29% vs. 16% on HD). The average age of patients on HD and PD were 41 and 42 years, respectively. Fixed costs were the principal cost driver for HD ($16,231.45) while variable costs were the principal cost driver for PD (US$20,488.79). The annual cost of HD per patient (US$31,993.12) was higher than PD (US$25,282.00 per patient), even though the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.816). Conclusion HD costs more than PD from the provider’s perspective. These cost estimates may be useful for carrying out future cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analyses in South Africa. Matlala, Moliehi aut Sibanda, Mncengeli aut Martin, Antony P. aut Godman, Brian (orcid)0000-0001-6539-6972 aut Enthalten in PharmacoEconomics - open [Cham] : Springer International Publishing, 2017 3(2019), 4 vom: 13. März, Seite 631-641 (DE-627)87233726X (DE-600)2874287-4 2509-4254 nnns volume:3 year:2019 number:4 day:13 month:03 pages:631-641 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41669-019-0124-5 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 3 2019 4 13 03 631-641
allfields_unstemmed	10.1007/s41669-019-0124-5 doi (DE-627)SPR038283042 (SPR)s41669-019-0124-5-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Makhele, Letlhogonolo verfasserin aut A Cost Analysis of Haemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis for the Management of End-Stage Renal Failure At an Academic Hospital in Pretoria, South Africa 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2019. corrected publication 2019 Background Haemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) are commonly used treatments for the management of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The costs of managing these patients have grown in recent years with increasing rates of non-communicable diseases, which will adversely impact on national health budgets unless addressed. Currently, there is limited knowledge of the costs of ESRD within the public healthcare system in South Africa. Objective The aim of this study was to examine the direct costs of HD and PD in South Africa from a healthcare provider’s perspective. Methods A prospective, observational study was undertaken at a leading public hospital in South Africa. A micro-costing approach was applied to estimate healthcare costs using 46 adult patients with ESRD who had been receiving HD and PD for at least 3 months. Results The highest proportion of patients (35%) were aged 40–50 years. Patients aged 29–39 years were mostly on HD (28% vs. 21% on PD) while those aged 51–59 years mostly used PD (29% vs. 16% on HD). The average age of patients on HD and PD were 41 and 42 years, respectively. Fixed costs were the principal cost driver for HD ($16,231.45) while variable costs were the principal cost driver for PD (US$20,488.79). The annual cost of HD per patient (US$31,993.12) was higher than PD (US$25,282.00 per patient), even though the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.816). Conclusion HD costs more than PD from the provider’s perspective. These cost estimates may be useful for carrying out future cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analyses in South Africa. Matlala, Moliehi aut Sibanda, Mncengeli aut Martin, Antony P. aut Godman, Brian (orcid)0000-0001-6539-6972 aut Enthalten in PharmacoEconomics - open [Cham] : Springer International Publishing, 2017 3(2019), 4 vom: 13. März, Seite 631-641 (DE-627)87233726X (DE-600)2874287-4 2509-4254 nnns volume:3 year:2019 number:4 day:13 month:03 pages:631-641 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41669-019-0124-5 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 3 2019 4 13 03 631-641
allfieldsGer	10.1007/s41669-019-0124-5 doi (DE-627)SPR038283042 (SPR)s41669-019-0124-5-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Makhele, Letlhogonolo verfasserin aut A Cost Analysis of Haemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis for the Management of End-Stage Renal Failure At an Academic Hospital in Pretoria, South Africa 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2019. corrected publication 2019 Background Haemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) are commonly used treatments for the management of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The costs of managing these patients have grown in recent years with increasing rates of non-communicable diseases, which will adversely impact on national health budgets unless addressed. Currently, there is limited knowledge of the costs of ESRD within the public healthcare system in South Africa. Objective The aim of this study was to examine the direct costs of HD and PD in South Africa from a healthcare provider’s perspective. Methods A prospective, observational study was undertaken at a leading public hospital in South Africa. A micro-costing approach was applied to estimate healthcare costs using 46 adult patients with ESRD who had been receiving HD and PD for at least 3 months. Results The highest proportion of patients (35%) were aged 40–50 years. Patients aged 29–39 years were mostly on HD (28% vs. 21% on PD) while those aged 51–59 years mostly used PD (29% vs. 16% on HD). The average age of patients on HD and PD were 41 and 42 years, respectively. Fixed costs were the principal cost driver for HD ($16,231.45) while variable costs were the principal cost driver for PD (US$20,488.79). The annual cost of HD per patient (US$31,993.12) was higher than PD (US$25,282.00 per patient), even though the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.816). Conclusion HD costs more than PD from the provider’s perspective. These cost estimates may be useful for carrying out future cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analyses in South Africa. Matlala, Moliehi aut Sibanda, Mncengeli aut Martin, Antony P. aut Godman, Brian (orcid)0000-0001-6539-6972 aut Enthalten in PharmacoEconomics - open [Cham] : Springer International Publishing, 2017 3(2019), 4 vom: 13. März, Seite 631-641 (DE-627)87233726X (DE-600)2874287-4 2509-4254 nnns volume:3 year:2019 number:4 day:13 month:03 pages:631-641 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41669-019-0124-5 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 3 2019 4 13 03 631-641
allfieldsSound	10.1007/s41669-019-0124-5 doi (DE-627)SPR038283042 (SPR)s41669-019-0124-5-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Makhele, Letlhogonolo verfasserin aut A Cost Analysis of Haemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis for the Management of End-Stage Renal Failure At an Academic Hospital in Pretoria, South Africa 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2019. corrected publication 2019 Background Haemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) are commonly used treatments for the management of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The costs of managing these patients have grown in recent years with increasing rates of non-communicable diseases, which will adversely impact on national health budgets unless addressed. Currently, there is limited knowledge of the costs of ESRD within the public healthcare system in South Africa. Objective The aim of this study was to examine the direct costs of HD and PD in South Africa from a healthcare provider’s perspective. Methods A prospective, observational study was undertaken at a leading public hospital in South Africa. A micro-costing approach was applied to estimate healthcare costs using 46 adult patients with ESRD who had been receiving HD and PD for at least 3 months. Results The highest proportion of patients (35%) were aged 40–50 years. Patients aged 29–39 years were mostly on HD (28% vs. 21% on PD) while those aged 51–59 years mostly used PD (29% vs. 16% on HD). The average age of patients on HD and PD were 41 and 42 years, respectively. Fixed costs were the principal cost driver for HD ($16,231.45) while variable costs were the principal cost driver for PD (US$20,488.79). The annual cost of HD per patient (US$31,993.12) was higher than PD (US$25,282.00 per patient), even though the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.816). Conclusion HD costs more than PD from the provider’s perspective. These cost estimates may be useful for carrying out future cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analyses in South Africa. Matlala, Moliehi aut Sibanda, Mncengeli aut Martin, Antony P. aut Godman, Brian (orcid)0000-0001-6539-6972 aut Enthalten in PharmacoEconomics - open [Cham] : Springer International Publishing, 2017 3(2019), 4 vom: 13. März, Seite 631-641 (DE-627)87233726X (DE-600)2874287-4 2509-4254 nnns volume:3 year:2019 number:4 day:13 month:03 pages:631-641 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41669-019-0124-5 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 3 2019 4 13 03 631-641
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title	A Cost Analysis of Haemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis for the Management of End-Stage Renal Failure At an Academic Hospital in Pretoria, South Africa
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title_full	A Cost Analysis of Haemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis for the Management of End-Stage Renal Failure At an Academic Hospital in Pretoria, South Africa
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author_browse	Makhele, Letlhogonolo Matlala, Moliehi Sibanda, Mncengeli Martin, Antony P. Godman, Brian
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title_sort	cost analysis of haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis for the management of end-stage renal failure at an academic hospital in pretoria, south africa
title_auth	A Cost Analysis of Haemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis for the Management of End-Stage Renal Failure At an Academic Hospital in Pretoria, South Africa
abstract	Background Haemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) are commonly used treatments for the management of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The costs of managing these patients have grown in recent years with increasing rates of non-communicable diseases, which will adversely impact on national health budgets unless addressed. Currently, there is limited knowledge of the costs of ESRD within the public healthcare system in South Africa. Objective The aim of this study was to examine the direct costs of HD and PD in South Africa from a healthcare provider’s perspective. Methods A prospective, observational study was undertaken at a leading public hospital in South Africa. A micro-costing approach was applied to estimate healthcare costs using 46 adult patients with ESRD who had been receiving HD and PD for at least 3 months. Results The highest proportion of patients (35%) were aged 40–50 years. Patients aged 29–39 years were mostly on HD (28% vs. 21% on PD) while those aged 51–59 years mostly used PD (29% vs. 16% on HD). The average age of patients on HD and PD were 41 and 42 years, respectively. Fixed costs were the principal cost driver for HD ($16,231.45) while variable costs were the principal cost driver for PD (US$20,488.79). The annual cost of HD per patient (US$31,993.12) was higher than PD (US$25,282.00 per patient), even though the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.816). Conclusion HD costs more than PD from the provider’s perspective. These cost estimates may be useful for carrying out future cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analyses in South Africa. © The Author(s) 2019. corrected publication 2019
abstractGer	Background Haemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) are commonly used treatments for the management of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The costs of managing these patients have grown in recent years with increasing rates of non-communicable diseases, which will adversely impact on national health budgets unless addressed. Currently, there is limited knowledge of the costs of ESRD within the public healthcare system in South Africa. Objective The aim of this study was to examine the direct costs of HD and PD in South Africa from a healthcare provider’s perspective. Methods A prospective, observational study was undertaken at a leading public hospital in South Africa. A micro-costing approach was applied to estimate healthcare costs using 46 adult patients with ESRD who had been receiving HD and PD for at least 3 months. Results The highest proportion of patients (35%) were aged 40–50 years. Patients aged 29–39 years were mostly on HD (28% vs. 21% on PD) while those aged 51–59 years mostly used PD (29% vs. 16% on HD). The average age of patients on HD and PD were 41 and 42 years, respectively. Fixed costs were the principal cost driver for HD ($16,231.45) while variable costs were the principal cost driver for PD (US$20,488.79). The annual cost of HD per patient (US$31,993.12) was higher than PD (US$25,282.00 per patient), even though the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.816). Conclusion HD costs more than PD from the provider’s perspective. These cost estimates may be useful for carrying out future cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analyses in South Africa. © The Author(s) 2019. corrected publication 2019
abstract_unstemmed	Background Haemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) are commonly used treatments for the management of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The costs of managing these patients have grown in recent years with increasing rates of non-communicable diseases, which will adversely impact on national health budgets unless addressed. Currently, there is limited knowledge of the costs of ESRD within the public healthcare system in South Africa. Objective The aim of this study was to examine the direct costs of HD and PD in South Africa from a healthcare provider’s perspective. Methods A prospective, observational study was undertaken at a leading public hospital in South Africa. A micro-costing approach was applied to estimate healthcare costs using 46 adult patients with ESRD who had been receiving HD and PD for at least 3 months. Results The highest proportion of patients (35%) were aged 40–50 years. Patients aged 29–39 years were mostly on HD (28% vs. 21% on PD) while those aged 51–59 years mostly used PD (29% vs. 16% on HD). The average age of patients on HD and PD were 41 and 42 years, respectively. Fixed costs were the principal cost driver for HD ($16,231.45) while variable costs were the principal cost driver for PD (US$20,488.79). The annual cost of HD per patient (US$31,993.12) was higher than PD (US$25,282.00 per patient), even though the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.816). Conclusion HD costs more than PD from the provider’s perspective. These cost estimates may be useful for carrying out future cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analyses in South Africa. © The Author(s) 2019. corrected publication 2019
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title_short	A Cost Analysis of Haemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis for the Management of End-Stage Renal Failure At an Academic Hospital in Pretoria, South Africa
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A Cost Analysis of Haemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis for the Management of End-Stage Renal Failure At an Academic Hospital in Pretoria, South Africa

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