Catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of Spirulina platensis for biocrude production using Red mud

Abstract In this work, catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of Spirulina platensis using red mud as a heterogeneous catalyst was studied. Red mud, a waste by-product of the Bayer process and its activated form, were used to study the influence of catalyst on biocrude yield and quality. The experiment...
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Autor*in:	Saral, Janakan S. [verfasserIn] Ranganathan, Panneerselvam

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2021

Schlagwörter:	Microalgae Hydrothermal liquefaction Biofuels Red mud

Anmerkung:	© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery - Berlin : Springer, 2011, 12(2021), 1 vom: 20. März, Seite 195-208
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:12 ; year:2021 ; number:1 ; day:20 ; month:03 ; pages:195-208

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1007/s13399-021-01447-4

Katalog-ID:	SPR045883750

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allfields	10.1007/s13399-021-01447-4 doi (DE-627)SPR045883750 (SPR)s13399-021-01447-4-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Saral, Janakan S. verfasserin aut Catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of Spirulina platensis for biocrude production using Red mud 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021 Abstract In this work, catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of Spirulina platensis using red mud as a heterogeneous catalyst was studied. Red mud, a waste by-product of the Bayer process and its activated form, were used to study the influence of catalyst on biocrude yield and quality. The experimental study was carried out in a batch reactor with a feedstock slurry loading from 10 to 30 wt.%. A maximum yield of bio-crude about 27.5 wt.%, 35 wt.% and 40.7 wt.% for non-catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction and catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction using red mud and activated red mud, respectively at a temperature of 300 °C, 20% slurry concentration and 30 min was obtained. FT-IR and TGA were used to characterize bio-crude from catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of spirulina. Further, the biocrude was analysed to identify its component using GC-MS. It was found that nitrogen-containing compounds were not much pronounced in biocrude from catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction. To maximise the biocrude yield, the various process conditions such as temperature (250–350 °C), reaction time (20–60 min), slurry concentration (10–30%) and catalyst-to-biomass ratio (1:2–1: 4) were investigated. When the excess of the catalyst was added, a slight increase in biocrude yield was found. For the temperature above 300 °C, the biocrude yield did not improve much. The algal slurry concentration of above 20% led to a decrease in biocrude yield. Microalgae (dpeaa)DE-He213 Hydrothermal liquefaction (dpeaa)DE-He213 Biofuels (dpeaa)DE-He213 Red mud (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ranganathan, Panneerselvam (orcid)0000-0001-6083-0418 aut Enthalten in Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery Berlin : Springer, 2011 12(2021), 1 vom: 20. März, Seite 195-208 (DE-627)645092843 (DE-600)2592298-1 2190-6823 nnns volume:12 year:2021 number:1 day:20 month:03 pages:195-208 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-01447-4 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2021 1 20 03 195-208
spelling	10.1007/s13399-021-01447-4 doi (DE-627)SPR045883750 (SPR)s13399-021-01447-4-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Saral, Janakan S. verfasserin aut Catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of Spirulina platensis for biocrude production using Red mud 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021 Abstract In this work, catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of Spirulina platensis using red mud as a heterogeneous catalyst was studied. Red mud, a waste by-product of the Bayer process and its activated form, were used to study the influence of catalyst on biocrude yield and quality. The experimental study was carried out in a batch reactor with a feedstock slurry loading from 10 to 30 wt.%. A maximum yield of bio-crude about 27.5 wt.%, 35 wt.% and 40.7 wt.% for non-catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction and catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction using red mud and activated red mud, respectively at a temperature of 300 °C, 20% slurry concentration and 30 min was obtained. FT-IR and TGA were used to characterize bio-crude from catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of spirulina. Further, the biocrude was analysed to identify its component using GC-MS. It was found that nitrogen-containing compounds were not much pronounced in biocrude from catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction. To maximise the biocrude yield, the various process conditions such as temperature (250–350 °C), reaction time (20–60 min), slurry concentration (10–30%) and catalyst-to-biomass ratio (1:2–1: 4) were investigated. When the excess of the catalyst was added, a slight increase in biocrude yield was found. For the temperature above 300 °C, the biocrude yield did not improve much. The algal slurry concentration of above 20% led to a decrease in biocrude yield. Microalgae (dpeaa)DE-He213 Hydrothermal liquefaction (dpeaa)DE-He213 Biofuels (dpeaa)DE-He213 Red mud (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ranganathan, Panneerselvam (orcid)0000-0001-6083-0418 aut Enthalten in Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery Berlin : Springer, 2011 12(2021), 1 vom: 20. März, Seite 195-208 (DE-627)645092843 (DE-600)2592298-1 2190-6823 nnns volume:12 year:2021 number:1 day:20 month:03 pages:195-208 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-01447-4 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2021 1 20 03 195-208
allfields_unstemmed	10.1007/s13399-021-01447-4 doi (DE-627)SPR045883750 (SPR)s13399-021-01447-4-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Saral, Janakan S. verfasserin aut Catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of Spirulina platensis for biocrude production using Red mud 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021 Abstract In this work, catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of Spirulina platensis using red mud as a heterogeneous catalyst was studied. Red mud, a waste by-product of the Bayer process and its activated form, were used to study the influence of catalyst on biocrude yield and quality. The experimental study was carried out in a batch reactor with a feedstock slurry loading from 10 to 30 wt.%. A maximum yield of bio-crude about 27.5 wt.%, 35 wt.% and 40.7 wt.% for non-catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction and catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction using red mud and activated red mud, respectively at a temperature of 300 °C, 20% slurry concentration and 30 min was obtained. FT-IR and TGA were used to characterize bio-crude from catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of spirulina. Further, the biocrude was analysed to identify its component using GC-MS. It was found that nitrogen-containing compounds were not much pronounced in biocrude from catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction. To maximise the biocrude yield, the various process conditions such as temperature (250–350 °C), reaction time (20–60 min), slurry concentration (10–30%) and catalyst-to-biomass ratio (1:2–1: 4) were investigated. When the excess of the catalyst was added, a slight increase in biocrude yield was found. For the temperature above 300 °C, the biocrude yield did not improve much. The algal slurry concentration of above 20% led to a decrease in biocrude yield. Microalgae (dpeaa)DE-He213 Hydrothermal liquefaction (dpeaa)DE-He213 Biofuels (dpeaa)DE-He213 Red mud (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ranganathan, Panneerselvam (orcid)0000-0001-6083-0418 aut Enthalten in Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery Berlin : Springer, 2011 12(2021), 1 vom: 20. März, Seite 195-208 (DE-627)645092843 (DE-600)2592298-1 2190-6823 nnns volume:12 year:2021 number:1 day:20 month:03 pages:195-208 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-01447-4 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2021 1 20 03 195-208
allfieldsGer	10.1007/s13399-021-01447-4 doi (DE-627)SPR045883750 (SPR)s13399-021-01447-4-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Saral, Janakan S. verfasserin aut Catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of Spirulina platensis for biocrude production using Red mud 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021 Abstract In this work, catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of Spirulina platensis using red mud as a heterogeneous catalyst was studied. Red mud, a waste by-product of the Bayer process and its activated form, were used to study the influence of catalyst on biocrude yield and quality. The experimental study was carried out in a batch reactor with a feedstock slurry loading from 10 to 30 wt.%. A maximum yield of bio-crude about 27.5 wt.%, 35 wt.% and 40.7 wt.% for non-catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction and catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction using red mud and activated red mud, respectively at a temperature of 300 °C, 20% slurry concentration and 30 min was obtained. FT-IR and TGA were used to characterize bio-crude from catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of spirulina. Further, the biocrude was analysed to identify its component using GC-MS. It was found that nitrogen-containing compounds were not much pronounced in biocrude from catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction. To maximise the biocrude yield, the various process conditions such as temperature (250–350 °C), reaction time (20–60 min), slurry concentration (10–30%) and catalyst-to-biomass ratio (1:2–1: 4) were investigated. When the excess of the catalyst was added, a slight increase in biocrude yield was found. For the temperature above 300 °C, the biocrude yield did not improve much. The algal slurry concentration of above 20% led to a decrease in biocrude yield. Microalgae (dpeaa)DE-He213 Hydrothermal liquefaction (dpeaa)DE-He213 Biofuels (dpeaa)DE-He213 Red mud (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ranganathan, Panneerselvam (orcid)0000-0001-6083-0418 aut Enthalten in Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery Berlin : Springer, 2011 12(2021), 1 vom: 20. März, Seite 195-208 (DE-627)645092843 (DE-600)2592298-1 2190-6823 nnns volume:12 year:2021 number:1 day:20 month:03 pages:195-208 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-01447-4 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2021 1 20 03 195-208
allfieldsSound	10.1007/s13399-021-01447-4 doi (DE-627)SPR045883750 (SPR)s13399-021-01447-4-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Saral, Janakan S. verfasserin aut Catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of Spirulina platensis for biocrude production using Red mud 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021 Abstract In this work, catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of Spirulina platensis using red mud as a heterogeneous catalyst was studied. Red mud, a waste by-product of the Bayer process and its activated form, were used to study the influence of catalyst on biocrude yield and quality. The experimental study was carried out in a batch reactor with a feedstock slurry loading from 10 to 30 wt.%. A maximum yield of bio-crude about 27.5 wt.%, 35 wt.% and 40.7 wt.% for non-catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction and catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction using red mud and activated red mud, respectively at a temperature of 300 °C, 20% slurry concentration and 30 min was obtained. FT-IR and TGA were used to characterize bio-crude from catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of spirulina. Further, the biocrude was analysed to identify its component using GC-MS. It was found that nitrogen-containing compounds were not much pronounced in biocrude from catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction. To maximise the biocrude yield, the various process conditions such as temperature (250–350 °C), reaction time (20–60 min), slurry concentration (10–30%) and catalyst-to-biomass ratio (1:2–1: 4) were investigated. When the excess of the catalyst was added, a slight increase in biocrude yield was found. For the temperature above 300 °C, the biocrude yield did not improve much. The algal slurry concentration of above 20% led to a decrease in biocrude yield. Microalgae (dpeaa)DE-He213 Hydrothermal liquefaction (dpeaa)DE-He213 Biofuels (dpeaa)DE-He213 Red mud (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ranganathan, Panneerselvam (orcid)0000-0001-6083-0418 aut Enthalten in Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery Berlin : Springer, 2011 12(2021), 1 vom: 20. März, Seite 195-208 (DE-627)645092843 (DE-600)2592298-1 2190-6823 nnns volume:12 year:2021 number:1 day:20 month:03 pages:195-208 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-01447-4 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2021 1 20 03 195-208
language	English
source	Enthalten in Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery 12(2021), 1 vom: 20. März, Seite 195-208 volume:12 year:2021 number:1 day:20 month:03 pages:195-208
sourceStr	Enthalten in Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery 12(2021), 1 vom: 20. März, Seite 195-208 volume:12 year:2021 number:1 day:20 month:03 pages:195-208
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	Microalgae Hydrothermal liquefaction Biofuels Red mud
isfreeaccess_bool	false
container_title	Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Saral, Janakan S. @@aut@@ Ranganathan, Panneerselvam @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2021-03-20T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	645092843
id	SPR045883750
language_de	englisch
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author	Saral, Janakan S.
spellingShingle	Saral, Janakan S. misc Microalgae misc Hydrothermal liquefaction misc Biofuels misc Red mud Catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of Spirulina platensis for biocrude production using Red mud
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topic_title	Catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of Spirulina platensis for biocrude production using Red mud Microalgae (dpeaa)DE-He213 Hydrothermal liquefaction (dpeaa)DE-He213 Biofuels (dpeaa)DE-He213 Red mud (dpeaa)DE-He213
topic	misc Microalgae misc Hydrothermal liquefaction misc Biofuels misc Red mud
topic_unstemmed	misc Microalgae misc Hydrothermal liquefaction misc Biofuels misc Red mud
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title	Catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of Spirulina platensis for biocrude production using Red mud
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title_full	Catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of Spirulina platensis for biocrude production using Red mud
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author_browse	Saral, Janakan S. Ranganathan, Panneerselvam
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title_sort	catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of spirulina platensis for biocrude production using red mud
title_auth	Catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of Spirulina platensis for biocrude production using Red mud
abstract	Abstract In this work, catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of Spirulina platensis using red mud as a heterogeneous catalyst was studied. Red mud, a waste by-product of the Bayer process and its activated form, were used to study the influence of catalyst on biocrude yield and quality. The experimental study was carried out in a batch reactor with a feedstock slurry loading from 10 to 30 wt.%. A maximum yield of bio-crude about 27.5 wt.%, 35 wt.% and 40.7 wt.% for non-catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction and catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction using red mud and activated red mud, respectively at a temperature of 300 °C, 20% slurry concentration and 30 min was obtained. FT-IR and TGA were used to characterize bio-crude from catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of spirulina. Further, the biocrude was analysed to identify its component using GC-MS. It was found that nitrogen-containing compounds were not much pronounced in biocrude from catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction. To maximise the biocrude yield, the various process conditions such as temperature (250–350 °C), reaction time (20–60 min), slurry concentration (10–30%) and catalyst-to-biomass ratio (1:2–1: 4) were investigated. When the excess of the catalyst was added, a slight increase in biocrude yield was found. For the temperature above 300 °C, the biocrude yield did not improve much. The algal slurry concentration of above 20% led to a decrease in biocrude yield. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021
abstractGer	Abstract In this work, catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of Spirulina platensis using red mud as a heterogeneous catalyst was studied. Red mud, a waste by-product of the Bayer process and its activated form, were used to study the influence of catalyst on biocrude yield and quality. The experimental study was carried out in a batch reactor with a feedstock slurry loading from 10 to 30 wt.%. A maximum yield of bio-crude about 27.5 wt.%, 35 wt.% and 40.7 wt.% for non-catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction and catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction using red mud and activated red mud, respectively at a temperature of 300 °C, 20% slurry concentration and 30 min was obtained. FT-IR and TGA were used to characterize bio-crude from catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of spirulina. Further, the biocrude was analysed to identify its component using GC-MS. It was found that nitrogen-containing compounds were not much pronounced in biocrude from catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction. To maximise the biocrude yield, the various process conditions such as temperature (250–350 °C), reaction time (20–60 min), slurry concentration (10–30%) and catalyst-to-biomass ratio (1:2–1: 4) were investigated. When the excess of the catalyst was added, a slight increase in biocrude yield was found. For the temperature above 300 °C, the biocrude yield did not improve much. The algal slurry concentration of above 20% led to a decrease in biocrude yield. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021
abstract_unstemmed	Abstract In this work, catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of Spirulina platensis using red mud as a heterogeneous catalyst was studied. Red mud, a waste by-product of the Bayer process and its activated form, were used to study the influence of catalyst on biocrude yield and quality. The experimental study was carried out in a batch reactor with a feedstock slurry loading from 10 to 30 wt.%. A maximum yield of bio-crude about 27.5 wt.%, 35 wt.% and 40.7 wt.% for non-catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction and catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction using red mud and activated red mud, respectively at a temperature of 300 °C, 20% slurry concentration and 30 min was obtained. FT-IR and TGA were used to characterize bio-crude from catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of spirulina. Further, the biocrude was analysed to identify its component using GC-MS. It was found that nitrogen-containing compounds were not much pronounced in biocrude from catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction. To maximise the biocrude yield, the various process conditions such as temperature (250–350 °C), reaction time (20–60 min), slurry concentration (10–30%) and catalyst-to-biomass ratio (1:2–1: 4) were investigated. When the excess of the catalyst was added, a slight increase in biocrude yield was found. For the temperature above 300 °C, the biocrude yield did not improve much. The algal slurry concentration of above 20% led to a decrease in biocrude yield. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021
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title_short	Catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of Spirulina platensis for biocrude production using Red mud
url	https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-01447-4
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doi_str	10.1007/s13399-021-01447-4
up_date	2024-07-03T18:55:23.101Z
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Red mud, a waste by-product of the Bayer process and its activated form, were used to study the influence of catalyst on biocrude yield and quality. The experimental study was carried out in a batch reactor with a feedstock slurry loading from 10 to 30 wt.%. A maximum yield of bio-crude about 27.5 wt.%, 35 wt.% and 40.7 wt.% for non-catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction and catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction using red mud and activated red mud, respectively at a temperature of 300 °C, 20% slurry concentration and 30 min was obtained. FT-IR and TGA were used to characterize bio-crude from catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of spirulina. Further, the biocrude was analysed to identify its component using GC-MS. It was found that nitrogen-containing compounds were not much pronounced in biocrude from catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction. To maximise the biocrude yield, the various process conditions such as temperature (250–350 °C), reaction time (20–60 min), slurry concentration (10–30%) and catalyst-to-biomass ratio (1:2–1: 4) were investigated. When the excess of the catalyst was added, a slight increase in biocrude yield was found. For the temperature above 300 °C, the biocrude yield did not improve much. 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Catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of Spirulina platensis for biocrude production using Red mud

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