Performance characterization of ionic-hydrogel based strain sensors

Abstract Ionic hydrogels, owing to the advantages of stretchability, conductivity and transparency, have attracted more attention for developing new soft sensors and artificial skins. Existing works on ionic-hydrogel based sensors mostly focus on material synthesis, structure design and functional integration, while few studies investigate the characterization of their sensing performances. In this paper, we present a method to characterize the performance (e.g., sensitivity, linearity and repeatability) of a kind of ionic-hydrogel based strain sensors by varying the testing frequencies and the sensors’ geometry (e.g., length-width (L/W) ratio). To this end, we first develop an experimental testing platform and fabricate a series of strain sensors made of the polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogel containing ionic conductive medium. We establish an equivalent electrical model to represent the ionic-hydrogel based strain sensors, indicating the influence of the testing frequencies and L/W ratio of the ionic hydrogels on their sensing performances. These theoretical predictions are in agreement with results obtained through experimental mea-surements. We further demonstrate that (1) the sensitivity of the strain sensors, characterized by the gauge factor (GF), increases with the rise of testing frequencies but tends to be stable over the frequency of 5 kHz; (2) the sensitivity GF has a nonlinear relation with the L/W ratio of the strain sensors, but with a certain maximum value under the same testing frequency when the L/W ratio equals to 4.80. We verify the above experimental observations with two commonly used electrolytes, including lithium chloride and sodium chloride. With the optimum testing frequency and L/W ratio, we finally conduct various experiments to demonstrate the low hysteresis and good repeatability of our ionic-hydrogel based strain sensors. This work provides an approach to characterize the performance of the ionic-hydrogel based strain sensors, which may be an important step forward in further applications of ionic hydrogels in soft robotics. Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Xu, HaiPeng [verfasserIn] Shen, ZeQun [verfasserIn] Gu, GuoYing [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2020

Schlagwörter:	ionic hydrogels sensor characterization large-strain sensor stretchable electronics

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Science in China - Heidelberg : Springer, 1997, 63(2020), 6 vom: 09. Apr., Seite 923-930
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:63 ; year:2020 ; number:6 ; day:09 ; month:04 ; pages:923-930

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1007/s11431-019-1511-4

Katalog-ID:	SPR039895270

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allfields	10.1007/s11431-019-1511-4 doi (DE-627)SPR039895270 (SPR)s11431-019-1511-4-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 600 ASE 600 ASE 50.00 bkl Xu, HaiPeng verfasserin aut Performance characterization of ionic-hydrogel based strain sensors 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Ionic hydrogels, owing to the advantages of stretchability, conductivity and transparency, have attracted more attention for developing new soft sensors and artificial skins. Existing works on ionic-hydrogel based sensors mostly focus on material synthesis, structure design and functional integration, while few studies investigate the characterization of their sensing performances. In this paper, we present a method to characterize the performance (e.g., sensitivity, linearity and repeatability) of a kind of ionic-hydrogel based strain sensors by varying the testing frequencies and the sensors’ geometry (e.g., length-width (L/W) ratio). To this end, we first develop an experimental testing platform and fabricate a series of strain sensors made of the polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogel containing ionic conductive medium. We establish an equivalent electrical model to represent the ionic-hydrogel based strain sensors, indicating the influence of the testing frequencies and L/W ratio of the ionic hydrogels on their sensing performances. These theoretical predictions are in agreement with results obtained through experimental mea-surements. We further demonstrate that (1) the sensitivity of the strain sensors, characterized by the gauge factor (GF), increases with the rise of testing frequencies but tends to be stable over the frequency of 5 kHz; (2) the sensitivity GF has a nonlinear relation with the L/W ratio of the strain sensors, but with a certain maximum value under the same testing frequency when the L/W ratio equals to 4.80. We verify the above experimental observations with two commonly used electrolytes, including lithium chloride and sodium chloride. With the optimum testing frequency and L/W ratio, we finally conduct various experiments to demonstrate the low hysteresis and good repeatability of our ionic-hydrogel based strain sensors. This work provides an approach to characterize the performance of the ionic-hydrogel based strain sensors, which may be an important step forward in further applications of ionic hydrogels in soft robotics. ionic hydrogels (dpeaa)DE-He213 sensor characterization (dpeaa)DE-He213 large-strain sensor (dpeaa)DE-He213 stretchable electronics (dpeaa)DE-He213 Shen, ZeQun verfasserin aut Gu, GuoYing verfasserin aut Enthalten in Science in China Heidelberg : Springer, 1997 63(2020), 6 vom: 09. Apr., Seite 923-930 (DE-627)385614756 (DE-600)2142897-9 1862-281X nnns volume:63 year:2020 number:6 day:09 month:04 pages:923-930 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11431-019-1511-4 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 50.00 ASE AR 63 2020 6 09 04 923-930
spelling	10.1007/s11431-019-1511-4 doi (DE-627)SPR039895270 (SPR)s11431-019-1511-4-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 600 ASE 600 ASE 50.00 bkl Xu, HaiPeng verfasserin aut Performance characterization of ionic-hydrogel based strain sensors 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Ionic hydrogels, owing to the advantages of stretchability, conductivity and transparency, have attracted more attention for developing new soft sensors and artificial skins. Existing works on ionic-hydrogel based sensors mostly focus on material synthesis, structure design and functional integration, while few studies investigate the characterization of their sensing performances. In this paper, we present a method to characterize the performance (e.g., sensitivity, linearity and repeatability) of a kind of ionic-hydrogel based strain sensors by varying the testing frequencies and the sensors’ geometry (e.g., length-width (L/W) ratio). To this end, we first develop an experimental testing platform and fabricate a series of strain sensors made of the polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogel containing ionic conductive medium. We establish an equivalent electrical model to represent the ionic-hydrogel based strain sensors, indicating the influence of the testing frequencies and L/W ratio of the ionic hydrogels on their sensing performances. These theoretical predictions are in agreement with results obtained through experimental mea-surements. We further demonstrate that (1) the sensitivity of the strain sensors, characterized by the gauge factor (GF), increases with the rise of testing frequencies but tends to be stable over the frequency of 5 kHz; (2) the sensitivity GF has a nonlinear relation with the L/W ratio of the strain sensors, but with a certain maximum value under the same testing frequency when the L/W ratio equals to 4.80. We verify the above experimental observations with two commonly used electrolytes, including lithium chloride and sodium chloride. With the optimum testing frequency and L/W ratio, we finally conduct various experiments to demonstrate the low hysteresis and good repeatability of our ionic-hydrogel based strain sensors. This work provides an approach to characterize the performance of the ionic-hydrogel based strain sensors, which may be an important step forward in further applications of ionic hydrogels in soft robotics. ionic hydrogels (dpeaa)DE-He213 sensor characterization (dpeaa)DE-He213 large-strain sensor (dpeaa)DE-He213 stretchable electronics (dpeaa)DE-He213 Shen, ZeQun verfasserin aut Gu, GuoYing verfasserin aut Enthalten in Science in China Heidelberg : Springer, 1997 63(2020), 6 vom: 09. Apr., Seite 923-930 (DE-627)385614756 (DE-600)2142897-9 1862-281X nnns volume:63 year:2020 number:6 day:09 month:04 pages:923-930 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11431-019-1511-4 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 50.00 ASE AR 63 2020 6 09 04 923-930
allfields_unstemmed	10.1007/s11431-019-1511-4 doi (DE-627)SPR039895270 (SPR)s11431-019-1511-4-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 600 ASE 600 ASE 50.00 bkl Xu, HaiPeng verfasserin aut Performance characterization of ionic-hydrogel based strain sensors 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Ionic hydrogels, owing to the advantages of stretchability, conductivity and transparency, have attracted more attention for developing new soft sensors and artificial skins. Existing works on ionic-hydrogel based sensors mostly focus on material synthesis, structure design and functional integration, while few studies investigate the characterization of their sensing performances. In this paper, we present a method to characterize the performance (e.g., sensitivity, linearity and repeatability) of a kind of ionic-hydrogel based strain sensors by varying the testing frequencies and the sensors’ geometry (e.g., length-width (L/W) ratio). To this end, we first develop an experimental testing platform and fabricate a series of strain sensors made of the polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogel containing ionic conductive medium. We establish an equivalent electrical model to represent the ionic-hydrogel based strain sensors, indicating the influence of the testing frequencies and L/W ratio of the ionic hydrogels on their sensing performances. These theoretical predictions are in agreement with results obtained through experimental mea-surements. We further demonstrate that (1) the sensitivity of the strain sensors, characterized by the gauge factor (GF), increases with the rise of testing frequencies but tends to be stable over the frequency of 5 kHz; (2) the sensitivity GF has a nonlinear relation with the L/W ratio of the strain sensors, but with a certain maximum value under the same testing frequency when the L/W ratio equals to 4.80. We verify the above experimental observations with two commonly used electrolytes, including lithium chloride and sodium chloride. With the optimum testing frequency and L/W ratio, we finally conduct various experiments to demonstrate the low hysteresis and good repeatability of our ionic-hydrogel based strain sensors. This work provides an approach to characterize the performance of the ionic-hydrogel based strain sensors, which may be an important step forward in further applications of ionic hydrogels in soft robotics. ionic hydrogels (dpeaa)DE-He213 sensor characterization (dpeaa)DE-He213 large-strain sensor (dpeaa)DE-He213 stretchable electronics (dpeaa)DE-He213 Shen, ZeQun verfasserin aut Gu, GuoYing verfasserin aut Enthalten in Science in China Heidelberg : Springer, 1997 63(2020), 6 vom: 09. Apr., Seite 923-930 (DE-627)385614756 (DE-600)2142897-9 1862-281X nnns volume:63 year:2020 number:6 day:09 month:04 pages:923-930 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11431-019-1511-4 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 50.00 ASE AR 63 2020 6 09 04 923-930
allfieldsGer	10.1007/s11431-019-1511-4 doi (DE-627)SPR039895270 (SPR)s11431-019-1511-4-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 600 ASE 600 ASE 50.00 bkl Xu, HaiPeng verfasserin aut Performance characterization of ionic-hydrogel based strain sensors 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Ionic hydrogels, owing to the advantages of stretchability, conductivity and transparency, have attracted more attention for developing new soft sensors and artificial skins. Existing works on ionic-hydrogel based sensors mostly focus on material synthesis, structure design and functional integration, while few studies investigate the characterization of their sensing performances. In this paper, we present a method to characterize the performance (e.g., sensitivity, linearity and repeatability) of a kind of ionic-hydrogel based strain sensors by varying the testing frequencies and the sensors’ geometry (e.g., length-width (L/W) ratio). To this end, we first develop an experimental testing platform and fabricate a series of strain sensors made of the polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogel containing ionic conductive medium. We establish an equivalent electrical model to represent the ionic-hydrogel based strain sensors, indicating the influence of the testing frequencies and L/W ratio of the ionic hydrogels on their sensing performances. These theoretical predictions are in agreement with results obtained through experimental mea-surements. We further demonstrate that (1) the sensitivity of the strain sensors, characterized by the gauge factor (GF), increases with the rise of testing frequencies but tends to be stable over the frequency of 5 kHz; (2) the sensitivity GF has a nonlinear relation with the L/W ratio of the strain sensors, but with a certain maximum value under the same testing frequency when the L/W ratio equals to 4.80. We verify the above experimental observations with two commonly used electrolytes, including lithium chloride and sodium chloride. With the optimum testing frequency and L/W ratio, we finally conduct various experiments to demonstrate the low hysteresis and good repeatability of our ionic-hydrogel based strain sensors. This work provides an approach to characterize the performance of the ionic-hydrogel based strain sensors, which may be an important step forward in further applications of ionic hydrogels in soft robotics. ionic hydrogels (dpeaa)DE-He213 sensor characterization (dpeaa)DE-He213 large-strain sensor (dpeaa)DE-He213 stretchable electronics (dpeaa)DE-He213 Shen, ZeQun verfasserin aut Gu, GuoYing verfasserin aut Enthalten in Science in China Heidelberg : Springer, 1997 63(2020), 6 vom: 09. Apr., Seite 923-930 (DE-627)385614756 (DE-600)2142897-9 1862-281X nnns volume:63 year:2020 number:6 day:09 month:04 pages:923-930 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11431-019-1511-4 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 50.00 ASE AR 63 2020 6 09 04 923-930
allfieldsSound	10.1007/s11431-019-1511-4 doi (DE-627)SPR039895270 (SPR)s11431-019-1511-4-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 600 ASE 600 ASE 50.00 bkl Xu, HaiPeng verfasserin aut Performance characterization of ionic-hydrogel based strain sensors 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Ionic hydrogels, owing to the advantages of stretchability, conductivity and transparency, have attracted more attention for developing new soft sensors and artificial skins. Existing works on ionic-hydrogel based sensors mostly focus on material synthesis, structure design and functional integration, while few studies investigate the characterization of their sensing performances. In this paper, we present a method to characterize the performance (e.g., sensitivity, linearity and repeatability) of a kind of ionic-hydrogel based strain sensors by varying the testing frequencies and the sensors’ geometry (e.g., length-width (L/W) ratio). To this end, we first develop an experimental testing platform and fabricate a series of strain sensors made of the polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogel containing ionic conductive medium. We establish an equivalent electrical model to represent the ionic-hydrogel based strain sensors, indicating the influence of the testing frequencies and L/W ratio of the ionic hydrogels on their sensing performances. These theoretical predictions are in agreement with results obtained through experimental mea-surements. We further demonstrate that (1) the sensitivity of the strain sensors, characterized by the gauge factor (GF), increases with the rise of testing frequencies but tends to be stable over the frequency of 5 kHz; (2) the sensitivity GF has a nonlinear relation with the L/W ratio of the strain sensors, but with a certain maximum value under the same testing frequency when the L/W ratio equals to 4.80. We verify the above experimental observations with two commonly used electrolytes, including lithium chloride and sodium chloride. With the optimum testing frequency and L/W ratio, we finally conduct various experiments to demonstrate the low hysteresis and good repeatability of our ionic-hydrogel based strain sensors. This work provides an approach to characterize the performance of the ionic-hydrogel based strain sensors, which may be an important step forward in further applications of ionic hydrogels in soft robotics. ionic hydrogels (dpeaa)DE-He213 sensor characterization (dpeaa)DE-He213 large-strain sensor (dpeaa)DE-He213 stretchable electronics (dpeaa)DE-He213 Shen, ZeQun verfasserin aut Gu, GuoYing verfasserin aut Enthalten in Science in China Heidelberg : Springer, 1997 63(2020), 6 vom: 09. Apr., Seite 923-930 (DE-627)385614756 (DE-600)2142897-9 1862-281X nnns volume:63 year:2020 number:6 day:09 month:04 pages:923-930 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11431-019-1511-4 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 50.00 ASE AR 63 2020 6 09 04 923-930
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source	Enthalten in Science in China 63(2020), 6 vom: 09. Apr., Seite 923-930 volume:63 year:2020 number:6 day:09 month:04 pages:923-930
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author	Xu, HaiPeng
spellingShingle	Xu, HaiPeng ddc 600 bkl 50.00 misc ionic hydrogels misc sensor characterization misc large-strain sensor misc stretchable electronics Performance characterization of ionic-hydrogel based strain sensors
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topic_title	600 ASE 50.00 bkl Performance characterization of ionic-hydrogel based strain sensors ionic hydrogels (dpeaa)DE-He213 sensor characterization (dpeaa)DE-He213 large-strain sensor (dpeaa)DE-He213 stretchable electronics (dpeaa)DE-He213
topic	ddc 600 bkl 50.00 misc ionic hydrogels misc sensor characterization misc large-strain sensor misc stretchable electronics
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title	Performance characterization of ionic-hydrogel based strain sensors
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title_full	Performance characterization of ionic-hydrogel based strain sensors
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title_sort	performance characterization of ionic-hydrogel based strain sensors
title_auth	Performance characterization of ionic-hydrogel based strain sensors
abstract	Abstract Ionic hydrogels, owing to the advantages of stretchability, conductivity and transparency, have attracted more attention for developing new soft sensors and artificial skins. Existing works on ionic-hydrogel based sensors mostly focus on material synthesis, structure design and functional integration, while few studies investigate the characterization of their sensing performances. In this paper, we present a method to characterize the performance (e.g., sensitivity, linearity and repeatability) of a kind of ionic-hydrogel based strain sensors by varying the testing frequencies and the sensors’ geometry (e.g., length-width (L/W) ratio). To this end, we first develop an experimental testing platform and fabricate a series of strain sensors made of the polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogel containing ionic conductive medium. We establish an equivalent electrical model to represent the ionic-hydrogel based strain sensors, indicating the influence of the testing frequencies and L/W ratio of the ionic hydrogels on their sensing performances. These theoretical predictions are in agreement with results obtained through experimental mea-surements. We further demonstrate that (1) the sensitivity of the strain sensors, characterized by the gauge factor (GF), increases with the rise of testing frequencies but tends to be stable over the frequency of 5 kHz; (2) the sensitivity GF has a nonlinear relation with the L/W ratio of the strain sensors, but with a certain maximum value under the same testing frequency when the L/W ratio equals to 4.80. We verify the above experimental observations with two commonly used electrolytes, including lithium chloride and sodium chloride. With the optimum testing frequency and L/W ratio, we finally conduct various experiments to demonstrate the low hysteresis and good repeatability of our ionic-hydrogel based strain sensors. This work provides an approach to characterize the performance of the ionic-hydrogel based strain sensors, which may be an important step forward in further applications of ionic hydrogels in soft robotics.
abstractGer	Abstract Ionic hydrogels, owing to the advantages of stretchability, conductivity and transparency, have attracted more attention for developing new soft sensors and artificial skins. Existing works on ionic-hydrogel based sensors mostly focus on material synthesis, structure design and functional integration, while few studies investigate the characterization of their sensing performances. In this paper, we present a method to characterize the performance (e.g., sensitivity, linearity and repeatability) of a kind of ionic-hydrogel based strain sensors by varying the testing frequencies and the sensors’ geometry (e.g., length-width (L/W) ratio). To this end, we first develop an experimental testing platform and fabricate a series of strain sensors made of the polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogel containing ionic conductive medium. We establish an equivalent electrical model to represent the ionic-hydrogel based strain sensors, indicating the influence of the testing frequencies and L/W ratio of the ionic hydrogels on their sensing performances. These theoretical predictions are in agreement with results obtained through experimental mea-surements. We further demonstrate that (1) the sensitivity of the strain sensors, characterized by the gauge factor (GF), increases with the rise of testing frequencies but tends to be stable over the frequency of 5 kHz; (2) the sensitivity GF has a nonlinear relation with the L/W ratio of the strain sensors, but with a certain maximum value under the same testing frequency when the L/W ratio equals to 4.80. We verify the above experimental observations with two commonly used electrolytes, including lithium chloride and sodium chloride. With the optimum testing frequency and L/W ratio, we finally conduct various experiments to demonstrate the low hysteresis and good repeatability of our ionic-hydrogel based strain sensors. This work provides an approach to characterize the performance of the ionic-hydrogel based strain sensors, which may be an important step forward in further applications of ionic hydrogels in soft robotics.
abstract_unstemmed	Abstract Ionic hydrogels, owing to the advantages of stretchability, conductivity and transparency, have attracted more attention for developing new soft sensors and artificial skins. Existing works on ionic-hydrogel based sensors mostly focus on material synthesis, structure design and functional integration, while few studies investigate the characterization of their sensing performances. In this paper, we present a method to characterize the performance (e.g., sensitivity, linearity and repeatability) of a kind of ionic-hydrogel based strain sensors by varying the testing frequencies and the sensors’ geometry (e.g., length-width (L/W) ratio). To this end, we first develop an experimental testing platform and fabricate a series of strain sensors made of the polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogel containing ionic conductive medium. We establish an equivalent electrical model to represent the ionic-hydrogel based strain sensors, indicating the influence of the testing frequencies and L/W ratio of the ionic hydrogels on their sensing performances. These theoretical predictions are in agreement with results obtained through experimental mea-surements. We further demonstrate that (1) the sensitivity of the strain sensors, characterized by the gauge factor (GF), increases with the rise of testing frequencies but tends to be stable over the frequency of 5 kHz; (2) the sensitivity GF has a nonlinear relation with the L/W ratio of the strain sensors, but with a certain maximum value under the same testing frequency when the L/W ratio equals to 4.80. We verify the above experimental observations with two commonly used electrolytes, including lithium chloride and sodium chloride. With the optimum testing frequency and L/W ratio, we finally conduct various experiments to demonstrate the low hysteresis and good repeatability of our ionic-hydrogel based strain sensors. This work provides an approach to characterize the performance of the ionic-hydrogel based strain sensors, which may be an important step forward in further applications of ionic hydrogels in soft robotics.
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title_short	Performance characterization of ionic-hydrogel based strain sensors
url	https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11431-019-1511-4
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up_date	2024-07-04T02:02:35.562Z
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We further demonstrate that (1) the sensitivity of the strain sensors, characterized by the gauge factor (GF), increases with the rise of testing frequencies but tends to be stable over the frequency of 5 kHz; (2) the sensitivity GF has a nonlinear relation with the L/W ratio of the strain sensors, but with a certain maximum value under the same testing frequency when the L/W ratio equals to 4.80. We verify the above experimental observations with two commonly used electrolytes, including lithium chloride and sodium chloride. With the optimum testing frequency and L/W ratio, we finally conduct various experiments to demonstrate the low hysteresis and good repeatability of our ionic-hydrogel based strain sensors. This work provides an approach to characterize the performance of the ionic-hydrogel based strain sensors, which may be an important step forward in further applications of ionic hydrogels in soft robotics.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">ionic hydrogels</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">sensor characterization</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">large-strain sensor</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">stretchable electronics</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Shen, ZeQun</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Gu, GuoYing</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Enthalten in</subfield><subfield code="t">Science in China</subfield><subfield code="d">Heidelberg : Springer, 1997</subfield><subfield code="g">63(2020), 6 vom: 09. 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Performance characterization of ionic-hydrogel based strain sensors

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