Single-tree crown shape and crown volume models for Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold in central Italy

Key message The crown volume of Pinus nigra trees can be modelled as a function of the total crown length and the crown radius at crown base to support forest management practices. Context The crown volume of trees is rarely considered in forest management practices and is often approximated to a si...
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Autor*in:	Di Salvatore, Umberto [verfasserIn] Marchi, Maurizio Cantiani, Paolo

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2021

Schlagwörter:	Forest management Silviculture Forest ecology Planted forest Tree modelling

Anmerkung:	© INRAE and Springer-Verlag France SAS, part of Springer Nature 2021

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Annals of forest science - Paris : Springer, 1999, 78(2021), 3 vom: Sept.
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:78 ; year:2021 ; number:3 ; month:09

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1007/s13595-021-01099-4

Katalog-ID:	SPR045010447

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520			\|a Key message The crown volume of Pinus nigra trees can be modelled as a function of the total crown length and the crown radius at crown base to support forest management practices. Context The crown volume of trees is rarely considered in forest management practices and is often approximated to a simple cone or paraboloid whose volume can be broadly derived from costly measurements. Aims We developed two equations to predict single-tree crown volumes for Pinus nigra plantations in Italy based on the analysis of a database with 3578 trees. Methods Two key crown parameters (total length of the crown and crown radius at crown base) were here modelled using directly measurable mensurational data using Generalise Additive Mixed-effect Model. Afterwards, two functions were then proposed to predict single-tree crown volumes. Results The fitted models were statistically significant and explaining 57.6% for crown radius at crown base and 87.1% for crown length of the total variance. The power model for single-tree crown volumes calculation showed a mean absolute error around 4.1 $ m^{3} $ for the upper portion of the crown and 12.1 $ m^{3} $ for the lower part for a mean absolute relative error of 12.5% and 32.0% respectively for a global value of 16.4%. Conclusion Single-tree and stand-level data are fundamental to balance forest management trajectories. The provided functions may be used in external dataset to derive indication on the single-tree or stand-level crown volume to be used as indicators of ground coverage.
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allfields	10.1007/s13595-021-01099-4 doi (DE-627)SPR045010447 (SPR)s13595-021-01099-4-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Di Salvatore, Umberto verfasserin aut Single-tree crown shape and crown volume models for Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold in central Italy 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © INRAE and Springer-Verlag France SAS, part of Springer Nature 2021 Key message The crown volume of Pinus nigra trees can be modelled as a function of the total crown length and the crown radius at crown base to support forest management practices. Context The crown volume of trees is rarely considered in forest management practices and is often approximated to a simple cone or paraboloid whose volume can be broadly derived from costly measurements. Aims We developed two equations to predict single-tree crown volumes for Pinus nigra plantations in Italy based on the analysis of a database with 3578 trees. Methods Two key crown parameters (total length of the crown and crown radius at crown base) were here modelled using directly measurable mensurational data using Generalise Additive Mixed-effect Model. Afterwards, two functions were then proposed to predict single-tree crown volumes. Results The fitted models were statistically significant and explaining 57.6% for crown radius at crown base and 87.1% for crown length of the total variance. The power model for single-tree crown volumes calculation showed a mean absolute error around 4.1 $ m^{3} $ for the upper portion of the crown and 12.1 $ m^{3} $ for the lower part for a mean absolute relative error of 12.5% and 32.0% respectively for a global value of 16.4%. Conclusion Single-tree and stand-level data are fundamental to balance forest management trajectories. The provided functions may be used in external dataset to derive indication on the single-tree or stand-level crown volume to be used as indicators of ground coverage. Forest management (dpeaa)DE-He213 Silviculture (dpeaa)DE-He213 Forest ecology (dpeaa)DE-He213 Planted forest (dpeaa)DE-He213 Tree modelling (dpeaa)DE-He213 Marchi, Maurizio (orcid)0000-0002-6134-1744 aut Cantiani, Paolo aut Enthalten in Annals of forest science Paris : Springer, 1999 78(2021), 3 vom: Sept. (DE-627)312842457 (DE-600)2012340-1 1297-966X nnns volume:78 year:2021 number:3 month:09 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13595-021-01099-4 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 78 2021 3 09
spelling	10.1007/s13595-021-01099-4 doi (DE-627)SPR045010447 (SPR)s13595-021-01099-4-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Di Salvatore, Umberto verfasserin aut Single-tree crown shape and crown volume models for Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold in central Italy 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © INRAE and Springer-Verlag France SAS, part of Springer Nature 2021 Key message The crown volume of Pinus nigra trees can be modelled as a function of the total crown length and the crown radius at crown base to support forest management practices. Context The crown volume of trees is rarely considered in forest management practices and is often approximated to a simple cone or paraboloid whose volume can be broadly derived from costly measurements. Aims We developed two equations to predict single-tree crown volumes for Pinus nigra plantations in Italy based on the analysis of a database with 3578 trees. Methods Two key crown parameters (total length of the crown and crown radius at crown base) were here modelled using directly measurable mensurational data using Generalise Additive Mixed-effect Model. Afterwards, two functions were then proposed to predict single-tree crown volumes. Results The fitted models were statistically significant and explaining 57.6% for crown radius at crown base and 87.1% for crown length of the total variance. The power model for single-tree crown volumes calculation showed a mean absolute error around 4.1 $ m^{3} $ for the upper portion of the crown and 12.1 $ m^{3} $ for the lower part for a mean absolute relative error of 12.5% and 32.0% respectively for a global value of 16.4%. Conclusion Single-tree and stand-level data are fundamental to balance forest management trajectories. The provided functions may be used in external dataset to derive indication on the single-tree or stand-level crown volume to be used as indicators of ground coverage. Forest management (dpeaa)DE-He213 Silviculture (dpeaa)DE-He213 Forest ecology (dpeaa)DE-He213 Planted forest (dpeaa)DE-He213 Tree modelling (dpeaa)DE-He213 Marchi, Maurizio (orcid)0000-0002-6134-1744 aut Cantiani, Paolo aut Enthalten in Annals of forest science Paris : Springer, 1999 78(2021), 3 vom: Sept. (DE-627)312842457 (DE-600)2012340-1 1297-966X nnns volume:78 year:2021 number:3 month:09 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13595-021-01099-4 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 78 2021 3 09
allfields_unstemmed	10.1007/s13595-021-01099-4 doi (DE-627)SPR045010447 (SPR)s13595-021-01099-4-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Di Salvatore, Umberto verfasserin aut Single-tree crown shape and crown volume models for Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold in central Italy 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © INRAE and Springer-Verlag France SAS, part of Springer Nature 2021 Key message The crown volume of Pinus nigra trees can be modelled as a function of the total crown length and the crown radius at crown base to support forest management practices. Context The crown volume of trees is rarely considered in forest management practices and is often approximated to a simple cone or paraboloid whose volume can be broadly derived from costly measurements. Aims We developed two equations to predict single-tree crown volumes for Pinus nigra plantations in Italy based on the analysis of a database with 3578 trees. Methods Two key crown parameters (total length of the crown and crown radius at crown base) were here modelled using directly measurable mensurational data using Generalise Additive Mixed-effect Model. Afterwards, two functions were then proposed to predict single-tree crown volumes. Results The fitted models were statistically significant and explaining 57.6% for crown radius at crown base and 87.1% for crown length of the total variance. The power model for single-tree crown volumes calculation showed a mean absolute error around 4.1 $ m^{3} $ for the upper portion of the crown and 12.1 $ m^{3} $ for the lower part for a mean absolute relative error of 12.5% and 32.0% respectively for a global value of 16.4%. Conclusion Single-tree and stand-level data are fundamental to balance forest management trajectories. The provided functions may be used in external dataset to derive indication on the single-tree or stand-level crown volume to be used as indicators of ground coverage. Forest management (dpeaa)DE-He213 Silviculture (dpeaa)DE-He213 Forest ecology (dpeaa)DE-He213 Planted forest (dpeaa)DE-He213 Tree modelling (dpeaa)DE-He213 Marchi, Maurizio (orcid)0000-0002-6134-1744 aut Cantiani, Paolo aut Enthalten in Annals of forest science Paris : Springer, 1999 78(2021), 3 vom: Sept. (DE-627)312842457 (DE-600)2012340-1 1297-966X nnns volume:78 year:2021 number:3 month:09 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13595-021-01099-4 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 78 2021 3 09
allfieldsGer	10.1007/s13595-021-01099-4 doi (DE-627)SPR045010447 (SPR)s13595-021-01099-4-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Di Salvatore, Umberto verfasserin aut Single-tree crown shape and crown volume models for Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold in central Italy 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © INRAE and Springer-Verlag France SAS, part of Springer Nature 2021 Key message The crown volume of Pinus nigra trees can be modelled as a function of the total crown length and the crown radius at crown base to support forest management practices. Context The crown volume of trees is rarely considered in forest management practices and is often approximated to a simple cone or paraboloid whose volume can be broadly derived from costly measurements. Aims We developed two equations to predict single-tree crown volumes for Pinus nigra plantations in Italy based on the analysis of a database with 3578 trees. Methods Two key crown parameters (total length of the crown and crown radius at crown base) were here modelled using directly measurable mensurational data using Generalise Additive Mixed-effect Model. Afterwards, two functions were then proposed to predict single-tree crown volumes. Results The fitted models were statistically significant and explaining 57.6% for crown radius at crown base and 87.1% for crown length of the total variance. The power model for single-tree crown volumes calculation showed a mean absolute error around 4.1 $ m^{3} $ for the upper portion of the crown and 12.1 $ m^{3} $ for the lower part for a mean absolute relative error of 12.5% and 32.0% respectively for a global value of 16.4%. Conclusion Single-tree and stand-level data are fundamental to balance forest management trajectories. The provided functions may be used in external dataset to derive indication on the single-tree or stand-level crown volume to be used as indicators of ground coverage. Forest management (dpeaa)DE-He213 Silviculture (dpeaa)DE-He213 Forest ecology (dpeaa)DE-He213 Planted forest (dpeaa)DE-He213 Tree modelling (dpeaa)DE-He213 Marchi, Maurizio (orcid)0000-0002-6134-1744 aut Cantiani, Paolo aut Enthalten in Annals of forest science Paris : Springer, 1999 78(2021), 3 vom: Sept. (DE-627)312842457 (DE-600)2012340-1 1297-966X nnns volume:78 year:2021 number:3 month:09 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13595-021-01099-4 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 78 2021 3 09
allfieldsSound	10.1007/s13595-021-01099-4 doi (DE-627)SPR045010447 (SPR)s13595-021-01099-4-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Di Salvatore, Umberto verfasserin aut Single-tree crown shape and crown volume models for Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold in central Italy 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © INRAE and Springer-Verlag France SAS, part of Springer Nature 2021 Key message The crown volume of Pinus nigra trees can be modelled as a function of the total crown length and the crown radius at crown base to support forest management practices. Context The crown volume of trees is rarely considered in forest management practices and is often approximated to a simple cone or paraboloid whose volume can be broadly derived from costly measurements. Aims We developed two equations to predict single-tree crown volumes for Pinus nigra plantations in Italy based on the analysis of a database with 3578 trees. Methods Two key crown parameters (total length of the crown and crown radius at crown base) were here modelled using directly measurable mensurational data using Generalise Additive Mixed-effect Model. Afterwards, two functions were then proposed to predict single-tree crown volumes. Results The fitted models were statistically significant and explaining 57.6% for crown radius at crown base and 87.1% for crown length of the total variance. The power model for single-tree crown volumes calculation showed a mean absolute error around 4.1 $ m^{3} $ for the upper portion of the crown and 12.1 $ m^{3} $ for the lower part for a mean absolute relative error of 12.5% and 32.0% respectively for a global value of 16.4%. Conclusion Single-tree and stand-level data are fundamental to balance forest management trajectories. The provided functions may be used in external dataset to derive indication on the single-tree or stand-level crown volume to be used as indicators of ground coverage. Forest management (dpeaa)DE-He213 Silviculture (dpeaa)DE-He213 Forest ecology (dpeaa)DE-He213 Planted forest (dpeaa)DE-He213 Tree modelling (dpeaa)DE-He213 Marchi, Maurizio (orcid)0000-0002-6134-1744 aut Cantiani, Paolo aut Enthalten in Annals of forest science Paris : Springer, 1999 78(2021), 3 vom: Sept. (DE-627)312842457 (DE-600)2012340-1 1297-966X nnns volume:78 year:2021 number:3 month:09 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13595-021-01099-4 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 78 2021 3 09
language	English
source	Enthalten in Annals of forest science 78(2021), 3 vom: Sept. volume:78 year:2021 number:3 month:09
sourceStr	Enthalten in Annals of forest science 78(2021), 3 vom: Sept. volume:78 year:2021 number:3 month:09
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	Forest management Silviculture Forest ecology Planted forest Tree modelling
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container_title	Annals of forest science
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Di Salvatore, Umberto @@aut@@ Marchi, Maurizio @@aut@@ Cantiani, Paolo @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2021-09-01T00:00:00Z
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F. Arnold in central Italy</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2021</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Computermedien</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Online-Ressource</subfield><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">© INRAE and Springer-Verlag France SAS, part of Springer Nature 2021</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Key message The crown volume of Pinus nigra trees can be modelled as a function of the total crown length and the crown radius at crown base to support forest management practices. Context The crown volume of trees is rarely considered in forest management practices and is often approximated to a simple cone or paraboloid whose volume can be broadly derived from costly measurements. Aims We developed two equations to predict single-tree crown volumes for Pinus nigra plantations in Italy based on the analysis of a database with 3578 trees. Methods Two key crown parameters (total length of the crown and crown radius at crown base) were here modelled using directly measurable mensurational data using Generalise Additive Mixed-effect Model. Afterwards, two functions were then proposed to predict single-tree crown volumes. Results The fitted models were statistically significant and explaining 57.6% for crown radius at crown base and 87.1% for crown length of the total variance. The power model for single-tree crown volumes calculation showed a mean absolute error around 4.1 $ m^{3} $ for the upper portion of the crown and 12.1 $ m^{3} $ for the lower part for a mean absolute relative error of 12.5% and 32.0% respectively for a global value of 16.4%. Conclusion Single-tree and stand-level data are fundamental to balance forest management trajectories. 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author	Di Salvatore, Umberto
spellingShingle	Di Salvatore, Umberto misc Forest management misc Silviculture misc Forest ecology misc Planted forest misc Tree modelling Single-tree crown shape and crown volume models for Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold in central Italy
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topic_title	Single-tree crown shape and crown volume models for Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold in central Italy Forest management (dpeaa)DE-He213 Silviculture (dpeaa)DE-He213 Forest ecology (dpeaa)DE-He213 Planted forest (dpeaa)DE-He213 Tree modelling (dpeaa)DE-He213
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title	Single-tree crown shape and crown volume models for Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold in central Italy
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title_sort	single-tree crown shape and crown volume models for pinus nigra j. f. arnold in central italy
title_auth	Single-tree crown shape and crown volume models for Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold in central Italy
abstract	Key message The crown volume of Pinus nigra trees can be modelled as a function of the total crown length and the crown radius at crown base to support forest management practices. Context The crown volume of trees is rarely considered in forest management practices and is often approximated to a simple cone or paraboloid whose volume can be broadly derived from costly measurements. Aims We developed two equations to predict single-tree crown volumes for Pinus nigra plantations in Italy based on the analysis of a database with 3578 trees. Methods Two key crown parameters (total length of the crown and crown radius at crown base) were here modelled using directly measurable mensurational data using Generalise Additive Mixed-effect Model. Afterwards, two functions were then proposed to predict single-tree crown volumes. Results The fitted models were statistically significant and explaining 57.6% for crown radius at crown base and 87.1% for crown length of the total variance. The power model for single-tree crown volumes calculation showed a mean absolute error around 4.1 $ m^{3} $ for the upper portion of the crown and 12.1 $ m^{3} $ for the lower part for a mean absolute relative error of 12.5% and 32.0% respectively for a global value of 16.4%. Conclusion Single-tree and stand-level data are fundamental to balance forest management trajectories. The provided functions may be used in external dataset to derive indication on the single-tree or stand-level crown volume to be used as indicators of ground coverage. © INRAE and Springer-Verlag France SAS, part of Springer Nature 2021
abstractGer	Key message The crown volume of Pinus nigra trees can be modelled as a function of the total crown length and the crown radius at crown base to support forest management practices. Context The crown volume of trees is rarely considered in forest management practices and is often approximated to a simple cone or paraboloid whose volume can be broadly derived from costly measurements. Aims We developed two equations to predict single-tree crown volumes for Pinus nigra plantations in Italy based on the analysis of a database with 3578 trees. Methods Two key crown parameters (total length of the crown and crown radius at crown base) were here modelled using directly measurable mensurational data using Generalise Additive Mixed-effect Model. Afterwards, two functions were then proposed to predict single-tree crown volumes. Results The fitted models were statistically significant and explaining 57.6% for crown radius at crown base and 87.1% for crown length of the total variance. The power model for single-tree crown volumes calculation showed a mean absolute error around 4.1 $ m^{3} $ for the upper portion of the crown and 12.1 $ m^{3} $ for the lower part for a mean absolute relative error of 12.5% and 32.0% respectively for a global value of 16.4%. Conclusion Single-tree and stand-level data are fundamental to balance forest management trajectories. The provided functions may be used in external dataset to derive indication on the single-tree or stand-level crown volume to be used as indicators of ground coverage. © INRAE and Springer-Verlag France SAS, part of Springer Nature 2021
abstract_unstemmed	Key message The crown volume of Pinus nigra trees can be modelled as a function of the total crown length and the crown radius at crown base to support forest management practices. Context The crown volume of trees is rarely considered in forest management practices and is often approximated to a simple cone or paraboloid whose volume can be broadly derived from costly measurements. Aims We developed two equations to predict single-tree crown volumes for Pinus nigra plantations in Italy based on the analysis of a database with 3578 trees. Methods Two key crown parameters (total length of the crown and crown radius at crown base) were here modelled using directly measurable mensurational data using Generalise Additive Mixed-effect Model. Afterwards, two functions were then proposed to predict single-tree crown volumes. Results The fitted models were statistically significant and explaining 57.6% for crown radius at crown base and 87.1% for crown length of the total variance. The power model for single-tree crown volumes calculation showed a mean absolute error around 4.1 $ m^{3} $ for the upper portion of the crown and 12.1 $ m^{3} $ for the lower part for a mean absolute relative error of 12.5% and 32.0% respectively for a global value of 16.4%. Conclusion Single-tree and stand-level data are fundamental to balance forest management trajectories. The provided functions may be used in external dataset to derive indication on the single-tree or stand-level crown volume to be used as indicators of ground coverage. © INRAE and Springer-Verlag France SAS, part of Springer Nature 2021
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title_short	Single-tree crown shape and crown volume models for Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold in central Italy
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Single-tree crown shape and crown volume models for Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold in central Italy

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