Resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade cancer immunotherapy: mechanisms, predictive factors, and future perspectives

Abstract PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy is a promising cancer treatment strategy, which has revolutionized the treatment landscape of malignancies. Over the last decade, PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy has been trialed in a broad range of malignancies and achieved clinical success. Despite the potentially...
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Autor*in:	Sun, Jin-Yu [verfasserIn] Zhang, Dengke [verfasserIn] Wu, Songquan [verfasserIn] Xu, Min [verfasserIn] Zhou, Xiao [verfasserIn] Lu, Xiao-Jie [verfasserIn] Ji, Jiansong [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2020

Schlagwörter:	PD-1/PD-L1 blockade Cancer immunotherapy Resistance

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Biomarker Research - London : Biomed Central, 2013, 8(2020), 1 vom: 26. Aug.
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:8 ; year:2020 ; number:1 ; day:26 ; month:08

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1186/s40364-020-00212-5

Katalog-ID:	SPR040773361

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allfields	10.1186/s40364-020-00212-5 doi (DE-627)SPR040773361 (SPR)s40364-020-00212-5-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 610 ASE Sun, Jin-Yu verfasserin aut Resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade cancer immunotherapy: mechanisms, predictive factors, and future perspectives 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy is a promising cancer treatment strategy, which has revolutionized the treatment landscape of malignancies. Over the last decade, PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy has been trialed in a broad range of malignancies and achieved clinical success. Despite the potentially cure-like survival benefit, only a minority of patients are estimated to experience a positive response to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy, and the primary or acquired resistance might eventually lead to cancer progression in patients with clinical responses. Accordingly, the resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade remains a significant challenge hindering its further application. To overcome the limitation in therapy resistance, substantial effort has been made to improve or develop novel anti-PD-1/PD-L1 based immunotherapy strategies with better clinical response and reduced immune-mediated toxicity. In this review, we provide an overview on the resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade and briefly introduce the mechanisms underlying therapy resistance. Moreover, we summarize potential predictive factors for the resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. Furthermore, we give an insight into the possible solutions to improve efficacy and clinical response. In the following research, combined efforts of basic researchers and clinicians are required to address the limitation of therapy resistance. PD-1/PD-L1 blockade (dpeaa)DE-He213 Cancer immunotherapy (dpeaa)DE-He213 Resistance (dpeaa)DE-He213 Zhang, Dengke verfasserin aut Wu, Songquan verfasserin aut Xu, Min verfasserin aut Zhou, Xiao verfasserin aut Lu, Xiao-Jie verfasserin aut Ji, Jiansong verfasserin aut Enthalten in Biomarker Research London : Biomed Central, 2013 8(2020), 1 vom: 26. Aug. (DE-627)735133530 (DE-600)2699926-2 2050-7771 nnns volume:8 year:2020 number:1 day:26 month:08 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40364-020-00212-5 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 8 2020 1 26 08
spelling	10.1186/s40364-020-00212-5 doi (DE-627)SPR040773361 (SPR)s40364-020-00212-5-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 610 ASE Sun, Jin-Yu verfasserin aut Resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade cancer immunotherapy: mechanisms, predictive factors, and future perspectives 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy is a promising cancer treatment strategy, which has revolutionized the treatment landscape of malignancies. Over the last decade, PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy has been trialed in a broad range of malignancies and achieved clinical success. Despite the potentially cure-like survival benefit, only a minority of patients are estimated to experience a positive response to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy, and the primary or acquired resistance might eventually lead to cancer progression in patients with clinical responses. Accordingly, the resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade remains a significant challenge hindering its further application. To overcome the limitation in therapy resistance, substantial effort has been made to improve or develop novel anti-PD-1/PD-L1 based immunotherapy strategies with better clinical response and reduced immune-mediated toxicity. In this review, we provide an overview on the resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade and briefly introduce the mechanisms underlying therapy resistance. Moreover, we summarize potential predictive factors for the resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. Furthermore, we give an insight into the possible solutions to improve efficacy and clinical response. In the following research, combined efforts of basic researchers and clinicians are required to address the limitation of therapy resistance. PD-1/PD-L1 blockade (dpeaa)DE-He213 Cancer immunotherapy (dpeaa)DE-He213 Resistance (dpeaa)DE-He213 Zhang, Dengke verfasserin aut Wu, Songquan verfasserin aut Xu, Min verfasserin aut Zhou, Xiao verfasserin aut Lu, Xiao-Jie verfasserin aut Ji, Jiansong verfasserin aut Enthalten in Biomarker Research London : Biomed Central, 2013 8(2020), 1 vom: 26. Aug. (DE-627)735133530 (DE-600)2699926-2 2050-7771 nnns volume:8 year:2020 number:1 day:26 month:08 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40364-020-00212-5 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 8 2020 1 26 08
allfields_unstemmed	10.1186/s40364-020-00212-5 doi (DE-627)SPR040773361 (SPR)s40364-020-00212-5-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 610 ASE Sun, Jin-Yu verfasserin aut Resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade cancer immunotherapy: mechanisms, predictive factors, and future perspectives 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy is a promising cancer treatment strategy, which has revolutionized the treatment landscape of malignancies. Over the last decade, PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy has been trialed in a broad range of malignancies and achieved clinical success. Despite the potentially cure-like survival benefit, only a minority of patients are estimated to experience a positive response to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy, and the primary or acquired resistance might eventually lead to cancer progression in patients with clinical responses. Accordingly, the resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade remains a significant challenge hindering its further application. To overcome the limitation in therapy resistance, substantial effort has been made to improve or develop novel anti-PD-1/PD-L1 based immunotherapy strategies with better clinical response and reduced immune-mediated toxicity. In this review, we provide an overview on the resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade and briefly introduce the mechanisms underlying therapy resistance. Moreover, we summarize potential predictive factors for the resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. Furthermore, we give an insight into the possible solutions to improve efficacy and clinical response. In the following research, combined efforts of basic researchers and clinicians are required to address the limitation of therapy resistance. PD-1/PD-L1 blockade (dpeaa)DE-He213 Cancer immunotherapy (dpeaa)DE-He213 Resistance (dpeaa)DE-He213 Zhang, Dengke verfasserin aut Wu, Songquan verfasserin aut Xu, Min verfasserin aut Zhou, Xiao verfasserin aut Lu, Xiao-Jie verfasserin aut Ji, Jiansong verfasserin aut Enthalten in Biomarker Research London : Biomed Central, 2013 8(2020), 1 vom: 26. Aug. (DE-627)735133530 (DE-600)2699926-2 2050-7771 nnns volume:8 year:2020 number:1 day:26 month:08 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40364-020-00212-5 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 8 2020 1 26 08
allfieldsGer	10.1186/s40364-020-00212-5 doi (DE-627)SPR040773361 (SPR)s40364-020-00212-5-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 610 ASE Sun, Jin-Yu verfasserin aut Resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade cancer immunotherapy: mechanisms, predictive factors, and future perspectives 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy is a promising cancer treatment strategy, which has revolutionized the treatment landscape of malignancies. Over the last decade, PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy has been trialed in a broad range of malignancies and achieved clinical success. Despite the potentially cure-like survival benefit, only a minority of patients are estimated to experience a positive response to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy, and the primary or acquired resistance might eventually lead to cancer progression in patients with clinical responses. Accordingly, the resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade remains a significant challenge hindering its further application. To overcome the limitation in therapy resistance, substantial effort has been made to improve or develop novel anti-PD-1/PD-L1 based immunotherapy strategies with better clinical response and reduced immune-mediated toxicity. In this review, we provide an overview on the resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade and briefly introduce the mechanisms underlying therapy resistance. Moreover, we summarize potential predictive factors for the resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. Furthermore, we give an insight into the possible solutions to improve efficacy and clinical response. In the following research, combined efforts of basic researchers and clinicians are required to address the limitation of therapy resistance. PD-1/PD-L1 blockade (dpeaa)DE-He213 Cancer immunotherapy (dpeaa)DE-He213 Resistance (dpeaa)DE-He213 Zhang, Dengke verfasserin aut Wu, Songquan verfasserin aut Xu, Min verfasserin aut Zhou, Xiao verfasserin aut Lu, Xiao-Jie verfasserin aut Ji, Jiansong verfasserin aut Enthalten in Biomarker Research London : Biomed Central, 2013 8(2020), 1 vom: 26. Aug. (DE-627)735133530 (DE-600)2699926-2 2050-7771 nnns volume:8 year:2020 number:1 day:26 month:08 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40364-020-00212-5 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 8 2020 1 26 08
allfieldsSound	10.1186/s40364-020-00212-5 doi (DE-627)SPR040773361 (SPR)s40364-020-00212-5-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 610 ASE Sun, Jin-Yu verfasserin aut Resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade cancer immunotherapy: mechanisms, predictive factors, and future perspectives 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy is a promising cancer treatment strategy, which has revolutionized the treatment landscape of malignancies. Over the last decade, PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy has been trialed in a broad range of malignancies and achieved clinical success. Despite the potentially cure-like survival benefit, only a minority of patients are estimated to experience a positive response to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy, and the primary or acquired resistance might eventually lead to cancer progression in patients with clinical responses. Accordingly, the resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade remains a significant challenge hindering its further application. To overcome the limitation in therapy resistance, substantial effort has been made to improve or develop novel anti-PD-1/PD-L1 based immunotherapy strategies with better clinical response and reduced immune-mediated toxicity. In this review, we provide an overview on the resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade and briefly introduce the mechanisms underlying therapy resistance. Moreover, we summarize potential predictive factors for the resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. Furthermore, we give an insight into the possible solutions to improve efficacy and clinical response. In the following research, combined efforts of basic researchers and clinicians are required to address the limitation of therapy resistance. PD-1/PD-L1 blockade (dpeaa)DE-He213 Cancer immunotherapy (dpeaa)DE-He213 Resistance (dpeaa)DE-He213 Zhang, Dengke verfasserin aut Wu, Songquan verfasserin aut Xu, Min verfasserin aut Zhou, Xiao verfasserin aut Lu, Xiao-Jie verfasserin aut Ji, Jiansong verfasserin aut Enthalten in Biomarker Research London : Biomed Central, 2013 8(2020), 1 vom: 26. Aug. (DE-627)735133530 (DE-600)2699926-2 2050-7771 nnns volume:8 year:2020 number:1 day:26 month:08 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40364-020-00212-5 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 8 2020 1 26 08
language	English
source	Enthalten in Biomarker Research 8(2020), 1 vom: 26. Aug. volume:8 year:2020 number:1 day:26 month:08
sourceStr	Enthalten in Biomarker Research 8(2020), 1 vom: 26. Aug. volume:8 year:2020 number:1 day:26 month:08
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	PD-1/PD-L1 blockade Cancer immunotherapy Resistance
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container_title	Biomarker Research
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Sun, Jin-Yu @@aut@@ Zhang, Dengke @@aut@@ Wu, Songquan @@aut@@ Xu, Min @@aut@@ Zhou, Xiao @@aut@@ Lu, Xiao-Jie @@aut@@ Ji, Jiansong @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2020-08-26T00:00:00Z
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author	Sun, Jin-Yu
spellingShingle	Sun, Jin-Yu ddc 570 misc PD-1/PD-L1 blockade misc Cancer immunotherapy misc Resistance Resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade cancer immunotherapy: mechanisms, predictive factors, and future perspectives
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topic_title	570 610 ASE Resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade cancer immunotherapy: mechanisms, predictive factors, and future perspectives PD-1/PD-L1 blockade (dpeaa)DE-He213 Cancer immunotherapy (dpeaa)DE-He213 Resistance (dpeaa)DE-He213
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title	Resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade cancer immunotherapy: mechanisms, predictive factors, and future perspectives
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title_full	Resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade cancer immunotherapy: mechanisms, predictive factors, and future perspectives
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author_browse	Sun, Jin-Yu Zhang, Dengke Wu, Songquan Xu, Min Zhou, Xiao Lu, Xiao-Jie Ji, Jiansong
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title_sort	resistance to pd-1/pd-l1 blockade cancer immunotherapy: mechanisms, predictive factors, and future perspectives
title_auth	Resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade cancer immunotherapy: mechanisms, predictive factors, and future perspectives
abstract	Abstract PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy is a promising cancer treatment strategy, which has revolutionized the treatment landscape of malignancies. Over the last decade, PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy has been trialed in a broad range of malignancies and achieved clinical success. Despite the potentially cure-like survival benefit, only a minority of patients are estimated to experience a positive response to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy, and the primary or acquired resistance might eventually lead to cancer progression in patients with clinical responses. Accordingly, the resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade remains a significant challenge hindering its further application. To overcome the limitation in therapy resistance, substantial effort has been made to improve or develop novel anti-PD-1/PD-L1 based immunotherapy strategies with better clinical response and reduced immune-mediated toxicity. In this review, we provide an overview on the resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade and briefly introduce the mechanisms underlying therapy resistance. Moreover, we summarize potential predictive factors for the resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. Furthermore, we give an insight into the possible solutions to improve efficacy and clinical response. In the following research, combined efforts of basic researchers and clinicians are required to address the limitation of therapy resistance.
abstractGer	Abstract PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy is a promising cancer treatment strategy, which has revolutionized the treatment landscape of malignancies. Over the last decade, PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy has been trialed in a broad range of malignancies and achieved clinical success. Despite the potentially cure-like survival benefit, only a minority of patients are estimated to experience a positive response to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy, and the primary or acquired resistance might eventually lead to cancer progression in patients with clinical responses. Accordingly, the resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade remains a significant challenge hindering its further application. To overcome the limitation in therapy resistance, substantial effort has been made to improve or develop novel anti-PD-1/PD-L1 based immunotherapy strategies with better clinical response and reduced immune-mediated toxicity. In this review, we provide an overview on the resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade and briefly introduce the mechanisms underlying therapy resistance. Moreover, we summarize potential predictive factors for the resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. Furthermore, we give an insight into the possible solutions to improve efficacy and clinical response. In the following research, combined efforts of basic researchers and clinicians are required to address the limitation of therapy resistance.
abstract_unstemmed	Abstract PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy is a promising cancer treatment strategy, which has revolutionized the treatment landscape of malignancies. Over the last decade, PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy has been trialed in a broad range of malignancies and achieved clinical success. Despite the potentially cure-like survival benefit, only a minority of patients are estimated to experience a positive response to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy, and the primary or acquired resistance might eventually lead to cancer progression in patients with clinical responses. Accordingly, the resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade remains a significant challenge hindering its further application. To overcome the limitation in therapy resistance, substantial effort has been made to improve or develop novel anti-PD-1/PD-L1 based immunotherapy strategies with better clinical response and reduced immune-mediated toxicity. In this review, we provide an overview on the resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade and briefly introduce the mechanisms underlying therapy resistance. Moreover, we summarize potential predictive factors for the resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. Furthermore, we give an insight into the possible solutions to improve efficacy and clinical response. In the following research, combined efforts of basic researchers and clinicians are required to address the limitation of therapy resistance.
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title_short	Resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade cancer immunotherapy: mechanisms, predictive factors, and future perspectives
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author2	Zhang, Dengke Wu, Songquan Xu, Min Zhou, Xiao Lu, Xiao-Jie Ji, Jiansong
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Resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade cancer immunotherapy: mechanisms, predictive factors, and future perspectives

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