Extraction of Scandium from Critical Elements-Bearing Mining Waste: Silica Gel Avoiding in Leaching Reaction of Bauxite Residue
Scandium is one of the most valuable rare-earth elements, and its extraction is centralized in China. For this reason, the search for new scandium sources is required to supply the demand. Bauxite residue is considered a secondary scandium resource. It has estimated around 4 billion tons of bauxite...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Botelho Junior, Amilton Barbosa [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2021 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Anmerkung: |
© The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 2021 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Journal of sustainable metallurgy - Berlin : Springer, 2015, 7(2021), 4 vom: 14. Sept., Seite 1627-1642 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:7 ; year:2021 ; number:4 ; day:14 ; month:09 ; pages:1627-1642 |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1007/s40831-021-00434-3 |
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SPR045793093 |
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| 520 | |a Scandium is one of the most valuable rare-earth elements, and its extraction is centralized in China. For this reason, the search for new scandium sources is required to supply the demand. Bauxite residue is considered a secondary scandium resource. It has estimated around 4 billion tons of bauxite residue worldwide with 20–200 mg/kg of scandium. The hydrometallurgical route is considered advantageous due to its low content. However, the acid leaching generates silica gel reducing the extraction rate and making the solid/liquid separation difficult. $ H_{2} %$ O_{2} $ can be used to avoid its synthesis, and the parameters during the leaching must be explored. Despite the studies in the literature about scandium extraction from bauxite residue, there is a lack of investigation about suppressing the synthesis of silica gel in the acid reaction. The present study aimed at the scandium extraction from bauxite residue by $ H_{2} %$ SO_{4} $ and $ H_{3} %$ PO_{4} $ leaching. The use of $ H_{2} %$ O_{2} $ was evaluated to avoid silica gel formation. The effect of time, temperature, and acid concentration was evaluated. Results showed that scandium extraction is directly related to iron extraction. The $ H_{2} %$ O_{2} $ contributed to silicon oxide formation during the acid reaction but declined scandium extraction by half. The leaching rate increased from 25 to 90 °C achieving 99% for iron and aluminum and 91% for scandium. The increase of $ H_{2} %$ SO_{4} $ concentration increased the titanium leaching. The leaching of metals using $ H_{3} %$ PO_{4} $ was similar to $ H_{2} %$ SO_{4} $ leaching. Moreover, the extractive process focused on near-zero-waste generation is essential to avoid waste stored in dams. Graphical Abstract | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Leaching |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Bauxite residue |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Red mud |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Sustainability |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Espinosa, Denise Crocce Romano |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Tenório, Jorge Alberto Soares |4 aut | |
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10.1007/s40831-021-00434-3 doi (DE-627)SPR045793093 (SPR)s40831-021-00434-3-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Botelho Junior, Amilton Barbosa verfasserin (orcid)0000-0002-3421-6286 aut Extraction of Scandium from Critical Elements-Bearing Mining Waste: Silica Gel Avoiding in Leaching Reaction of Bauxite Residue 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 2021 Scandium is one of the most valuable rare-earth elements, and its extraction is centralized in China. For this reason, the search for new scandium sources is required to supply the demand. Bauxite residue is considered a secondary scandium resource. It has estimated around 4 billion tons of bauxite residue worldwide with 20–200 mg/kg of scandium. The hydrometallurgical route is considered advantageous due to its low content. However, the acid leaching generates silica gel reducing the extraction rate and making the solid/liquid separation difficult. $ H_{2} %$ O_{2} $ can be used to avoid its synthesis, and the parameters during the leaching must be explored. Despite the studies in the literature about scandium extraction from bauxite residue, there is a lack of investigation about suppressing the synthesis of silica gel in the acid reaction. The present study aimed at the scandium extraction from bauxite residue by $ H_{2} %$ SO_{4} $ and $ H_{3} %$ PO_{4} $ leaching. The use of $ H_{2} %$ O_{2} $ was evaluated to avoid silica gel formation. The effect of time, temperature, and acid concentration was evaluated. Results showed that scandium extraction is directly related to iron extraction. The $ H_{2} %$ O_{2} $ contributed to silicon oxide formation during the acid reaction but declined scandium extraction by half. The leaching rate increased from 25 to 90 °C achieving 99% for iron and aluminum and 91% for scandium. The increase of $ H_{2} %$ SO_{4} $ concentration increased the titanium leaching. The leaching of metals using $ H_{3} %$ PO_{4} $ was similar to $ H_{2} %$ SO_{4} $ leaching. Moreover, the extractive process focused on near-zero-waste generation is essential to avoid waste stored in dams. Graphical Abstract Leaching (dpeaa)DE-He213 Bauxite residue (dpeaa)DE-He213 Red mud (dpeaa)DE-He213 Sustainability (dpeaa)DE-He213 Espinosa, Denise Crocce Romano aut Tenório, Jorge Alberto Soares aut Enthalten in Journal of sustainable metallurgy Berlin : Springer, 2015 7(2021), 4 vom: 14. Sept., Seite 1627-1642 (DE-627)817362541 (DE-600)2808817-7 2199-3831 nnns volume:7 year:2021 number:4 day:14 month:09 pages:1627-1642 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40831-021-00434-3 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 7 2021 4 14 09 1627-1642 |
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10.1007/s40831-021-00434-3 doi (DE-627)SPR045793093 (SPR)s40831-021-00434-3-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Botelho Junior, Amilton Barbosa verfasserin (orcid)0000-0002-3421-6286 aut Extraction of Scandium from Critical Elements-Bearing Mining Waste: Silica Gel Avoiding in Leaching Reaction of Bauxite Residue 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 2021 Scandium is one of the most valuable rare-earth elements, and its extraction is centralized in China. For this reason, the search for new scandium sources is required to supply the demand. Bauxite residue is considered a secondary scandium resource. It has estimated around 4 billion tons of bauxite residue worldwide with 20–200 mg/kg of scandium. The hydrometallurgical route is considered advantageous due to its low content. However, the acid leaching generates silica gel reducing the extraction rate and making the solid/liquid separation difficult. $ H_{2} %$ O_{2} $ can be used to avoid its synthesis, and the parameters during the leaching must be explored. Despite the studies in the literature about scandium extraction from bauxite residue, there is a lack of investigation about suppressing the synthesis of silica gel in the acid reaction. The present study aimed at the scandium extraction from bauxite residue by $ H_{2} %$ SO_{4} $ and $ H_{3} %$ PO_{4} $ leaching. The use of $ H_{2} %$ O_{2} $ was evaluated to avoid silica gel formation. The effect of time, temperature, and acid concentration was evaluated. Results showed that scandium extraction is directly related to iron extraction. The $ H_{2} %$ O_{2} $ contributed to silicon oxide formation during the acid reaction but declined scandium extraction by half. The leaching rate increased from 25 to 90 °C achieving 99% for iron and aluminum and 91% for scandium. The increase of $ H_{2} %$ SO_{4} $ concentration increased the titanium leaching. The leaching of metals using $ H_{3} %$ PO_{4} $ was similar to $ H_{2} %$ SO_{4} $ leaching. Moreover, the extractive process focused on near-zero-waste generation is essential to avoid waste stored in dams. Graphical Abstract Leaching (dpeaa)DE-He213 Bauxite residue (dpeaa)DE-He213 Red mud (dpeaa)DE-He213 Sustainability (dpeaa)DE-He213 Espinosa, Denise Crocce Romano aut Tenório, Jorge Alberto Soares aut Enthalten in Journal of sustainable metallurgy Berlin : Springer, 2015 7(2021), 4 vom: 14. Sept., Seite 1627-1642 (DE-627)817362541 (DE-600)2808817-7 2199-3831 nnns volume:7 year:2021 number:4 day:14 month:09 pages:1627-1642 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40831-021-00434-3 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 7 2021 4 14 09 1627-1642 |
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10.1007/s40831-021-00434-3 doi (DE-627)SPR045793093 (SPR)s40831-021-00434-3-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Botelho Junior, Amilton Barbosa verfasserin (orcid)0000-0002-3421-6286 aut Extraction of Scandium from Critical Elements-Bearing Mining Waste: Silica Gel Avoiding in Leaching Reaction of Bauxite Residue 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 2021 Scandium is one of the most valuable rare-earth elements, and its extraction is centralized in China. For this reason, the search for new scandium sources is required to supply the demand. Bauxite residue is considered a secondary scandium resource. It has estimated around 4 billion tons of bauxite residue worldwide with 20–200 mg/kg of scandium. The hydrometallurgical route is considered advantageous due to its low content. However, the acid leaching generates silica gel reducing the extraction rate and making the solid/liquid separation difficult. $ H_{2} %$ O_{2} $ can be used to avoid its synthesis, and the parameters during the leaching must be explored. Despite the studies in the literature about scandium extraction from bauxite residue, there is a lack of investigation about suppressing the synthesis of silica gel in the acid reaction. The present study aimed at the scandium extraction from bauxite residue by $ H_{2} %$ SO_{4} $ and $ H_{3} %$ PO_{4} $ leaching. The use of $ H_{2} %$ O_{2} $ was evaluated to avoid silica gel formation. The effect of time, temperature, and acid concentration was evaluated. Results showed that scandium extraction is directly related to iron extraction. The $ H_{2} %$ O_{2} $ contributed to silicon oxide formation during the acid reaction but declined scandium extraction by half. The leaching rate increased from 25 to 90 °C achieving 99% for iron and aluminum and 91% for scandium. The increase of $ H_{2} %$ SO_{4} $ concentration increased the titanium leaching. The leaching of metals using $ H_{3} %$ PO_{4} $ was similar to $ H_{2} %$ SO_{4} $ leaching. Moreover, the extractive process focused on near-zero-waste generation is essential to avoid waste stored in dams. Graphical Abstract Leaching (dpeaa)DE-He213 Bauxite residue (dpeaa)DE-He213 Red mud (dpeaa)DE-He213 Sustainability (dpeaa)DE-He213 Espinosa, Denise Crocce Romano aut Tenório, Jorge Alberto Soares aut Enthalten in Journal of sustainable metallurgy Berlin : Springer, 2015 7(2021), 4 vom: 14. Sept., Seite 1627-1642 (DE-627)817362541 (DE-600)2808817-7 2199-3831 nnns volume:7 year:2021 number:4 day:14 month:09 pages:1627-1642 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40831-021-00434-3 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 7 2021 4 14 09 1627-1642 |
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10.1007/s40831-021-00434-3 doi (DE-627)SPR045793093 (SPR)s40831-021-00434-3-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Botelho Junior, Amilton Barbosa verfasserin (orcid)0000-0002-3421-6286 aut Extraction of Scandium from Critical Elements-Bearing Mining Waste: Silica Gel Avoiding in Leaching Reaction of Bauxite Residue 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 2021 Scandium is one of the most valuable rare-earth elements, and its extraction is centralized in China. For this reason, the search for new scandium sources is required to supply the demand. Bauxite residue is considered a secondary scandium resource. It has estimated around 4 billion tons of bauxite residue worldwide with 20–200 mg/kg of scandium. The hydrometallurgical route is considered advantageous due to its low content. However, the acid leaching generates silica gel reducing the extraction rate and making the solid/liquid separation difficult. $ H_{2} %$ O_{2} $ can be used to avoid its synthesis, and the parameters during the leaching must be explored. Despite the studies in the literature about scandium extraction from bauxite residue, there is a lack of investigation about suppressing the synthesis of silica gel in the acid reaction. The present study aimed at the scandium extraction from bauxite residue by $ H_{2} %$ SO_{4} $ and $ H_{3} %$ PO_{4} $ leaching. The use of $ H_{2} %$ O_{2} $ was evaluated to avoid silica gel formation. The effect of time, temperature, and acid concentration was evaluated. Results showed that scandium extraction is directly related to iron extraction. The $ H_{2} %$ O_{2} $ contributed to silicon oxide formation during the acid reaction but declined scandium extraction by half. The leaching rate increased from 25 to 90 °C achieving 99% for iron and aluminum and 91% for scandium. The increase of $ H_{2} %$ SO_{4} $ concentration increased the titanium leaching. The leaching of metals using $ H_{3} %$ PO_{4} $ was similar to $ H_{2} %$ SO_{4} $ leaching. Moreover, the extractive process focused on near-zero-waste generation is essential to avoid waste stored in dams. Graphical Abstract Leaching (dpeaa)DE-He213 Bauxite residue (dpeaa)DE-He213 Red mud (dpeaa)DE-He213 Sustainability (dpeaa)DE-He213 Espinosa, Denise Crocce Romano aut Tenório, Jorge Alberto Soares aut Enthalten in Journal of sustainable metallurgy Berlin : Springer, 2015 7(2021), 4 vom: 14. Sept., Seite 1627-1642 (DE-627)817362541 (DE-600)2808817-7 2199-3831 nnns volume:7 year:2021 number:4 day:14 month:09 pages:1627-1642 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40831-021-00434-3 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 7 2021 4 14 09 1627-1642 |
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10.1007/s40831-021-00434-3 doi (DE-627)SPR045793093 (SPR)s40831-021-00434-3-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Botelho Junior, Amilton Barbosa verfasserin (orcid)0000-0002-3421-6286 aut Extraction of Scandium from Critical Elements-Bearing Mining Waste: Silica Gel Avoiding in Leaching Reaction of Bauxite Residue 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 2021 Scandium is one of the most valuable rare-earth elements, and its extraction is centralized in China. For this reason, the search for new scandium sources is required to supply the demand. Bauxite residue is considered a secondary scandium resource. It has estimated around 4 billion tons of bauxite residue worldwide with 20–200 mg/kg of scandium. The hydrometallurgical route is considered advantageous due to its low content. However, the acid leaching generates silica gel reducing the extraction rate and making the solid/liquid separation difficult. $ H_{2} %$ O_{2} $ can be used to avoid its synthesis, and the parameters during the leaching must be explored. Despite the studies in the literature about scandium extraction from bauxite residue, there is a lack of investigation about suppressing the synthesis of silica gel in the acid reaction. The present study aimed at the scandium extraction from bauxite residue by $ H_{2} %$ SO_{4} $ and $ H_{3} %$ PO_{4} $ leaching. The use of $ H_{2} %$ O_{2} $ was evaluated to avoid silica gel formation. The effect of time, temperature, and acid concentration was evaluated. Results showed that scandium extraction is directly related to iron extraction. The $ H_{2} %$ O_{2} $ contributed to silicon oxide formation during the acid reaction but declined scandium extraction by half. The leaching rate increased from 25 to 90 °C achieving 99% for iron and aluminum and 91% for scandium. The increase of $ H_{2} %$ SO_{4} $ concentration increased the titanium leaching. The leaching of metals using $ H_{3} %$ PO_{4} $ was similar to $ H_{2} %$ SO_{4} $ leaching. Moreover, the extractive process focused on near-zero-waste generation is essential to avoid waste stored in dams. Graphical Abstract Leaching (dpeaa)DE-He213 Bauxite residue (dpeaa)DE-He213 Red mud (dpeaa)DE-He213 Sustainability (dpeaa)DE-He213 Espinosa, Denise Crocce Romano aut Tenório, Jorge Alberto Soares aut Enthalten in Journal of sustainable metallurgy Berlin : Springer, 2015 7(2021), 4 vom: 14. Sept., Seite 1627-1642 (DE-627)817362541 (DE-600)2808817-7 2199-3831 nnns volume:7 year:2021 number:4 day:14 month:09 pages:1627-1642 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40831-021-00434-3 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 7 2021 4 14 09 1627-1642 |
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Enthalten in Journal of sustainable metallurgy 7(2021), 4 vom: 14. Sept., Seite 1627-1642 volume:7 year:2021 number:4 day:14 month:09 pages:1627-1642 |
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Botelho Junior, Amilton Barbosa @@aut@@ Espinosa, Denise Crocce Romano @@aut@@ Tenório, Jorge Alberto Soares @@aut@@ |
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For this reason, the search for new scandium sources is required to supply the demand. Bauxite residue is considered a secondary scandium resource. It has estimated around 4 billion tons of bauxite residue worldwide with 20–200 mg/kg of scandium. The hydrometallurgical route is considered advantageous due to its low content. However, the acid leaching generates silica gel reducing the extraction rate and making the solid/liquid separation difficult. $ H_{2} %$ O_{2} $ can be used to avoid its synthesis, and the parameters during the leaching must be explored. Despite the studies in the literature about scandium extraction from bauxite residue, there is a lack of investigation about suppressing the synthesis of silica gel in the acid reaction. The present study aimed at the scandium extraction from bauxite residue by $ H_{2} %$ SO_{4} $ and $ H_{3} %$ PO_{4} $ leaching. The use of $ H_{2} %$ O_{2} $ was evaluated to avoid silica gel formation. The effect of time, temperature, and acid concentration was evaluated. Results showed that scandium extraction is directly related to iron extraction. The $ H_{2} %$ O_{2} $ contributed to silicon oxide formation during the acid reaction but declined scandium extraction by half. The leaching rate increased from 25 to 90 °C achieving 99% for iron and aluminum and 91% for scandium. The increase of $ H_{2} %$ SO_{4} $ concentration increased the titanium leaching. The leaching of metals using $ H_{3} %$ PO_{4} $ was similar to $ H_{2} %$ SO_{4} $ leaching. Moreover, the extractive process focused on near-zero-waste generation is essential to avoid waste stored in dams. 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|
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Botelho Junior, Amilton Barbosa |
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Botelho Junior, Amilton Barbosa misc Leaching misc Bauxite residue misc Red mud misc Sustainability Extraction of Scandium from Critical Elements-Bearing Mining Waste: Silica Gel Avoiding in Leaching Reaction of Bauxite Residue |
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Extraction of Scandium from Critical Elements-Bearing Mining Waste: Silica Gel Avoiding in Leaching Reaction of Bauxite Residue Leaching (dpeaa)DE-He213 Bauxite residue (dpeaa)DE-He213 Red mud (dpeaa)DE-He213 Sustainability (dpeaa)DE-He213 |
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misc Leaching misc Bauxite residue misc Red mud misc Sustainability |
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misc Leaching misc Bauxite residue misc Red mud misc Sustainability |
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Extraction of Scandium from Critical Elements-Bearing Mining Waste: Silica Gel Avoiding in Leaching Reaction of Bauxite Residue |
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(DE-627)SPR045793093 (SPR)s40831-021-00434-3-e |
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Extraction of Scandium from Critical Elements-Bearing Mining Waste: Silica Gel Avoiding in Leaching Reaction of Bauxite Residue |
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Botelho Junior, Amilton Barbosa |
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Journal of sustainable metallurgy |
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Botelho Junior, Amilton Barbosa Espinosa, Denise Crocce Romano Tenório, Jorge Alberto Soares |
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extraction of scandium from critical elements-bearing mining waste: silica gel avoiding in leaching reaction of bauxite residue |
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Extraction of Scandium from Critical Elements-Bearing Mining Waste: Silica Gel Avoiding in Leaching Reaction of Bauxite Residue |
| abstract |
Scandium is one of the most valuable rare-earth elements, and its extraction is centralized in China. For this reason, the search for new scandium sources is required to supply the demand. Bauxite residue is considered a secondary scandium resource. It has estimated around 4 billion tons of bauxite residue worldwide with 20–200 mg/kg of scandium. The hydrometallurgical route is considered advantageous due to its low content. However, the acid leaching generates silica gel reducing the extraction rate and making the solid/liquid separation difficult. $ H_{2} %$ O_{2} $ can be used to avoid its synthesis, and the parameters during the leaching must be explored. Despite the studies in the literature about scandium extraction from bauxite residue, there is a lack of investigation about suppressing the synthesis of silica gel in the acid reaction. The present study aimed at the scandium extraction from bauxite residue by $ H_{2} %$ SO_{4} $ and $ H_{3} %$ PO_{4} $ leaching. The use of $ H_{2} %$ O_{2} $ was evaluated to avoid silica gel formation. The effect of time, temperature, and acid concentration was evaluated. Results showed that scandium extraction is directly related to iron extraction. The $ H_{2} %$ O_{2} $ contributed to silicon oxide formation during the acid reaction but declined scandium extraction by half. The leaching rate increased from 25 to 90 °C achieving 99% for iron and aluminum and 91% for scandium. The increase of $ H_{2} %$ SO_{4} $ concentration increased the titanium leaching. The leaching of metals using $ H_{3} %$ PO_{4} $ was similar to $ H_{2} %$ SO_{4} $ leaching. Moreover, the extractive process focused on near-zero-waste generation is essential to avoid waste stored in dams. Graphical Abstract © The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 2021 |
| abstractGer |
Scandium is one of the most valuable rare-earth elements, and its extraction is centralized in China. For this reason, the search for new scandium sources is required to supply the demand. Bauxite residue is considered a secondary scandium resource. It has estimated around 4 billion tons of bauxite residue worldwide with 20–200 mg/kg of scandium. The hydrometallurgical route is considered advantageous due to its low content. However, the acid leaching generates silica gel reducing the extraction rate and making the solid/liquid separation difficult. $ H_{2} %$ O_{2} $ can be used to avoid its synthesis, and the parameters during the leaching must be explored. Despite the studies in the literature about scandium extraction from bauxite residue, there is a lack of investigation about suppressing the synthesis of silica gel in the acid reaction. The present study aimed at the scandium extraction from bauxite residue by $ H_{2} %$ SO_{4} $ and $ H_{3} %$ PO_{4} $ leaching. The use of $ H_{2} %$ O_{2} $ was evaluated to avoid silica gel formation. The effect of time, temperature, and acid concentration was evaluated. Results showed that scandium extraction is directly related to iron extraction. The $ H_{2} %$ O_{2} $ contributed to silicon oxide formation during the acid reaction but declined scandium extraction by half. The leaching rate increased from 25 to 90 °C achieving 99% for iron and aluminum and 91% for scandium. The increase of $ H_{2} %$ SO_{4} $ concentration increased the titanium leaching. The leaching of metals using $ H_{3} %$ PO_{4} $ was similar to $ H_{2} %$ SO_{4} $ leaching. Moreover, the extractive process focused on near-zero-waste generation is essential to avoid waste stored in dams. Graphical Abstract © The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 2021 |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Scandium is one of the most valuable rare-earth elements, and its extraction is centralized in China. For this reason, the search for new scandium sources is required to supply the demand. Bauxite residue is considered a secondary scandium resource. It has estimated around 4 billion tons of bauxite residue worldwide with 20–200 mg/kg of scandium. The hydrometallurgical route is considered advantageous due to its low content. However, the acid leaching generates silica gel reducing the extraction rate and making the solid/liquid separation difficult. $ H_{2} %$ O_{2} $ can be used to avoid its synthesis, and the parameters during the leaching must be explored. Despite the studies in the literature about scandium extraction from bauxite residue, there is a lack of investigation about suppressing the synthesis of silica gel in the acid reaction. The present study aimed at the scandium extraction from bauxite residue by $ H_{2} %$ SO_{4} $ and $ H_{3} %$ PO_{4} $ leaching. The use of $ H_{2} %$ O_{2} $ was evaluated to avoid silica gel formation. The effect of time, temperature, and acid concentration was evaluated. Results showed that scandium extraction is directly related to iron extraction. The $ H_{2} %$ O_{2} $ contributed to silicon oxide formation during the acid reaction but declined scandium extraction by half. The leaching rate increased from 25 to 90 °C achieving 99% for iron and aluminum and 91% for scandium. The increase of $ H_{2} %$ SO_{4} $ concentration increased the titanium leaching. The leaching of metals using $ H_{3} %$ PO_{4} $ was similar to $ H_{2} %$ SO_{4} $ leaching. Moreover, the extractive process focused on near-zero-waste generation is essential to avoid waste stored in dams. Graphical Abstract © The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 2021 |
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4 |
| title_short |
Extraction of Scandium from Critical Elements-Bearing Mining Waste: Silica Gel Avoiding in Leaching Reaction of Bauxite Residue |
| url |
https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40831-021-00434-3 |
| remote_bool |
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| author2 |
Espinosa, Denise Crocce Romano Tenório, Jorge Alberto Soares |
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Espinosa, Denise Crocce Romano Tenório, Jorge Alberto Soares |
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| doi_str |
10.1007/s40831-021-00434-3 |
| up_date |
2024-07-03T18:19:44.683Z |
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| score |
7.3999405 |