Opportunistic screening of cardiovascular disease risk factors in community pharmacies in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study
Abstract Background Early identification and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors through screening are crucial in the primary prevention of CVD and reduction in healthcare-related costs. Use of Non-Physician Healthcare-workers including Community Pharmacists has been advocated as...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Amadi, Casmir [verfasserIn] Lawal, Folasade [verfasserIn] Ajiboye, Wale [verfasserIn] Agbim, Rosarii [verfasserIn] Mbakwem, Amam [verfasserIn] Ajuluchukwu, Jayne [verfasserIn] Oke, David A. [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2020 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Pharmacy world & science - Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V., 1979, 42(2020), 6 vom: 22. Sept., Seite 1469-1479 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:42 ; year:2020 ; number:6 ; day:22 ; month:09 ; pages:1469-1479 |
| Links: |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1007/s11096-020-01112-2 |
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SPR041731174 |
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| 520 | |a Abstract Background Early identification and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors through screening are crucial in the primary prevention of CVD and reduction in healthcare-related costs. Use of Non-Physician Healthcare-workers including Community Pharmacists has been advocated as an effective and cost-efficient model of healthcare delivery. In Nigeria the use of community pharmacists for mass screening of CVD risk factors has not been explored. Objective We sought to investigate the possibility of mass CVD risk factor screening in community pharmacies by pharmacists. Setting Lagos, Nigeria. Methods Between October and December 2018 eight hundred and eighty-nine apparently healthy participants were screened for obesity, hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolaemia in ten community pharmacies. Diabetes and hypercholesterolaemia were screened for using point-of-care testing modalities. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain the socio-demographic data of the participants. Main outcome measures Prevalence of overweight/obesity, hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia, smoking and alcohol intake. Results Mean age of the subjects was 56.8 ± 21.1 years. Majority (57.4%) were females. Prevalence of smoking and alcohol intake were 4.3% and 26.7% respectively. 59.7% and 71.5% of males and females were either overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/$ m^{2} $) or obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/$ m^{2} $) respectively. Prevalence of hypertension was 28.2% in all subjects, 30.9% in males and 26.3% in females, p < 0.001. Using BP > 130/80 mmHg prevalence of hypertension was 55.1%. Diabetes was detected in 3% of the subjects while 45.3% had hypercholesterolaemia. In total, 64.1% of the subjects were diagnosed with CVD risk factors for the first time. Conclusion Opportunistic screening for CVD risk factors is possible in community pharmacies and has the ability to detect previously undiagnosed risk factors. This community pharmacy based model could serve as a cost-effective approach to primary prevention of CVD. | ||
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10.1007/s11096-020-01112-2 doi (DE-627)SPR041731174 (SPR)s11096-020-01112-2-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 ASE 44.40 bkl Amadi, Casmir verfasserin aut Opportunistic screening of cardiovascular disease risk factors in community pharmacies in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Background Early identification and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors through screening are crucial in the primary prevention of CVD and reduction in healthcare-related costs. Use of Non-Physician Healthcare-workers including Community Pharmacists has been advocated as an effective and cost-efficient model of healthcare delivery. In Nigeria the use of community pharmacists for mass screening of CVD risk factors has not been explored. Objective We sought to investigate the possibility of mass CVD risk factor screening in community pharmacies by pharmacists. Setting Lagos, Nigeria. Methods Between October and December 2018 eight hundred and eighty-nine apparently healthy participants were screened for obesity, hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolaemia in ten community pharmacies. Diabetes and hypercholesterolaemia were screened for using point-of-care testing modalities. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain the socio-demographic data of the participants. Main outcome measures Prevalence of overweight/obesity, hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia, smoking and alcohol intake. Results Mean age of the subjects was 56.8 ± 21.1 years. Majority (57.4%) were females. Prevalence of smoking and alcohol intake were 4.3% and 26.7% respectively. 59.7% and 71.5% of males and females were either overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/$ m^{2} $) or obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/$ m^{2} $) respectively. Prevalence of hypertension was 28.2% in all subjects, 30.9% in males and 26.3% in females, p < 0.001. Using BP > 130/80 mmHg prevalence of hypertension was 55.1%. Diabetes was detected in 3% of the subjects while 45.3% had hypercholesterolaemia. In total, 64.1% of the subjects were diagnosed with CVD risk factors for the first time. Conclusion Opportunistic screening for CVD risk factors is possible in community pharmacies and has the ability to detect previously undiagnosed risk factors. This community pharmacy based model could serve as a cost-effective approach to primary prevention of CVD. Community pharmacy (dpeaa)DE-He213 CVD risk factors (dpeaa)DE-He213 CVD screening (dpeaa)DE-He213 Feasibility (dpeaa)DE-He213 Lawal, Folasade verfasserin aut Ajiboye, Wale verfasserin aut Agbim, Rosarii verfasserin aut Mbakwem, Amam verfasserin aut Ajuluchukwu, Jayne verfasserin aut Oke, David A. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Pharmacy world & science Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V., 1979 42(2020), 6 vom: 22. Sept., Seite 1469-1479 (DE-627)320474054 (DE-600)2008911-9 1573-739X nnns volume:42 year:2020 number:6 day:22 month:09 pages:1469-1479 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-020-01112-2 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OPC-PHA SSG-OPC-ASE GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 44.40 ASE AR 42 2020 6 22 09 1469-1479 |
| spelling |
10.1007/s11096-020-01112-2 doi (DE-627)SPR041731174 (SPR)s11096-020-01112-2-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 ASE 44.40 bkl Amadi, Casmir verfasserin aut Opportunistic screening of cardiovascular disease risk factors in community pharmacies in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Background Early identification and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors through screening are crucial in the primary prevention of CVD and reduction in healthcare-related costs. Use of Non-Physician Healthcare-workers including Community Pharmacists has been advocated as an effective and cost-efficient model of healthcare delivery. In Nigeria the use of community pharmacists for mass screening of CVD risk factors has not been explored. Objective We sought to investigate the possibility of mass CVD risk factor screening in community pharmacies by pharmacists. Setting Lagos, Nigeria. Methods Between October and December 2018 eight hundred and eighty-nine apparently healthy participants were screened for obesity, hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolaemia in ten community pharmacies. Diabetes and hypercholesterolaemia were screened for using point-of-care testing modalities. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain the socio-demographic data of the participants. Main outcome measures Prevalence of overweight/obesity, hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia, smoking and alcohol intake. Results Mean age of the subjects was 56.8 ± 21.1 years. Majority (57.4%) were females. Prevalence of smoking and alcohol intake were 4.3% and 26.7% respectively. 59.7% and 71.5% of males and females were either overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/$ m^{2} $) or obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/$ m^{2} $) respectively. Prevalence of hypertension was 28.2% in all subjects, 30.9% in males and 26.3% in females, p < 0.001. Using BP > 130/80 mmHg prevalence of hypertension was 55.1%. Diabetes was detected in 3% of the subjects while 45.3% had hypercholesterolaemia. In total, 64.1% of the subjects were diagnosed with CVD risk factors for the first time. Conclusion Opportunistic screening for CVD risk factors is possible in community pharmacies and has the ability to detect previously undiagnosed risk factors. This community pharmacy based model could serve as a cost-effective approach to primary prevention of CVD. Community pharmacy (dpeaa)DE-He213 CVD risk factors (dpeaa)DE-He213 CVD screening (dpeaa)DE-He213 Feasibility (dpeaa)DE-He213 Lawal, Folasade verfasserin aut Ajiboye, Wale verfasserin aut Agbim, Rosarii verfasserin aut Mbakwem, Amam verfasserin aut Ajuluchukwu, Jayne verfasserin aut Oke, David A. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Pharmacy world & science Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V., 1979 42(2020), 6 vom: 22. Sept., Seite 1469-1479 (DE-627)320474054 (DE-600)2008911-9 1573-739X nnns volume:42 year:2020 number:6 day:22 month:09 pages:1469-1479 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-020-01112-2 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OPC-PHA SSG-OPC-ASE GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 44.40 ASE AR 42 2020 6 22 09 1469-1479 |
| allfields_unstemmed |
10.1007/s11096-020-01112-2 doi (DE-627)SPR041731174 (SPR)s11096-020-01112-2-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 ASE 44.40 bkl Amadi, Casmir verfasserin aut Opportunistic screening of cardiovascular disease risk factors in community pharmacies in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Background Early identification and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors through screening are crucial in the primary prevention of CVD and reduction in healthcare-related costs. Use of Non-Physician Healthcare-workers including Community Pharmacists has been advocated as an effective and cost-efficient model of healthcare delivery. In Nigeria the use of community pharmacists for mass screening of CVD risk factors has not been explored. Objective We sought to investigate the possibility of mass CVD risk factor screening in community pharmacies by pharmacists. Setting Lagos, Nigeria. Methods Between October and December 2018 eight hundred and eighty-nine apparently healthy participants were screened for obesity, hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolaemia in ten community pharmacies. Diabetes and hypercholesterolaemia were screened for using point-of-care testing modalities. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain the socio-demographic data of the participants. Main outcome measures Prevalence of overweight/obesity, hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia, smoking and alcohol intake. Results Mean age of the subjects was 56.8 ± 21.1 years. Majority (57.4%) were females. Prevalence of smoking and alcohol intake were 4.3% and 26.7% respectively. 59.7% and 71.5% of males and females were either overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/$ m^{2} $) or obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/$ m^{2} $) respectively. Prevalence of hypertension was 28.2% in all subjects, 30.9% in males and 26.3% in females, p < 0.001. Using BP > 130/80 mmHg prevalence of hypertension was 55.1%. Diabetes was detected in 3% of the subjects while 45.3% had hypercholesterolaemia. In total, 64.1% of the subjects were diagnosed with CVD risk factors for the first time. Conclusion Opportunistic screening for CVD risk factors is possible in community pharmacies and has the ability to detect previously undiagnosed risk factors. This community pharmacy based model could serve as a cost-effective approach to primary prevention of CVD. Community pharmacy (dpeaa)DE-He213 CVD risk factors (dpeaa)DE-He213 CVD screening (dpeaa)DE-He213 Feasibility (dpeaa)DE-He213 Lawal, Folasade verfasserin aut Ajiboye, Wale verfasserin aut Agbim, Rosarii verfasserin aut Mbakwem, Amam verfasserin aut Ajuluchukwu, Jayne verfasserin aut Oke, David A. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Pharmacy world & science Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V., 1979 42(2020), 6 vom: 22. Sept., Seite 1469-1479 (DE-627)320474054 (DE-600)2008911-9 1573-739X nnns volume:42 year:2020 number:6 day:22 month:09 pages:1469-1479 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-020-01112-2 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OPC-PHA SSG-OPC-ASE GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 44.40 ASE AR 42 2020 6 22 09 1469-1479 |
| allfieldsGer |
10.1007/s11096-020-01112-2 doi (DE-627)SPR041731174 (SPR)s11096-020-01112-2-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 ASE 44.40 bkl Amadi, Casmir verfasserin aut Opportunistic screening of cardiovascular disease risk factors in community pharmacies in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Background Early identification and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors through screening are crucial in the primary prevention of CVD and reduction in healthcare-related costs. Use of Non-Physician Healthcare-workers including Community Pharmacists has been advocated as an effective and cost-efficient model of healthcare delivery. In Nigeria the use of community pharmacists for mass screening of CVD risk factors has not been explored. Objective We sought to investigate the possibility of mass CVD risk factor screening in community pharmacies by pharmacists. Setting Lagos, Nigeria. Methods Between October and December 2018 eight hundred and eighty-nine apparently healthy participants were screened for obesity, hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolaemia in ten community pharmacies. Diabetes and hypercholesterolaemia were screened for using point-of-care testing modalities. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain the socio-demographic data of the participants. Main outcome measures Prevalence of overweight/obesity, hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia, smoking and alcohol intake. Results Mean age of the subjects was 56.8 ± 21.1 years. Majority (57.4%) were females. Prevalence of smoking and alcohol intake were 4.3% and 26.7% respectively. 59.7% and 71.5% of males and females were either overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/$ m^{2} $) or obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/$ m^{2} $) respectively. Prevalence of hypertension was 28.2% in all subjects, 30.9% in males and 26.3% in females, p < 0.001. Using BP > 130/80 mmHg prevalence of hypertension was 55.1%. Diabetes was detected in 3% of the subjects while 45.3% had hypercholesterolaemia. In total, 64.1% of the subjects were diagnosed with CVD risk factors for the first time. Conclusion Opportunistic screening for CVD risk factors is possible in community pharmacies and has the ability to detect previously undiagnosed risk factors. This community pharmacy based model could serve as a cost-effective approach to primary prevention of CVD. Community pharmacy (dpeaa)DE-He213 CVD risk factors (dpeaa)DE-He213 CVD screening (dpeaa)DE-He213 Feasibility (dpeaa)DE-He213 Lawal, Folasade verfasserin aut Ajiboye, Wale verfasserin aut Agbim, Rosarii verfasserin aut Mbakwem, Amam verfasserin aut Ajuluchukwu, Jayne verfasserin aut Oke, David A. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Pharmacy world & science Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V., 1979 42(2020), 6 vom: 22. Sept., Seite 1469-1479 (DE-627)320474054 (DE-600)2008911-9 1573-739X nnns volume:42 year:2020 number:6 day:22 month:09 pages:1469-1479 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-020-01112-2 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OPC-PHA SSG-OPC-ASE GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 44.40 ASE AR 42 2020 6 22 09 1469-1479 |
| allfieldsSound |
10.1007/s11096-020-01112-2 doi (DE-627)SPR041731174 (SPR)s11096-020-01112-2-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 ASE 44.40 bkl Amadi, Casmir verfasserin aut Opportunistic screening of cardiovascular disease risk factors in community pharmacies in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Background Early identification and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors through screening are crucial in the primary prevention of CVD and reduction in healthcare-related costs. Use of Non-Physician Healthcare-workers including Community Pharmacists has been advocated as an effective and cost-efficient model of healthcare delivery. In Nigeria the use of community pharmacists for mass screening of CVD risk factors has not been explored. Objective We sought to investigate the possibility of mass CVD risk factor screening in community pharmacies by pharmacists. Setting Lagos, Nigeria. Methods Between October and December 2018 eight hundred and eighty-nine apparently healthy participants were screened for obesity, hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolaemia in ten community pharmacies. Diabetes and hypercholesterolaemia were screened for using point-of-care testing modalities. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain the socio-demographic data of the participants. Main outcome measures Prevalence of overweight/obesity, hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia, smoking and alcohol intake. Results Mean age of the subjects was 56.8 ± 21.1 years. Majority (57.4%) were females. Prevalence of smoking and alcohol intake were 4.3% and 26.7% respectively. 59.7% and 71.5% of males and females were either overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/$ m^{2} $) or obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/$ m^{2} $) respectively. Prevalence of hypertension was 28.2% in all subjects, 30.9% in males and 26.3% in females, p < 0.001. Using BP > 130/80 mmHg prevalence of hypertension was 55.1%. Diabetes was detected in 3% of the subjects while 45.3% had hypercholesterolaemia. In total, 64.1% of the subjects were diagnosed with CVD risk factors for the first time. Conclusion Opportunistic screening for CVD risk factors is possible in community pharmacies and has the ability to detect previously undiagnosed risk factors. This community pharmacy based model could serve as a cost-effective approach to primary prevention of CVD. Community pharmacy (dpeaa)DE-He213 CVD risk factors (dpeaa)DE-He213 CVD screening (dpeaa)DE-He213 Feasibility (dpeaa)DE-He213 Lawal, Folasade verfasserin aut Ajiboye, Wale verfasserin aut Agbim, Rosarii verfasserin aut Mbakwem, Amam verfasserin aut Ajuluchukwu, Jayne verfasserin aut Oke, David A. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Pharmacy world & science Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V., 1979 42(2020), 6 vom: 22. Sept., Seite 1469-1479 (DE-627)320474054 (DE-600)2008911-9 1573-739X nnns volume:42 year:2020 number:6 day:22 month:09 pages:1469-1479 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-020-01112-2 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OPC-PHA SSG-OPC-ASE GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 44.40 ASE AR 42 2020 6 22 09 1469-1479 |
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Amadi, Casmir @@aut@@ Lawal, Folasade @@aut@@ Ajiboye, Wale @@aut@@ Agbim, Rosarii @@aut@@ Mbakwem, Amam @@aut@@ Ajuluchukwu, Jayne @@aut@@ Oke, David A. @@aut@@ |
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Use of Non-Physician Healthcare-workers including Community Pharmacists has been advocated as an effective and cost-efficient model of healthcare delivery. In Nigeria the use of community pharmacists for mass screening of CVD risk factors has not been explored. Objective We sought to investigate the possibility of mass CVD risk factor screening in community pharmacies by pharmacists. Setting Lagos, Nigeria. Methods Between October and December 2018 eight hundred and eighty-nine apparently healthy participants were screened for obesity, hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolaemia in ten community pharmacies. Diabetes and hypercholesterolaemia were screened for using point-of-care testing modalities. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain the socio-demographic data of the participants. Main outcome measures Prevalence of overweight/obesity, hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia, smoking and alcohol intake. Results Mean age of the subjects was 56.8 ± 21.1 years. Majority (57.4%) were females. Prevalence of smoking and alcohol intake were 4.3% and 26.7% respectively. 59.7% and 71.5% of males and females were either overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/$ m^{2} $) or obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/$ m^{2} $) respectively. Prevalence of hypertension was 28.2% in all subjects, 30.9% in males and 26.3% in females, p < 0.001. Using BP > 130/80 mmHg prevalence of hypertension was 55.1%. Diabetes was detected in 3% of the subjects while 45.3% had hypercholesterolaemia. In total, 64.1% of the subjects were diagnosed with CVD risk factors for the first time. Conclusion Opportunistic screening for CVD risk factors is possible in community pharmacies and has the ability to detect previously undiagnosed risk factors. 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opportunistic screening of cardiovascular disease risk factors in community pharmacies in nigeria: a cross-sectional study |
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Opportunistic screening of cardiovascular disease risk factors in community pharmacies in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study |
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Abstract Background Early identification and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors through screening are crucial in the primary prevention of CVD and reduction in healthcare-related costs. Use of Non-Physician Healthcare-workers including Community Pharmacists has been advocated as an effective and cost-efficient model of healthcare delivery. In Nigeria the use of community pharmacists for mass screening of CVD risk factors has not been explored. Objective We sought to investigate the possibility of mass CVD risk factor screening in community pharmacies by pharmacists. Setting Lagos, Nigeria. Methods Between October and December 2018 eight hundred and eighty-nine apparently healthy participants were screened for obesity, hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolaemia in ten community pharmacies. Diabetes and hypercholesterolaemia were screened for using point-of-care testing modalities. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain the socio-demographic data of the participants. Main outcome measures Prevalence of overweight/obesity, hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia, smoking and alcohol intake. Results Mean age of the subjects was 56.8 ± 21.1 years. Majority (57.4%) were females. Prevalence of smoking and alcohol intake were 4.3% and 26.7% respectively. 59.7% and 71.5% of males and females were either overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/$ m^{2} $) or obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/$ m^{2} $) respectively. Prevalence of hypertension was 28.2% in all subjects, 30.9% in males and 26.3% in females, p < 0.001. Using BP > 130/80 mmHg prevalence of hypertension was 55.1%. Diabetes was detected in 3% of the subjects while 45.3% had hypercholesterolaemia. In total, 64.1% of the subjects were diagnosed with CVD risk factors for the first time. Conclusion Opportunistic screening for CVD risk factors is possible in community pharmacies and has the ability to detect previously undiagnosed risk factors. This community pharmacy based model could serve as a cost-effective approach to primary prevention of CVD. |
| abstractGer |
Abstract Background Early identification and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors through screening are crucial in the primary prevention of CVD and reduction in healthcare-related costs. Use of Non-Physician Healthcare-workers including Community Pharmacists has been advocated as an effective and cost-efficient model of healthcare delivery. In Nigeria the use of community pharmacists for mass screening of CVD risk factors has not been explored. Objective We sought to investigate the possibility of mass CVD risk factor screening in community pharmacies by pharmacists. Setting Lagos, Nigeria. Methods Between October and December 2018 eight hundred and eighty-nine apparently healthy participants were screened for obesity, hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolaemia in ten community pharmacies. Diabetes and hypercholesterolaemia were screened for using point-of-care testing modalities. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain the socio-demographic data of the participants. Main outcome measures Prevalence of overweight/obesity, hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia, smoking and alcohol intake. Results Mean age of the subjects was 56.8 ± 21.1 years. Majority (57.4%) were females. Prevalence of smoking and alcohol intake were 4.3% and 26.7% respectively. 59.7% and 71.5% of males and females were either overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/$ m^{2} $) or obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/$ m^{2} $) respectively. Prevalence of hypertension was 28.2% in all subjects, 30.9% in males and 26.3% in females, p < 0.001. Using BP > 130/80 mmHg prevalence of hypertension was 55.1%. Diabetes was detected in 3% of the subjects while 45.3% had hypercholesterolaemia. In total, 64.1% of the subjects were diagnosed with CVD risk factors for the first time. Conclusion Opportunistic screening for CVD risk factors is possible in community pharmacies and has the ability to detect previously undiagnosed risk factors. This community pharmacy based model could serve as a cost-effective approach to primary prevention of CVD. |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Abstract Background Early identification and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors through screening are crucial in the primary prevention of CVD and reduction in healthcare-related costs. Use of Non-Physician Healthcare-workers including Community Pharmacists has been advocated as an effective and cost-efficient model of healthcare delivery. In Nigeria the use of community pharmacists for mass screening of CVD risk factors has not been explored. Objective We sought to investigate the possibility of mass CVD risk factor screening in community pharmacies by pharmacists. Setting Lagos, Nigeria. Methods Between October and December 2018 eight hundred and eighty-nine apparently healthy participants were screened for obesity, hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolaemia in ten community pharmacies. Diabetes and hypercholesterolaemia were screened for using point-of-care testing modalities. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain the socio-demographic data of the participants. Main outcome measures Prevalence of overweight/obesity, hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia, smoking and alcohol intake. Results Mean age of the subjects was 56.8 ± 21.1 years. Majority (57.4%) were females. Prevalence of smoking and alcohol intake were 4.3% and 26.7% respectively. 59.7% and 71.5% of males and females were either overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/$ m^{2} $) or obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/$ m^{2} $) respectively. Prevalence of hypertension was 28.2% in all subjects, 30.9% in males and 26.3% in females, p < 0.001. Using BP > 130/80 mmHg prevalence of hypertension was 55.1%. Diabetes was detected in 3% of the subjects while 45.3% had hypercholesterolaemia. In total, 64.1% of the subjects were diagnosed with CVD risk factors for the first time. Conclusion Opportunistic screening for CVD risk factors is possible in community pharmacies and has the ability to detect previously undiagnosed risk factors. This community pharmacy based model could serve as a cost-effective approach to primary prevention of CVD. |
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Use of Non-Physician Healthcare-workers including Community Pharmacists has been advocated as an effective and cost-efficient model of healthcare delivery. In Nigeria the use of community pharmacists for mass screening of CVD risk factors has not been explored. Objective We sought to investigate the possibility of mass CVD risk factor screening in community pharmacies by pharmacists. Setting Lagos, Nigeria. Methods Between October and December 2018 eight hundred and eighty-nine apparently healthy participants were screened for obesity, hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolaemia in ten community pharmacies. Diabetes and hypercholesterolaemia were screened for using point-of-care testing modalities. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain the socio-demographic data of the participants. Main outcome measures Prevalence of overweight/obesity, hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia, smoking and alcohol intake. Results Mean age of the subjects was 56.8 ± 21.1 years. Majority (57.4%) were females. Prevalence of smoking and alcohol intake were 4.3% and 26.7% respectively. 59.7% and 71.5% of males and females were either overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/$ m^{2} $) or obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/$ m^{2} $) respectively. Prevalence of hypertension was 28.2% in all subjects, 30.9% in males and 26.3% in females, p < 0.001. Using BP > 130/80 mmHg prevalence of hypertension was 55.1%. Diabetes was detected in 3% of the subjects while 45.3% had hypercholesterolaemia. In total, 64.1% of the subjects were diagnosed with CVD risk factors for the first time. Conclusion Opportunistic screening for CVD risk factors is possible in community pharmacies and has the ability to detect previously undiagnosed risk factors. 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